Search results - CEJSH

1

Uniformed service officers’ age as a variable differentiating the perception of counterproductive work behaviors

100%

Szeliga-Duchnowska A., Szewczyk M.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2018

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vol. 14

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issue 2

205-219

EN

Szeliga-Duchnowska Anna, Szewczyk Mirosława, Uniformedservice officers’ age as a variable differentiatingthe perception of counterproductive work behaviors. „Kultura– Społeczeństwo – Edukacja” nr 2(14) 2018, Poznań2018, pp. 205–219, Adam Mickiewicz University Press.ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2018.14.15.At the foundation of this research lies the belief that theage can directly differentiate the perception of counterproductivework behaviors. The aim of the article is toidentify and present the relationship between age andthe perception of counterproductive work behaviors. Thesurvey research was carried out in June 2017, with theuse of Internet-based survey questionnaire (CAWI). Therewere altogether 198 officers examined. The results confirmthe existence of variety counterproductive behaviors accordingto the classification proposed by P.E. Spector. Theanalysis results confirm the appearance of dependence betweenthe age of officers and their perception of counterproductivebehaviors. The conclusions which come fromthe research can have significant implications to superiorsin the scope of prophylactic actions aimed against counterproductivebehaviors.

2

Gendered and ‘ageed’ language and power inequalities : an intersectional approach

93%

Mikić J., Mrčela A. K., Golob M. K.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2018

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vol. 19

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issue 2

32-54

EN

A great deal has been written about the causes of gender inequality, and much of this literature has tackled the role of language as a mechanism of social exclusion. More recent analysis of gender inequalities indicates how vital it is that we understand the impact that different social characteristics, including age, can have simultaneously on a person’s life situation. These factors should be examined together and at the same time, and as such they invite the kind of approach that is made possible by the concept of intersectionality. The aim of this article is to bridge the gap that exists between different streams of research. It approaches the analysis of gender and age from an intersectional perspective. It also draws on work on the reinforcement of gender inequalities through gendered language and engages with research on age-related social inequalities and especially on the specific gender bias of ageism and ageist language. We propose that an intersectional approach be brought to bear on the analysis of sexist and ageist language in order to draw these lines of inquiry together. In doing so we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the social position of women and men of different ages and the role of language in reproducing and reinforcing the inequalities of power created by attitudes to differences of gender and age. It is our belief that an intersectional approach has huge potential for future work in gender studies, sociolinguistic theory, and other avenues of research.

3

The Impact of Age on Polish Households Financial Behavior – Indebtedness and Over-Indebtedness

93%

Anioła-Mikołajczak P.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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vol. 1(85)

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine how age of the head of household affects the financial behavior of households in terms of indebtedness and over-indebtedness. The over-indebtedness was analyzed from two aspects – margin and debt service ratio indicators. The data from Household Budget Survey in 2011 conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland was used in the analyses. To achieve the main objective, selected measures of descriptive statistics and contingency tables were used. The research results confirm that in Poland credits were taken mainly by households of young people, which is consistent with assumptions of the life cycle hypothesis. Although these assumptions were not confirmed in the case of a problem with over-indebtedness.

4

The Differences in the Importance of Certain Aspects of Business Success for Female Entrepreneurs of Different Age and Education / Razlike u Značaju Pojedinih Aspekata Poslovnog Uspeha u Zavisnosti od Starosti i Obrazovanja Preduzetnica

93%

Stošić D.

Economic Themes

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2015

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vol. 53

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issue 4

502-518

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine the importance of different aspects of business success for different age and educational groups of female entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 40 female entrepreneurs from several urban areas in the Republic of Serbia. The data are analysed by conducting the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). Results show that all different aspects of business success that were examined can be grouped around two main dimensions - qualitative and quantitative one. Although certain differences in the importance of these dimensions between female entrepreneurs of different age and education were found, they were not statistically important. However, this research can be seen as a pilot study, so further research, which would possibly presuppose a realization of a larger sample, can be carried out starting from the defined conceptual and methodological framework.

