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1

Związanie organu administracji orzeczeniem sądu karnego

100%
Chochorowska P.
Przegląd Prawa Publicznego
|
2013
|
issue 7-8
104-118
EN
Considerations included in the article show in what manner penal proceedings and the pronouncements of such proceedings affect administrative procedure and how they mould the decisions issued therein. The solutions which involve both the public administration authority and valid penal court judgments ought to be not only to protect safety, public order and civil rights and freedom, but also function as guarantee of them. Every single person ought to be known as innocent, if the authority do not declare him guilty. It is unacceptable establishing negative consequences of an act in administrative proceedings until a valid court pronouncement of the penal proceedings. The author plans to introduce changes in the construction of some regulations analyzed in the article, because it raises questions regarding the constitutional principle of the presumption of innocence.
2

Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 19 lipca 2016 r., II OSK 2762/14

100%
Klat-Górska E., Nikiforów N.
Prawo
|
2017
|
issue 322
117-130
EN
The study presents the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 19 July 2016, II OSK 2762/14, and acceds to the position of the Court. It was explained that on the grounds of the judgment commented, reference is made to the two essentials of general procedural issues, pointing — first — on the eligibility criteria letters sent by the administration to the applicant, and secondly — the basis to force the administration authority issuing the required procedural act. It was pointed out that regardless of whether the administrative authority violates the interests of action, or silence or protraction, an entity shall find a specific remedy standardized by the legislature (appeal, compla­int, complaint for failure to act, the complaint to the court, etc.). It is, therefore, a authority whose essence and, at the same time, the function is tailored to the specific situation of the process.
3

Doręczenie zastępcze w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym

100%
Zdyb P.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2015
|
issue Acta Iuris nr 11
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został problematyce możliwości przyjęcia domniemania prawnego skutecznego doręczania pism w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym, dokonanego w sposób zastępczy w przypadku nieobecności adresata. Analizie poddano przesłanki stawiane przez Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego (k.p.a.) w art. 43 i 44, od których łącznego spełnienia przepisy prawne uzależniają uznanie doręczenia w tym trybie za rodzące skutek prawny. Z jednej strony obowiązujące regulacje mają na celu zapewnienie sprawnego postępowania administracyjnego, a z drugiej – mają zapewnić ochronę praw jednostki przed dowolnością działania organów administracji publicznej. Przedstawione zostało istniejące w tym zakresie orzecznictwo wojewódzkich sądów administracyjnych oraz Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego oraz poglądy nauki prezentowane w literaturze przedmiotu.
EN
This article is devoted to the issues of the acceptability of a legal presumption of effective serve of documents in the general administrative procedure made in the manner substitute in case of the absence of the addressee. Analysis covered the conditions imposed by the Code of Administrative Proceedings in article 43 and 44 of which the total compliance of the legislation make the classification of service in this mode, the emerging legal effect. On the one hand the current regulations are designed to ensure a efficient administrative proceedings, and on the other to protect the rights of the individuals against arbitrariness actions of public administration. In the article presented the existing case law in this area of provincial administrative courts and the Supreme Administrative Court and the views of modern science administrative proceedings law presented in the literature
4
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Problematyka kategorii stron postępowania administracyjnego w kontekście przesłanki zgody strony na uchylenie lub zmianę decyzji ostatecznej na podstawie art. 155 Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego

100%
Kledzik P.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2018
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1 (1)
87-98
EN
As far as the norms of the Code of Administrative Procedure (CAP) are concerned, there is no other category of entities other than a party to the proceedings who could request the authority’s action or whom the authority’s action might concern, as was the case in the regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of 1928, preceding the CAP, regulating the institution of the person concerned. In the CAP regulation, in the scope of the category of parties to the proceedings, the legislator distinguished parties with disputed interests. The disputed interest is most often manifested in the fact that one of the parties requests the initiation of proceedings in order to obtain a specific entitlement, and the authority deciding in this regard must do so in such a way as not to infringe on the legal interest of other persons (third parties) who, due to the interest in question, in order to ensure its proper protection, use and enjoy the status of a party in the proceedings. For delimiting the above categories of the parties to proceedings, the doctrine and the case-law assume their division into parties with the so-called main rights and parties with the so-called reflexive rights. In the context of the underlined distinction of both sub-categories of parties to proceedings, the object of the analysis of this study is the question of whether or not, according to the provisions of the CAP, the differentiation of their procedural rights can be made. To this end, it was justified to refer to the institution of repealing or amending a final decision pursuant to Article 155 of the PAC, in view of the positions that are presented in the caselaw of the administrative courts in the context of this provision.
5
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Kilka uwag na temat zasad działania Komisji Odwoławczej Agencji ds. Współpracy Organów Regulacji Energetyki

