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1
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Odpowiedzialność administracyjna za zanieczyszczanie wód morskich przez statki

100%
Ogonowska A.
Forum Prawnicze
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2020
|
issue 3(59)
64–80
EN
The subject of this article is the issue of legal protection of marine water against pollution. Due to the limited scope of the study, only the legal solutions of the administrative liability concerning protection of marine waters against pollution from vessels have been considered. There is no doubt that the degradation of the marine environment is a global problem that often causes irreparable harm to the environment. In the article, there were presented considerations regarding the administrative guarantee of protection of marine waters against pollution from ships. First of all, the concept of administrative liability and its types in environmental protection have been considered. After scrutinizing legal regulations in this range, three basic tools of liability for sea pollution taken by legal enitities have been thoroughly analyzed: the administrative fines imposed on shipowners, the administrative fines imposed on other entities and the revocation of the decision in the range of testing emission reduction methods. Next, the legal regulations concerning the administrative responsibility related to the pollution of sea waters have been assessed.
2

Administrative Liability as Means of Ensuring Economic Security

100%
Makareyko N.
Internal Security
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2014
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vol. 6(1)
105-116
EN
For a democratic legal state the security of citizens, society and the country is a way of ensuring rights and freedomsof its citizens. Therefore, the state and its bodies are responsible for ensuring such a regime of social relations, answeringthe threats identified in advance, in which there is an effective legal and institutional mechanism that would prevent, suppressor restore the violated legal status. The following article is devoted to an ongoing problem of law enforcement — ensuringeconomic security. The author examines the function and role that administrative liability plays in the mechanism of ensuringeconomic security. A lot of attention is paid to the characteristics of administrative offences committed in the economicsector. These include the following administrative sectors: protection of property, protection of the environment and naturalresources, industry, construction and power industry, agriculture, veterinary, land reclamation, transportation, communicationand information, entrepreneurship, finance, taxation, insurance, securities market, customs (customs rights infringement)as well as in the field of administrative penalties. The author points out that the Administrative Offence Code of the RussianFederation gives ten types of administrative penalties out of which administrative fines are most often used, issuinga warning is rather limited, and the confiscation of the instrument of criminal or administrative offence is most often usedin the field of customs. The ideas presented in the article are intended to give a detailed insight into the administrative liabilityin the sphere of economic security, the increase of effectiveness of law‑makingand law enforcement activities in the areadiscussed.
3
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Disciplinary liability: the content, principles and types

100%
Sereda V. V.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2014
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vol. 12(12)
164-168
EN
The author suggests to consider disciplinary liability as generic notion, and general and special disciplinary liability can be considered as specific notions. It is stressed that all these types of liability should be based on the principles of legality, validity, expediency, justice, proportionality, inevitability with the mandatory securing the rate of its occurrence and the observance of the presumption of suspect’s innocence.
4
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Problem odpowiedzialności cywilnoprawnej, administracyjnoprawnej oraz karnoprawnej lekarza za niedołożenie należytej staranności w procesie udzielania świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej

89%
Ilnicka P.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2018
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vol. 16
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issue 1 (2)
119-132
PL
The issue of doctors’ civil-law, administrative-law and criminal-law liability for negligence of adequate care in terms of providing healthcare services is multifaceted. It covers various actions and omissions. The analysis of the presented jurisdiction of courts of law shows that actions or omissions, which meet the criterion of negligence of adequate care, are diversified. They include, e.g., incorrect testification of medical records (or even a lack of relevant documentation), omission of giving comprehensive and intelligible information to patients and use of improper medical products. Patients claiming their rights to have healthcare services provided – based on current medical knowledge, according to the rules of professional ethics, with solicitude – use legal path (civil-law, administrative-law, criminallaw). These proceedings are not mutually exclusive.
5

The Intersection Between Criminal and Administrative Liability of a Legal Entity for Environmental Violations in the Context of Sustainable Development