5

The Influence of Age and Gender on the Value Orientation of Extreme Sports Participants

93%

Pólus-Thiry É., Rédei C.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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vol. 56

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issue 1

51-58

EN

Research has shown that the popularity of extreme sports is on the rise in Hungary just as in developed countries. While we cannot question the influence of the press, it is very likely that shifts and changes in the value orientation of a society also play an important role in fostering the process. In the first stage of the present study, the value orientation of a group of Hungarian people involved in action sports is mapped where the values are arranged into a latent structure using principal component analysis. In the second stage of research, it is checked whether the examined group is a homogenous community regarding their value orientations, and researchers examine if two variables - age and gender - significantly influence the value orientations of the respondents. Our conclusion is that there is little difference between group members regarding their high preferences for community values and the low preferences for traditional values, but age and gender significantly influence respondents’ attitudes to post-materialist values and partially those to materialist values. Younger participants report higher preferences for both materialist and postmaterialist values, while females attribute higher importance to post-materialist values.

6

Starość człowieka, jako problem społeczno-etyczny

93%

Świtała I. M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2013

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issue 2(6)

303-314

EN

In recent decades, a substantial demographic changes in the structure of Polish society. The decrease in growth, changes in family patterns, lengthening the duration of life, resulted in an aging population. According to demographic projections, the number of people of retirement age will increase by 2050. Globally and 25% in Europe, up to 51% of the entire population. These changes can also be observed in Poland, where declining number of births and marriages, and a shift in the average age of reproduction. In 2002 he was reached level 14% of people of retirement age in the total population of the country which is considered the limit for the completion of the aging population. GUS expected number of people of retirement age will increase from 6, 5 million in 2010 to 9, 6 million in 2035, which would represent 26, 7% of the total population. The aging process has a multifaceted dimension; medical, psychological, social, ethical and deserves special attention in the era of political and socio-economic. From the point of view of gerontopedagogiki, old age is a period of life in which man can live actively pursuing their interests, participate in social activities, educate and serve their knowledge and experience. Already Helena Radlińska (creator of special education in Poland 1935.) And Aleksander Kaminski emphasized the need to take action care centers for the elderly. They believed that social pedagogy must take issues such as the implementation of elderly people to new behaviors and accept old age, and the launch facilities intended for the elderly, where they could spend their free time actively.

7

Rzecz o starszych kobietach. Presbytera i presbytis w listach pasterskich (1 Tm 5,2; Tt 2,3)

93%

Rambiert-Kwaśniewska A.

Theologica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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vol. 10. Widoki na starość. Interdyscyplinarne studia gerontologiczne

151-160

EN

The laws associated with aged women in the New Testament usually refer to widows. Two authors of Pastoral Epistles are trying to fill this gap, formulating generic imperatives. What is suprising in these imperatives is the terminology connected with aged women: presbytis (Tit. 2:3) and presbytera (1 Tim. 5:2). The morphological similarity of these terms with the well-known word "presbyter", preaches in a way that one suspects indicates not only age but also function. By analysis of preserved inscriptions - from Ephesus, where Timothy exercised his ministry, and from Crete connected with the Letter to Titus - we come to the conclusion that in local Jewish communities the office of female-presbyters is well known. These monuments shed a new light on the more difficult verses of Pastoral Epistles and pave the way for new interpretation, assuming that groups of aged women were part of the community of elders, or they were leaders. The existence of this practice is also provided by Epiphanius and the 11th Canon of the Synod of Laodicea.

8

Wiek jako przesłanka zachowań wspierających efektywność organizacji

93%

Paliga M., Kożusznik B., Pollak A., Smorczewska B., Adamek D.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2015

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issue 2(17)

45-54

EN

Focus on achieving better results requires the participation of employees in an effort to objectives and involvement in the search for innovation and develop adaptability (Chwalibóg 2013). The aim of the re- search is to present how age differentiate the level of organizational citizenship behaviors and behaviors based on the regulation of impact and deinfluentization. Results of statistical analysis confirmed the differences of the level of organizational citizenship behaviors and behaviors based on the regulation of impact and deinfluentization among employees in various age. Conducted analysis might be helpful for further research on the importance of social factors for the growth of the organization’s efficiency.

