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Virumaa rahvapillid

100%

Tonurist I.

Mäetagused

2017

vol. 67

75-112

The article gives an overview of the traditional musical instruments and sound making devices of Estonian peasants in historical Virumaa, as well as their usage on the basis of data collected mainly in the 19th–20th centuries. Folk instrument playing culture in Virumaa region is part of the common north-Estonian folk music area, which covers Harju, Järva, and Viru counties. Undoubtedly, the idiosyncrasy of folk music in this area has mainly been shaped by the northern Estonian regilaul (runosong); yet, the relatively similar choice of traditional musical instruments is also characteristic. Local peculiarities of Virumaa stand out only in the case of a few phenomena, such as piibar (a flute-like whistle made of willow bark) and names for the newer type of psaltery (simmel/tsimmel/simbel). In the choice of instruments, their names, and repertoire the so-called Iisaku poluvertsiks’ (Lutheran Russians) local folk instrument playing tradition can be distinguished, which mixes Russian and Estonian phenomena (incl., e.g., names of instruments: psaltery – kusli, jew’s harp – vargan, willow whistle – dutka, drum – puuben). Russian villages on the northern coast of Lake Peipus and along the Narva River had their own explicit ethnic playing tradition. The northern coast of Virumaa had some common features also with Finnish folk instrument and folk dance traditions (influence in the repertoire of dance music, violin-playing, etc.), while at the lower course of the Narva River contacts occurred with local Izhorian herdsmen and their instruments (e.g. large herdsman’s trumpet truba). Folk music instruments in Virumaa can be divided by their sound-making mode into wind instruments (e.g. clarinet-type and trumpet-type aerophones), string instruments (chordophones), idiophones, and membranophones. The article approaches folk instruments in Virumaa on the basis of their main building indicators as well as spheres of usage, and their mentions in oral folklore.

Organy — instrument, który „oddycha”

84%

Poźniak G.

2016

vol. 22

issue 48

541-549

Artykuł omawia organy jako instrument z rodziny aerofonów. Punktem wyjścia do przeprowadzenia analiz jest niewielka tabliczka informująca kalikanta o należytym wykonywaniu pracy, która znajduje się na chórze muzycznym kościoła parafialnego pw. Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa w Roszkowie (pow. Racibórz). Tego rodzaju instrukcje były typowe dla organów pochodzących z warsztatu organmistrzowskiego Schlag & Söhne. W artykule omówiona jest funkcja kalikanta. Artykuł stawia tezę o konieczności przywrócenia organom ich „aerofoniczności”. Przedłożone zostały trzy postulaty końcowe: 1) Należy wyposażać nowo budowane organy w mechanizmy do kalikowania — uzupełnieniem zaś tego rodzaju urządzeń powinny być „dzwonki na kalikanta” oraz instrukcje „uwrażliwiające” na to, że organy „oddychają”. 2) Wykonawcy muzyki organowej powinni być w czasie swojej edukacji artystycznej uczeni obsługi mechanizmów do kalikowania oraz gry na instrumencie kalikowanym. 3) Nagrania dokonywane na instrumentach zabytkowych, mających czynny mechanizm do kalikowania, choćby tylko w niewielkiej części powinny zostać zarejestrowane z użyciem tegoż.

The article discusses organs as an instrument of the family of aerophones. The starting point for the analyzes is a small plaque indicating an organ blower about satisfactory work performance, which is placed on the music choir of the parish church of Sacred Heart of Jesus in Roszków (near Racibórz). This kind of instructions was typical for organs from the workshop of the master organ-builder Schlag & Söhne. The article discoursed the function of a organ blower. It formulates the thesis about the need to restore the organs as an aerophone. Three final proposals were submitted: 1) The newly built organs for the artistic education should be equipped in mechanisms to organs blow. 2) Contractors of organ music should be taught manning mechanisms to organs blow and playing the blowing instrument in the course of their artistic education. 3) Recordings made on antique instruments which have active mechanism to organs blow should be recorded at least to some extent.

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1 Liturgia Sacra. Liturgia - Musica - Ars

1 Mäetagused

1 2017

1 2016

1 Poźniak G.

1 Tonurist I.

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Virumaa rahvapillid

Organy — instrument, który „oddycha”