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Stosunek administracyjnoprawny w niemieckiej doktrynie prawa publicznego

100%
Sancewicz P.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2020
|
issue 1(29)
27-47
EN
The notion of the administrative-legal relationship is the basis of the dogmatics of Polish administrative law. Over the years, the doctrinal framework of this concept has been established by the doctrine of public law. At the same time, an extremely fruitful dogmatics discussion about this concept both in German law and practice has taken place. Therefore, the article attempts to present discoveries of the German doctrine of public law in this area. The review of the German literature conducted in the article shows that, despite some disputes, the German authors currently believe that the administrative-legal relationship is a useful tool for the analysis of rights and obligations in comprehensive legal relations, as well as cooperative frameworks. Contemporary German scholars, who do not distinguish the concept of a legal situation, unlike in Poland, believe that as part of the modernization processes in administration, the concept of the administrative-legal relationship can be used to solve complex legal issues.The above-mentioned discoveries made by German scholars could act as significant inspiration for the Polish doctrine of public law, especially in the context of the draft to introduce an administrative agreement into Polish law. Of particular importance here is the fact that in Germany there is a different system of the legal forms of administration activity, of which an administrative agreement is a vital component. It is indicated in the paper that Polish scholars see the possibility of describing complex legal constructions by the notion of the administrative-legal relationship in the simultaneous or complementary use of the concept of the administrative-legal situation. One should consider whether the same or better effects cannot be achieved much more easily, namely by modifying the understanding in the doctrine of the notion of administrative-legal relationship, more appropriate to the analysis of cooperative frameworks in administra
PL
The notion of the administrative-legal relationship is the basis of the dogmatics of Polish administrative law. Over the years, the doctrinal framework of this concept has been established by the doctrine of public law. At the same time, an extremely fruitful dogmatics discussion about this concept both in German law and practice has taken place. Therefore, the article attempts to present discoveries of the German doctrine of public law in this area. The review of the German literature conducted in the article shows that, despite some disputes, the German authors currently believe that the administrative-legal relationship is a useful tool for the analysis of rights and obligations in comprehensive legal relations, as well as cooperative frameworks. Contemporary German scholars, who do not distinguish the concept of a legal situation, unlike in Poland, believe that as part of the modernization processes in administration, the concept of the administrative-legal relationship can be used to solve complex legal issues.The above-mentioned discoveries made by German scholars could act as significant inspiration for the Polish doctrine of public law, especially in the context of the draft to introduce an administrative agreement into Polish law. Of particular importance here is the fact that in Germany there is a different system of the legal forms of administration activity, of which an administrative agreement is a vital component. It is indicated in the paper that Polish scholars see the possibility of describing complex legal constructions by the notion of the administrative-legal relationship in the simultaneous or complementary use of the concept of the administrative-legal situation. One should consider whether the same or better effects cannot be achieved much more easily, namely by modifying the understanding in the doctrine of the notion of administrative-legal relationship, more appropriate to the analysis of cooperative frameworks in administration.
2
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Umowa urbanistyczna jako przykład umowy administracyjnej na tle polskiego i europejskiego porządku prawnego

86%
Kruś M.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2019
|
issue 3(27)
117-138
EN
The subject of the article is an attempt to show that concluding an urban contract is a form of public administration activity of an administrative nature, not a civil one. As a result of the contract, an administrative-legal relationship is established. Its characteristic feature is that in order for this relationship to arise it is necessary for the other party to agree. The other party is an investor who is supposed to carry out the project at his own expense. The basis for the conclusion of the contract is not the freedom of contracting, but administrative law specifying the competence of the administration to conclude a contract as well as determining the acceptable content of the contract. The urban contract is therefore an administrative contract. The article also presents the basic features of an administrative contract. In the study, the achievements of Polish and German doctrine were used. The administra­tive contract is not regulated under Polish law but relevant provisions are contained in the German Act on Administrative Proceedings. In addition, a public law contract has been described as an instrument of action in the implementation of European Union law. In this context, two cases were distinguished, i.e. the conclusion of a contract by national authorities and the conclusion of a contract by the Union institutions. In the latter case, it was necessary to interpret the provisions of the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The characteristics of the administrative contract which make it a good means of establishing an administrative-legal relationship are also presented. Of particular importance is the opportunity of creating the content of the relationship by the entities involved. This enables the formation of individual provisions adapted to a specific case. At the same time, because the consent of both parties is needed to conclude a contract, such an administrative contract protects the interests of both parties to the legal relationship. Public administration’s ability to act in spe­cific situations must be ensured and for that reason the administrative contract will probably develop further.
3
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Pojęcie, przedmiot i charakter prawny umowy wywłaszczeniowej (ekspropriacyjnej)