100%
Swora M.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2022
|
issue 2 (38)
131-143
EN
The Board of Appeal (BoA) of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) belongs to the category of appeal bodies hearing appeals against the deci-sions of EU administrative agencies. ACER BoA acts on the basis of legal framework dedicated to the Agency, while the rules of conduct before the Board are regulated by internal rules of procedure. These regulations are practically the only legal acts regulating the procedure before the BoA, as the EU has not adopted a single ad-ministrative code that would regulate the procedure before such bodies, inter alia. The BoA is a specialised body responsible for adjudicating complex cases in the field of the EU common energy market related to the implementation of European network codes. The CJEU (General Court) sought to dispel any doubts concerning the rules of adjudication of the BoA in the ACER v. Aquind judgment by expressing a number of views on the scope and standard of adjudication, but even in the light of this judgment, a number of matters remain unclear. Consequently, it is all the more urgent to adopt a clear procedural and systemic framework governing the functioning of the BoA.
6
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Konsensualny charakter procedury jako konstytutywna cecha ADR

100%
Duszka-Jakimko H., Haczkowska M.
Przegląd Prawa i Administracji
|
2013
|
vol. 94
57 - 77
EN
Consensual importance of the law is an increasingly emerging issue in contemporary reflection on law. Alternative legal dispute resolution (with Alternative Dispute Resolution — ADR), which includes the basic methods of negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration, is one of the manifestations of this thought. This article, highlighting the various methods of ADR, shows the importance of the consensual nature of the procedure as one of the constitutive conditions of the agreement which was the basis for legitimizing solutions in a legal dispute within the ADR. The article takes into account the Polish legal system, extracts and presents different criteria, such as subjective criteria, jurisdiction, the degree of formalization of procedures, grounds for jurisdiction, of the power and coercion, making references, comparatively, to the court procedures and ADR procedures. The wording of the above criteria allows to determine the ADR procedures as consensual procedures, based on the agreement of free, independent entities, as well as on certain values and conditioned by a legal culture.
7

Niektóre skutki stwierdzenia nieważności decyzji administracyjnej. Uwagi na marginesie art. 158 § 1 k.p.a.

100%
Gajewski S.
Przegląd Prawa Publicznego
|
2013
|
issue 7-8
94-103
EN
The regulation of the invalidation of the administrative decision included in Code of Administrative Procedure does not contain any provisions directly related to the consequences of its use. In contrast to the Code of Civil Procedure, it does not contain an express provision defining the duties of the competent authority in connection with the decision invalidating another decision. The article attempts to identify the relationship between the invalidation of a decision and existing of proceedings that led to the issue of the invalidated decision. In particular, the article tries to find an answer to the question, which of the proceedings carried out in this procedure can be repeated and when.
8
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Evidence from Artificial Intelligence in General Administrative Procedure

100%
Dubiński Ł.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2022
|
vol. 14
251-280
EN
Artificial intelligence is becoming an element of everyday life, and also a part of administrative proceedings. The legislator systematically adds regulations that allow public administration bodies to use artificial intelligence. At the same time, the Code of Administrative Procedure has not been amended in this respect. The article tries to establish what artificial intelligence evidence is. In addition, the issue of whether the rules on administrative evidence should be changed to cover the use of AI evidence is examined.
9

Changes in the basis, the amendments to the general principles of administrative procedure