9

Relationships between Anxiety Sensitivity of Academics and Some Variables such as Gender, Age and Personality

93%

Yazici H.

The New Educational Review

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2013

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vol. 34

19-29

EN

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been defined as the fear of symptoms of anxiety. AS is connected with psychological and demographic variables. The author of this study sought to examine the relationships among academic staffs’ gender, age and AS with a sample of 355 practicing academic staff (female=133, male=222). Results showed that female academic staff have greater AS than their male colleagues. Results also revealed statistically significant relationships between age, moving away from social activities and AS. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

10

Strategie zachowań konsumpcyjnych seniorów na rynku dóbr i usług konsumpcyjnych

93%

Bylok F.

Problemy Zarządzania

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2013

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issue 1/2013 (40) t.1

123-142

PL

Przedmiotem analizy niniejszego opracowania uczyniono zachowania konsumpcyjne osób starszych. Autor szuka odpowiedzi na pytania: Jaka jest specyfika zachowań seniorów na rynku dóbr i usług? Jakie czynniki determinują zachowania konsumpcyjne seniorów? Jakie typy zachowań nabywczych są najczęściej spotykane wśród emerytów i rencistów? Szukając odpowiedzi na te pytania, wskazano, że wiek jest ważną determinantą różnicującą konsumpcję. Skupiono się na analizie wybranych klasyfikacji konsumentów seniorów, wskazując na trudność w budowie typologii tej kategorii nabywców. Poddano analizie wybrane cechy konsumentów seniorów. W celu przedstawienia specyfiki tej kategorii konsumentów przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych nad zachowaniami konsumpcyjnymi seniorów na rynku dóbr i usług. Zidentyfikowano najważniejsze czynniki ekonomiczne, społeczne i indywidualne determinujące zachowanie konsumpcyjne osób starszych.

EN

In the paper entitled: “Strategy of consumer behavior of the elderly on the market of consumer foods and services” the subject matter for analysis was deemed to be the consumer behavior of the elderly. The author is searching for the answer to the following questions: What are the specifics of the behavior of the elderly on the market of foods and services? What are the factors determining the consumer behavior of the elderly? What types of purchasing behavior are most frequently encountered among retirees? In searching for the answers to these questions, it was indicated that age is an important determinant in the variation of consumption. There is a focus on the analysis of the selected classification of elderly consumers indicating the difficulty in building the typology of this category of purchasers. Analysis was also carried out on the selected features of elderly consumers. With the aim of presenting the specifics of the category of elderly consumers, the results of personal research on the consumer behavior of elderly consumers on the market of goods and services were indicated. The most significant economic, social and individual factors determining the consumer behavior of elderly people have been identified.

11

Age and Accent - Changes in a Southern Welsh English Accent

93%

Podhovnik E.

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2010

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vol. 8

1-18

EN

This paper describes the accent of Neath (South Wales) from a socio-dialectological perspective and deals with changes in the accent which are due to the non-linguistic factor age. In a direct interview with indirect questioning, 27 informants from Neath were recorded for the investigation of the English spoken in Neath. Based on the life-stage approach, the 27 informants are divided into three age-groups, representing adolescents, younger adults, and older adults respectively. The data is described using Well's lexical sets and analysed statistically to show correlations between age and linguistic variants. The percentage with which some variants are realised in the key-words varies by up to 60 per cent. The realisations of STRUT, BATH and START, FACE/STAY, GOAT/SNOW, NEAR, CURE, PLAYER, emPLOYER, FIRE, POWER, and the consonants /r/, /l/, and word final in participles and gerunds have changed throughout age.

12

Age and Accent - Changes in a Southern Welsh English Accent

93%

Podhovnik E.