88%
Gruodytė E., Meškys L.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
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2009
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vol. 2
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issue 1
58-82
EN
One of the measures which is able to ensure the implementation of sustainable development aims is the institute of legal entities' environmental legal liability and its effective application. Three sorts of legal entities' legal liability can be applied in Lithuania, namely, civil, criminal and administrative liability.Evaluating from the prospect of implementation of sustainable development aims, the potentially effective sorts of legal liability in the environmental sphere are legal entities' administrative and criminal liability.Legal entities violating the norms of environmental law set economic aim above social and environmental aims, hence legal entities also encroach on sustainable development and do not allow for a striving towards the combinability of environmental, economic and social societal aims. This circumstance presupposes the demand to supplement the conception of the object of environmental law violation by both human health and life and sustainable development categories.This article tries to answer the questions as to whether administrative or criminal liability should be applied to the legal entities for offences against the environment, and to which liability - criminal or administrative - a legislator should render priority in protecting the environment from illegal actions of the legal entities.
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Przedawnienie karalności i wykonalności administracyjnych kar pieniężnych

88%
Wojciechowski P.
Studia Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 61
363-386
EN
During the past decade a shift has occurred, in place of criminal liability administrative liability is introduced based on repressive sanctions in the form of administrative fines (financial penalties). Apart from the issue of the legal nature of the administrative fines and conditions of imposing them, an important problem which so far has not been widely analysed in the literature is statute of limitations of administrative fines. The author analyses statute of limitations of administrative fines in the Polish law. The act regulating the general statute of limitations of administrative fines in the Polish law does not exist. Most acts introducing administrative liability include regulation of statute of limitation, but adopted solutions are very varied. In several acts there is a direct regulation of statute of limitations; in other acts there is a reference to the tax law. In conclusion, the author postulates introducing the uniform rules concerning statute of limitations of administrative fines.
7
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Strict liability Regime in Poland

63%
Śliwiński E.
Studia Iuridica
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2019
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vol. 82
294-308
PL
The article focuses on administrative violations, which are considered to be based on strict (or objective) liability model. Due to the lack of in-depth scholarly analysis of administrative liability, its principles had to be developed in the case-law of the Constitutional Tribunal, which influences the decisions of administrative courts. The recently introduced provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure concerning administrative monetary penalties are also analysed. The conformity of this model with the guarantees provided by the European Convention on Human Rights is examined, as well. The analysis leads to the conclusion that three exculpatory circumstances are recognized in this regime: force majeure, necessity and ensuring the standard of diligence established by the Constitutional Tribunal.
8
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Zawieszenie postępowania w przedmiocie wydania decyzji o wstrzymaniu użytkowania instalacji bez pozwolenia zintegrowanego – przegląd orzecznictwa

63%
Czech E. K., Ostrowiecki D.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2021
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vol. 19
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issue 1
9-20
EN
The content of the study analyzes the issues of the administrative authority's duty to suspend the procedure to issue a decision to suspend the use of an installation without the required integrated permit, carried out pursuant to Art. 365 paragraph. 1 point 1 p.o.ś. if the condition for submitting an application for the issuance of such a permit is met, and the issue of the obligation of the administration authority expressed in the examination of the reason for not having an integrated permit as a premise, the lack of which conditions the suspension of the use of the installation, was also considered. These issues were analyzed on the basis of positions expressed in the jurisprudence. They made it possible to formulate a conclusion that the legislator correctly specified in the law the optional suspension of the use of an installation without the required integrated permit, depending on the reasons for the lack of an integrated permit, and the legitimacy of its indication of the need to suspend the suspension of the use of the installation, in the event that the entity the user of it, applied for an integrated permit.
PL
W treściach opracowania poddano analizie zagadnienia powinności organu administracji w zakresie zawieszenia postępowania w przedmiocie wydania decyzji o wstrzymaniu użytkowania instalacji bez wymaganego pozwolenia zintegrowanego, prowadzonego na podstawie art. 365 ust. 1 pkt 1 p.o.ś. w przypadku spełnienia przesłanki złożenia wniosku o wydanie takiego pozwolenia, a także rozważano kwestię obowiązku organu administracji wyrażającego się w badaniu przyczyny nieposiadania pozwolenia zintegrowanego jako przesłanki, którego to brak warunkuje wstrzymanie użytkowania instalacji. Kwestie te zostały zanalizowane w oparciu o stanowiska wyrażone w orzecznictwie. Pozwoliły one na sformułowanie wniosku o trafności określenia przez ustawodawcę wprost w przepisach prawa fakultatywność wstrzymania użytkowania instalacji bez wymaganego pozwolenia zintegrowanego, uzależnionej od przyczyn braku pozwolenia zintegrowanego, a także zasadności wskazania przez niego na konieczność zawieszenia postępowania w przedmiocie wstrzymania użytkowania instalacji, w przypadku gdy podmiot ją użytkujący, wystąpił z wnioskiem o wydanie pozwolenia zintegrowanego.
9
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Wykorzystanie technologii blockchain w zakresie przechowywania dokumentów na gruncie prawa bankowego