100%
Citko G.
Prawo
|
2013
|
issue 315/1
EN
Amendments to the Act of 14 June 1960 — Code of Administrative Procedure (J.L. No. 30, item. 168, as amended) did not spare the general principles of administrative procedure. At first sight, they may seem to be merely cosmetic, but in practice they can raise many questions and problems. This article is dedicated to an attempt at finding the answers to these questions and solutions to encountered problems. It discusses each of the general principles and changes. It also indicates the practical importance of the general principles and their possible use in the administrative procedure.
10

Charakter prawny decyzji o warunkach zabudowy

100%
Daniel P.
Przegląd Prawa Publicznego
|
2012
|
issue 10
9-19
EN
Under the art. 59 p. 1 of the Act on Spatial Management, the change of the development, in the absence of spatial development plan, requires the prior acquisition of the zoning decision. This solution helps to ensure the spatial order, since the condition of receiving the zoning decision is its compliance with the function and development of the area in which the investment is to be realized. The analysis of the legal doctrine and judgments of the administrative courts reveal that the legal character of the zoning decision is still open to discussion. Therefore the aim of the article is to characterize the institution of the zoning decision and find the answer as to its legal character.
11
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Digitizing the public administration and safeguarding individual rights: automated decision-making at the intersection of the GDPR and Polish administrative procedure

100%
Geburczyk F.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2021
|
vol. 83
|
issue 1
99-113
EN
Automating administrative decision-making through the use of algorithms integrated into administrative procedures constitutes a major goal of both the Polish government and the EU. Notwithstanding the undeniable benefits of automated administrative decision-making, the tentative development of the law regulating administrative procedures in this regard translates into risks to important elements of administrative due process. Although a systematic regulatory approach to automated administrative decision-making is lacking, an analysis of the provisions of the GDPR concerning profiling algorithms and automated decision-making may prove rewarding, given that they may directly affect the procedural rights of parties in proceedings before national authorities. On the other hand, the imprecise language of the GDPR makes it susceptible to interpretations deeply embedded in the hitherto elaborated practices of the Polish administrative procedure. The article analyses the intersection between the GDPR and Polish administrative procedure in order to examine the potential for mutual influences between both frameworks.
12
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Zasada szybkości postępowania administracyjnego w wybranych krajach skandynawskich i Polsce

89%
Olszanowski J.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2019
|
vol. 81
|
issue 3
115-129
EN
The subject of this study is an analysis of legal norms focused on the efficiency of administrative procedure, including norms establishing the time limits for the administrative authorities to deal with cases and legal remedies to ensure that cases are settled without unnecessary delay. The considerations seek to verify whether the currently applicable regulations in the Polish legal system protect the right for cases to be considered in a fair manner, without undue delay, and whether they do not differ from the solutions adopted in other countries of the European Union. To compare models of administrative procedure in these terms, two Scandinavian procedures were chosen: Swedish and Finnish. It is widely accepted that Scandinavian countries are mature democracies, highly regarded for the administrative services provided to citizens and their guarantees of human rights protection. The Swedish model of administrative procedure was chosen due to the introduction of a new Administrative Procedure Act. In turn, the Finnish legal system is considered one of the most citizen-friendly public administration systems. In both Sweden and Finland, a number of improvements have been made to popularize e-administration, including actions taken to facilitate administrative procedure.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza regulacji dotyczących sprawności postępowania administracyjnego, w tym w szczególności norm ustanawiających terminy załatwienia spraw administracyjnych i środków prawnych przysługujących stronom w celu zagwarantowania realizacji przez organ administracji publicznej obowiązku załatwienia sprawy bez zbędnej zwłoki. Założeniem, które zostanie zweryfikowane w toku prowadzonych rozważań, jest stwierdzenie, że obecnie obowiązujące regulacje w polskim systemie prawnym zapewniają możliwość realizacji prawa jednostki do rozpatrzenia sprawy w sposób sprawiedliwy, a równocześnie bez nieuzasadnionej zwłoki i nie odbiegają od rozwiązań przyjętych w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Do porównania modeli postępowania administracyjnego w omawianym zakresie wybrano dwie procedury skandynawskie – szwedzką i fińską. Powszechnie przyjmuje się, że państwa skandynawskie stanowią dojrzałe demokracje i są pozytywnie oceniane z uwagi na wysoki standard obsługi administracyjnej obywateli i gwarancje ochrony praw człowieka. Szwedzki model postępowania administracyjnego wybrany został z uwagi na fakt wprowadzenia, począwszy od 1 lipca 2018 r., nowego kodeksu (aktu) regulującego przebieg postępowania administracyjnego. Fiński system prawny z kolei uważany jest za jeden najbardziej przyjaznych odbiorcy systemów administracji publicznej. Zarówno w Szwecji, jak i Finlandii wprowadza się szereg usprawnień w zakresie upowszechnienia e-administracji, również w odniesieniu do postępowania administracyjnego.
13
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Instytucja mediacji w postępowaniu administracyjnym

