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EN
Sequential viewing of 2 orthogonally related gratings produces an afterimage related to the first grating (Vidyasagar, Buzas, Kisyarday, & Eysel, 1999; Francis & Rothmayer, 2003). We investigated how the appearance of the afterimage depended on the relative orientations of the 2 stimulus gratings. We first analyze the theoretical explanation of the appearance of the afterimage that was proposed by Francis and Rothameyer (2003). From the analysis, we show that the model must predict a rapid drop in afterimage occurrence as the gratings deviate from orthogonal. We also show that the model predicts that the shape of the afterimage should always be orthogonal to the second grating. We then report on 2 experiments that test the properties of the model and find that the experimental data are strikingly different from the model predictions. From these discrepancies we identify the key deficits of the current version of the model.
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 2
PL
W czerwcu 1942 roku Emanuel Ringelblum zauważył, że temat żydowskich lektur w gettach będzie interesował świat. Tak zakreślony problem badawczy nie doczekał się dotąd kompletnego studium. Autorka artykułu Resztki liter. Trzy paradygmaty lekturowe w gettach poddała refleksji ten aspekt historii gett. Literatura w nich obecna pozwala na rzucenie światła na temat życia i umierania ich mieszkańców. Ale podjęcie tego tematu pozwala także uaktywnić nowe tropy w lekturach książek, po które sięgali Żydzi. Tomy, z którymi spędzali czas, pozwalają uchwycić, jak mieszkańcy gett budowali więź z rzeczywistością, jak uczyli dzieci czytać lub znajdowali konsolidację w opisanym cierpieniu. Autorka stawia także pytanie, czy studia nad „zwyczajnym” życiem podczas Holokaustu można uznać za mikrohistoryczne.
EN
In June 1942 Emanuel Ringelblum asked: “What kind of books do people read? This topic has always been interesting for each Jew and after the war it also became interesting to the world”. This topic hasn’t received a comprehensive study yet. The author of the paper The Remains of the Letters. Three Reading Paradigms in the Ghettos examined this aspect of history of the ghettos. The literature allows us to shed light on the topic of the life and deaths of their inhabitants. But, taking up this topic enables us also to activate new ways of interpreting the books. The volumes they spent time on in the ghetto allow to capture the way the residents of the ghettos built or broke the bond with the reality, how they taught their own children to read or found solace in someone else’s pain. The author considers, however, whether the studies of ordinary life in extraordinary times of the Holocaust can be considered micro-historical.
EN
The article shows how the visual-painting category of afterimage, which derives from Władysław Strzemiński’s concept, functions at the level of literature (in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian) and literary studies, as an attempt to apply art concepts to the interpretation of verse. The text is experimental in that it suggests using afterimage as a tool of cognitive philosophy that enables the new meanings to be highlighted in reading the poetic works of Leśmian and in establishing the relations between the visual and the word.  
PL
The article shows how the visual-painting category of afterimage, which derives from Władysław Strzemiński’s concept, functions at the level of literature (in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian) and literary studies, as an attempt to apply art concepts to the interpretation of verse. The text is experimental in that it suggests using afterimage as a tool of cognitive philosophy that enables the new meanings to be highlighted in reading the poetic works of Leśmian and in establishing the relations between the visual and the word.
EN
The paper discusses specific literary form of the cultural prefiguration of spatial perception – seeing landscapes and other spaces through the filter of one’s experience of art. In the examined texts by Jacek Dehnel’s and in Julia Hartwig’s poems spaces perceived by the subject are juxtaposed and correlated with the afterimages of masterpiece paintings or memorable and identifiable styles of various artists.
EN
The paper asks how the actually invisible event of the Chernobyl disaster is remembered and represented. The author therefore examines the discourse concerning the events of April 26th, 1986: how it developed, changed over the transformation period, and subsequently functioned until the present day.
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