63%
Gałus D.
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
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2020
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issue 10
s. 53-66
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie kwestii teoretycznych oraz praktycznych związanych z dopuszczeniem przez prawodawcę na podstawie art. 5 ust. 2 rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów z dnia 9 marca 2020 r., w sprawie dokumentów związanych z czynnościami bankowymi, sporządzanych na informatycznych nośnikach danych (Dz. U. z 2020 r., poz. 476), możliwości wykorzystania przez banki technologii blockchain w zakresie przechowywania dokumentów związanych z czynnościami bankowymi. Głównym motywem dla przeprowadzenia analizy była znikoma wiedza na temat technologii blockchain, cech umożliwiających jej wykorzystanie w działalności instytucji funkcjonujących w ramach sektora bankowego jako trwałego nośnika, jak również analiza możliwości poniesienia przez bank odpowiedzialności administracyjnej w przypadku popełnienia deliktu administracyjnego stypizowanego w art. 5 ust. 2 tego rozporządzenia. Z uwagi na innowacyjność oraz perspektywiczny charakter wykorzystywania nowych technologii w zakresie działalności gospodarczej prowadzonej przez banki, przeprowadzono szczegółową analizę treści art. 5 ust. 2 rozporządzenia, w celu zaprezentowania praktycznych aspektów związanych z wykorzystywaniem technologii blockchain.
EN
The article presents the analysis of theoretical and practical issues related to the legislator's admittance under article 5(2) of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 9 March 2020 on documents related to banking activities, drawn upon computerized data mediums (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 476), the possibility for banks to use blockchain technology in the scope of storing documents related to their banking activities. The main motive for the analysis was, in fact, low awareness of the blockchain technology, its features enabling its usage in the activities of institutions operating in the banking sector as a durable medium, as well as the analysis of the possibility of the bank incurring administrative liability in the event of committing an administrative delict, as provided for in article 5(2) of that Regulation. Due to the innovative and forward-looking nature of the usage of new technologies in the scope of business activity conducted by banks, the author decided that a thorough analysis of the content of article 5(2) of the Regulation is necessary to present the possibilities and practical aspects related to the use of blockchain technology.
10
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Stosowanie przepisów o administracyjnych karach pieniężnych do opłat podwyższonej I dodatkowej uregulowanych prawem geologicznym I górniczym

51%
Radecki G.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
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2020
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vol. 3
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issue XX
167-180
EN
Section IVa of the act of 14 June 1960 – Code of Administrative Procedure refers to administrative financial penalties, introducing some general rules in that subject. Author considers possibility and scope of application of the rules to that fees governed by the act of 9 June 2011 – Geological and Mining Law, which are administrative sanctions, namely to increased fee and additional fee. The increased fee is applicable to activity carried out without the required concession, whereas the increased fee is charged for activity performed in flagrant violation of the conditions determined in the concession. The author came to the conclusion that an impact of the provisions of section IVa on the legal status of the fees was minimal and unsatisfactory
PL
Dział IVa ustawy z dnia 14 czerwca 1960 r. – Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego dotyczy administracyjnych kar pieniężnych, wprowadzając generalne zasady w tym przedmiocie. Autor rozważa możliwość i zakres stosowania tych zasad odnośnie do tych opłat uregulowanych ustawą z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 r. – Prawo geologiczne i górnicze, które są sankcjami administracyjnymi do opłat podwyższonej i dodatkowej. Opłata podwyższona jest wymierzana za działalność prowadzoną bez wymaganej koncesji, natomiast opłata dodatkowa za działalność wykonywaną z rażącym naruszeniem określonych w niej warunków. Autor doszedł do wniosku, że wpływ przepisów działu IVa na prawny status tych opłat jest nieznaczny i niesatysfakcjonujący.
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