89%
Smarż J.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2018
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1 (4)
61-70
PL
Mediation is a new institution in administrative proceedings aims to provide a partnership approach of the administration to citizens and to enable which participation of the public in administrative governance. However, the introduction of mediation into administrative proceedings raises doubts as to its practical applicability, especially given the current reluctance of administration to the binding provisions of the agreement in view of the fact that mediation proceedings bring many unquestionable benefits also to the administration, there is a hope that it will adapt better than in judicial-administrative proceedings, where it is not applied.
14
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Mediator w postępowaniu administracyjnym

89%
Trybka W.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2018
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1 (4)
117-131
PL
Amending the Code of Administrative Procedure, the legislator decided to introduce the possibility of conducting mediation proceedings. A mediator may be a natural person who has full legal capacity and exercises full civil rights. The mediator’s role is to ensure the conduct of the mediation process. They have the responsibility to stimulate the initiative of the parties by means of appropriate mediation techniques, as well as to create an appropriate climate of conversation, based on mutual trust and respect. The mediator uses procedural rights, which include: the right to read the case files and the right to remuneration and reimbursement of expenses related to mediation. The Code of Administrative Procedure also imposes procedural obligations on the mediator: it must maintain impartiality in the conduct of mediation and draw up a report on mediation. Participants in the mediation are also parties of the administrative proceedings and a public administration body. The task of the public administration body is to determine whether the arrangements made by the parties with the participation of the mediator fall within the scope of the generally applicable law.
15
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Wyłączenie członka organu kolegialnego w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym

89%
Łaszczyca G.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2020
|
vol. 82
|
issue 3
95-109
EN
The article deals with the issue of excluding of a member of a collegial body from general administrative proceedings. This regulation aims at the implementation of the principle of impartiality of proceedings, which is based on Art. 8 § 1 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. The author discusses the elements of the exclusion institution, in particular the notion of a member of a collegial body, the reasons for the exclusion, the form of the exclusion and the authority deciding on the exclusion, the exclusion initiative, and the effects of the exclusion. The article also sets out the effects of violating the exclusion regulation.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie wyłączenia członka organu kolegialnego w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym. Regulacja ta służy realizacji zasady bezstronności postępowania, która znajduje oparcie w art. 8 § 1 k.p.a. Autor omawia elementy konstrukcji wyłączenia, w szczególności pojęcie członka organu kolegialnego, przyczyny wyłączenia oraz formę wyłączenia, a także organ rozstrzygający o wyłączeniu, inicjatywę wyłączenia oraz skutki wyłączenia. Artykuł również skutki naruszenia przepisów o wyłączeniu.  
16
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Reflections on the Context of Public Law and Private Law on the Example of the Decision to Permit a Road Investment

88%
Gawrecki B. M.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2021
|
vol. 13
177-197
EN
The article aims to show the next points of contact between public law and private law by presenting the civil and administrative legal effects of the decision on the permit for the implementation of a road investment (including its amendment and repeal), referred to in the Act of April 10, 2003, on special rules for the preparation of and implementation of investments in the field of public roads. The reason for the author to analyze the topic was the fact that the author has noticed the increasingly stronger interpenetration of the areas of public law and private law and problems encountered in legal practice. The article is a synthesis of the civil and administrative legal consequences – sometimes unintentional – of issuing and changing the decision on the permit for the implementation of a road investment, which have their source in the unilateral, imperative action of a competent public administration body. It is also another voice in the discussion on the advisability of the classic division into the two oldest branches of law.
17
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Prawda arystotelesowska w procesie administracyjnym i sądowoadministracyjnym