67%
Pawłowski S.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2018
|
vol. 61
|
issue 4
155-167
EN
The construction of the Central Communication Port (CPK) planned in Poland is an inspiration to take up the issue of the expropriation contract. In numerous press statements, there are claims that the land needed for its implementation will be obtained through a contract, which suggests that this will not take place with the use of supervisory power- expropriation. The study presents a thesis that such contract is concluded after the threat of expropriation and constitutes a legal form of expropriation. Acting as an alternative to obtaining the necessary right by force, an administrative act should be seen as a public law agreement - an administrative agreement. This way of interpretation was confirmed by the recent ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal of December 12, 2017 (SK 39/15).
PL
Inspiracją do podjęcia problematyki umowy wywłaszczeniowej jest planowana w Polsce budowa Centralnego Portu Komunikacyjnego (CPK). W licznych wypowiedziach prasowych pojawiają się stwierdzenia, że grunty potrzebne dla jego realizacji będą pozyskiwane w drodze umowy, co sugeruje, że nie nastąpi to we władczym trybie – wywłaszczenia. W opracowaniu prezentowane są tezy, że umowa taka zawierana jest po groźbą wywłaszczenia i stanowi formę prawną wywłaszczenia. Stanowiąc alternatywę dla pozyskania niezbędnego prawa w drodze przymusowej, aktu administracyjnego, powinna być postrzegana jako umowa prawa publicznego – umowa administracyjna. Taki kierunek wykładani potwierdza niedawne orzeczenie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 12 grudnia 2017 r. (SK 39/15).  
4
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O umowach prawnorolnych

58%
Prutis S.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
|
2021
|
issue 2(29)
367-386
IT
Distinguere la categoria concettuale di „umowy prawnorolne” (contratti di diritto agrario) svolge una funzione ordinativa negli approcci dottrinali, i quali riguardano il meccanismo del contratto (accordo), nel nostro ordinamento giuridico. Con il termine „contratti di diritto agrario” propongo di chiamare tutti i negozi giuridici consensuali, i quali sono volti a raggiungere gli obiettivi della politica agricola (aspetto funzionale), e il cui carattere e la cui costruzione sono quelli dei contratti di diritto civile oppure dei contratti amministrativi, i quali, a loro volta, sono una forma obbligatoria di funzionamento dell’ente amministrativo. Un contratto amministrativo, in quanto forma giuridica di attività amministrativa, è un particolare equivalente di un contratto di diritto civile – di un negozio di diritto privato – sullo sfondo delle regolazioni di diritto pubblico. Lo status di "equivalente" è dovuto alle differenze strutturali tra i due contratti, pertanto tutte le eventuali classificazioni dottrinali dei contratti di diritto civile possono essere rapportate a quelli amministrativi, al massimo "rispettivamente". Il diritto agrario è quella branca del diritto che nella sua funzione di regolazione utilizza sia il meccanismo dei contratti di diritto civile sia quello dei contratti amministrativi. Per cui è opportuno svolgere una ricerca integrata sui contratti di diritto agrario, il che va decisamente a favore della necessità di mantenere il suo carattere distinto.
EN
Distinguishing the conceptual category of “agricultural legal agreements” fulfills the ordering function in doctrinal approaches which concern the mechanism of agreement (consensus) in our legal system. I propose to use the term “agricultural legal agreements” to define all consensual legal actions that serve to implement the objectives of agricultural policy (the functional aspect), and have a nature and construction of civil-law contracts or a construction of administrative contracts that are an obligatory form of action for the administering entity. An administrative contract, as a legal form of action of an administrative body, is a specific equivalent of a civil law contract – an action in private law – taken on the grounds of public law regulations. This “counterpart” status results from structural differences between both contracts, therefore all doctrinal classifications of civil law contracts can be applied to administrative contracts, according to their “appropriateness” at best. Agricultural law is that branch of law which in its regulatory function uses both the mechanism of civil law and administrative contracts. Therefore, there is a need for an integrated research on legal contracts in agriculture, which unequivocally speaks for the need for keeping agricultural law separate.
PL
Wyodrębnienie kategorii pojęciowej „umowy prawnorolne” spełnia funkcję porządkującą w ujęciach doktrynalnych dotyczących mechanizmu umowy (konsensu) w naszym systemie prawnym. Terminem „umowy prawnorolne” można określać wszelkie konsensualne czynności prawne, służące realizacji celów polityki rolnej (aspekt funkcjonalny), mające charakter i konstrukcję umów cywilnoprawnych bądź konstrukcję umów administracyjnych, będących obligatoryjną formą działania podmiotu administrującego. Umowa administracyjna, jako prawna forma działania administracji, jest swoistym odpowiednikiem umowy cywilnoprawnej – czynności prawa prywatnego – na gruncie regulacji prawa publicznego. Ten status „odpowiednika” wynika z różnic konstrukcyjnych między obydwiema umowami, toteż wszelkie doktrynalne klasyfikacje umów cywilnoprawnych mogą być przymierzane do umów administracyjnych co najwyżej „odpowiednio”. Prawo rolne jest tą gałęzią prawa, która w swojej funkcji regulacyjnej korzysta zarówno z mechanizmu umów cywilnoprawnych, jak i administracyjnych. Z tego względu zachodzi konieczność zintegrowania badań nad umowami prawnorolnymi, co jednoznacznie przemawia za zachowaniem odrębności prawa rolnego.
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