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EN
In light of OECD and Health Consumer Powerhouse data, Poland is at one of the last places in Europe in terms of organization, funding and health care services. The purpose of the article is to identify the causes of the problem in the light of European comparative data and to identify the place of private health insurance in Poland in the context of solving problems of public health system failure. To this end, the health care system in Poland has been discussed in comparison with other European countries, the causes of the shortcomings of the Polish health care system, private health insurance as a health supplement in Poland, and a summary of the solution to the problem through the public-private partnership model between the NFZ and the insurers.
PL
W świetle danych raportów OECD i Health Consumer Powerhouse Polska jest na jednym z ostatnich miejsc w Europie pod względem organizacji, finansowania oraz świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja przyczyn problemu w świetle europejskich danych porównawczych oraz określenie miejsca prywatnych ubezpieczeń zdrowotnych w Polsce w kontekście rozwiązania problemów niewydolności publicznego systemu ochrony zdrowia. W tym celu omówiono system opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce na tle krajów Europy, przyczyny mankamentów polskiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej, a także scharakteryzowano prywatne ubezpieczenia zdrowotne jako suplement ochrony zdrowia w Polsce oraz nakreślono w podsumowaniu propozycję rozwiązania problemu przez model partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego między NFZ a ubezpieczycielami.
EN
This review includes information about the number of private health insurance and medical subscriptions in Poland, as well as the level of increases in premium rates, and the scale of health promotion and prevention conducted by Polish employers. The aim of this article is to present the current situation on the supplementary private medical market, which is involved in employees’ healthcare, and the challenges that both employers and medical providers with health insurers are now facing, and also to present the reasons why prevention and health promotion are important factors of healthcare under private health insurance. For the purpose of this review, scientific publications devoted to health promotion at the workplace were used, along with statistical data presented in the studies released by the Polish Insurance Association, the Polish Social Security Institution, the World Health Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The literature search was carried out using the electronic databases of PubMed. Search terms included medical subject headings and free text words. No year of publication restriction was imposed. The conducted analysis shows that the demand for private medical care is rising. Employers are willing to invest in private medical care for their employees, although the scale is much lower among small and medium-sized entrepreneurs due to fiscal burdens. Given the rising demand and an insufficient number of specialists, access to medical services is deteriorating, and the premium rates and costs are rising. More employers are investing in health promotion at the workplace in order to decrease absenteeism and presenteeism, lower the utilization of medical packages, and improve their attractiveness on the market. Although the interest in private medical care is rising, employers should focus on health promotion and prevention at the workplace, and adapt their actions to the employees’ current needs and health issues. Med Pr. 2020;71(6):735–42
EN
The theory of consumer’s choice is nowadays successfully used in the analysis of health economics. Reflections on economical character of health indicate clearly that without adequate support, once characteristic for fields such as: marketing, management, econometrics and economics, it is not possible to make rational decisions within the context of limited resources. The patient – consumer of health services, constantly face with the dilemma of choice regarding to the means of treatment, place of treatment, etc. The main aim of this article is to use multinomial logit modelling as a method for measuring the willingness to pay for medical services. Results of analyses allow identifying the regional differences in levels of selection probabilities and their spatial diversification of different categories of services among Polish subregions. On the basis of measures of global and local spatial autocorrelation it was possible to identify areas, which were favorable/unfavorable to be introduced with the benefit. Keywords: health economics, additional health insurance, willingness to pay, co-payment, logit multinomial regression, spatial autocorrelation.
PL
Teoria wyboru konsumenta jest z powodzeniem stosowana w analizach ekonomii zdrowia. Rozważanianad „ekonomicznością” towaru, jakim jest zdrowie, dają jednoznacznie do zrozumienia, że bez odpowiedniegowsparcia, kiedyś charakterystycznego dla dziedzin takich jak marketing, zarządzanie, ekonometriaczy ekonomia, nie ma możliwości podjęcia racjonalnych decyzji w ramach ograniczonych zasobów.Sam pacjent – konsument usług zdrowotnych nieustannie staje przed wyborami dotyczącymi sposobówleczenia, miejsca leczenia itp.Głównym celem artykułu jest zastosowanie wielomianowego modelowania logitowego jako metodyumożliwiającej pomiar skłonności do płacenia za świadczenia zdrowotne. Rezultaty prowadzonychanaliz umożliwiają wskazanie regionalnych różnic w poziomach prawdopodobieństw wyboru, a całośćzostanie podsumowana analizą przestrzennego zróżnicowania kategorii świadczeń na poziomie polskichpodregionów. Dzięki zastosowaniu mierników globalnej i lokalnej autokorelacji przestrzennej możliwa jestidentyfikacja miejsc sprzyjających wprowadzeniu lub zaniechaniu wprowadzenia danego świadczenia.
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