88%
Gontarski W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
|
2014
|
vol. 73
EN
The contemporary truth reconstructed in a trial reflects differences between the Aristotelian truth in terms of its essence and criterion (material truth – veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus – ad Aristotle, The Metaphysics IV.7.[1011b 26-27])- and its practical realisation (objective truth – in medio stat veritas – ad Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics II.7.[1108a 19–20]). In a non-adversarial processes – such as the Polish criminal trial - as opposed to the Anglo-Saxon one - the Polish administrative procedure (an administrative court has only a controlling function, not a reformative one and does not ascertain facts on its own) or separate proceedings in the Polish civil procedure – the court is expressis verbis obliged to reconstruct the objective truth (i.e. the truth which can be ascertained by a man meeting the diligentia boni patris familias standard) and not the material truth. Nonetheless, if the judicial truth understood in this way (the truth ascertained by the court; if the court does not demonstrate an evidential initiative, then it will not ascertain the truth, but it will merely assess the reliability of the evidence submitted as in the Anglo-American criminal trial) will differ from the material truth, it can act as a statutory premise to resume the proceedings. That is, generally speaking, the main difference between the inquisitorial and the adversarial models.
18
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Nowelizacja procedury administracyjnej - Wybrane zmiany

88%
Byczkowski F.
Kontrola Państwowa
|
2018
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2 (379)
114-131
EN
The largest – since 1990 – amendment of the administrative procedure entered into force on 1st June 2017. It was part of the “100 Changes for Companies – A Facilitation Package for Enterpreneurs” (Polish: 100 zmian dla firm – Pakiet ułatwień dla przedsiębiorców) elaborated by the Ministry of Development. The amendment has introduced many new legal institutions that change not only the manner of the administrative procedure, but its very philosophy as well. The article attempts to evaluate the new solutions and adopted changes, as well as to present the problematic areas still present in the Code of Administrative Procedure, including de lege ferenda proposals.
19
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Komunikacyjna funkcja środków prawnych w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym

88%
Pierzchała E.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2012
|
vol. X
|
issue 4
59-66
EN
The subject matter dealt with by the author in this paper is the analysis of the communication function of legal means in the general administrative procedure. The popularity of this problem area is owed, to a large extent, to the great role which the legal means play in creating a good system of protection of the individual’s rights in a democratic state. The paper is an attempt at analyzing the elements which shape the communication process and which influence the character of the legal means. The elements that are vital and accompany the legal relation which arises in consequence of applied legal means, as well as their influence on settlements of the organ of appeal.
20

The Investment Environment for Renewable Energy Development in Lithuania: The Electricity Sector

88%
Milčiuvienė S., Paškevičius J.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
|
2014
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
29-48
EN
The article analyzes the investment environment in renewable electricity generation capacities, evaluating the credibility of long term renewable energy targets, the stability of promotion schemes and the impartiality of national administrative procedure. The article explores two main questions: (i) are the EU and Lithuanian energy policy targets and promotion schemes credible enough to convince private investors to put their money in renewable energy development; (ii) does national administrative procedure put a disproportional burden on renewable energy investors or on certain group of investors? The assessment of the investment environment includes a large number of criteria, but we analyze three of them: the stability of long term strategy; the attractiveness of promotionmeasures; and the simplicity and transparency of administrative procedure. Two further criteria are investigated: the stability of targets in renewable energy and the stability of promotional measures. The greatest uncertainty for investors occurs because of constantly changing support schemes of renewable energy sources-schemes that are not harmonized among the member States. At the national level the main driver in the development of small generators is the feed-in tariff. However, the high feed-in tariff does not always guarantee the smooth development of small scale generators of renewable energy.
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