Research in Language

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2010

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vol. 8

23-40

EN

This paper describes the accent of Neath (South Wales) from a socio-dialectological perspective and deals with changes in the accent which are due to the non-linguistic factor age. In a direct interview with indirect questioning, 27 informants from Neath were recorded for the investigation of the English spoken in Neath. Based on the life-stage approach, the 27 informants are divided into three age-groups, representing adolescents, younger adults, and older adults respectively. The data is described using Well's lexical sets and analysed statistically to show correlations between age and linguistic variants. The percentage with which some variants are realised in the key-words varies by up to 60 per cent. The realisations of STRUT, BATH and START, FACE/STAY, GOAT/SNOW, NEAR, CURE, PLAYER, emPLOYER, FIRE, POWER, and the consonants /r/, /l/, and word final in participles and gerunds have changed throughout age.

13

EAS Temperament Traits, Gender, Age and Religious Fundamentalism in a Polish Sample

81%

Oniszczenko W., Stanisławiak E., Dąbrowska A. D.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2014

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vol. 45

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issue 1

64-68

EN

This is a study of the relationship between EAS temperament traits, age and gender, and religious fundamentalism in an adult Polish sample. Participants were sampled from among people who tended towards secularisation. A total of 902 participants, including 551 women and 351 men, aged 18 to 58 (M=27.73; SD=7.40) were studied. Participants were students in a variety of university faculties and adults with higher education representing a variety of professions. They all lived in the Warsaw area. Temperament was assessed with Buss and Plomin’s EAS Temperament Survey. Religious fundamentalism was assessed using Altemeyer and Hunsberger’s Religious Fundamentalism Scale (short, revised version). The level of religious fundamentalism was found to be associated with the temperament traits of sociability and anger. All three variables decrease in intensity with age. Women have higher levels of religious fundamentalism than men.

14

Age-related variability in buccal dental-microwear in Middle and Upper Pleistocene human populations

81%

Pérez B., Romero A., Pérez-Pérez A.

Anthropological Review

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2011

1-13

EN

Infants are thought to present a different buccal microwear pattern than adults and these, therefore, are generally analyzed separately. However, El-Zaatari & Hublin [2009] showed that occlusal texture in Neandertal and modern human juvenile populations did not differ from their elders. The microwear patterns of a sample of 193 teeth, corresponding to 61 individuals ofHomo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensisand anatomically modern humans (AMH), were analyzed revealing that AMH infants up to 14 years old differ from older individuals in having fewer scratch densities, whereas the Neandertals have a much more variable microwear pattern. Age-at-death and dental age since emergence showed similar though somewhat diverging results, especially in the infant and subadult samples. Differences observed between the Neandertals and modern humans could be reflecting differential wearing patterns or distinct enamel structure and resistance to hard food items consumption. Interpopulation differences in striation densities were not apparent in either subadult or adult individuals, only adult Neandertals (26-45 yrs. old) showed fewer striations than the younger age groups. The AMH sample revealed a gradual cumulative pattern of striation density with age, suggestive of a non-abrupt change in diet.

PL

Policzkowe mikrostarcie zębów wykazuje charakterystyczne, trwałe i zależne od diety cechy. Na materiałach historycznych wykazano [Pérez-Pérezet al.1994], że w analizie trzeba uwzględniać również wiek osobnika, szczególnie u dzieci, które mają zarówno zęby mleczne, jak i świeżo wyrżnięte zęby stałe. W populacjach górnoplejstoceńskich zbadano jednak tylko mikrostarcie na zgryzowych powierzchniach zębów. Ostatnio El-Zaatari & Hublin [2009] stwierdzili brak związanych z wiekiem różnic w nierównościach szkliwa, i to zarówno w populacjach neandertalskich, jak i u człowieka anatomicznie nowoczesnego (AMH), wobec czego grupy reprezentowane zębami mlecznymi można analizować łącznie ze stałymi [Gamza 2010].Dla populacji historycznych wykazano, że wzór mikrostarcia stabilizuje się około 13 roku życia, niezależnie od zęba (m2, M1, M2). Nie próbowano jednak badać procesu tej stabilizacji u prehistorycznych łowców-zbieraczy. Celem tej pracy jest ustalenie, w jakim wieku wzór policzkowego mikrostarcia stabilizuje się u środkowo- i górnoplejstoceńskich osobników i przetestowanie różnic między wzorem mikrostarcia u dorosłych oraz u dzieci i osobników dorastających. Badana próba zawierała 836 wysokiej rozdzielczości odlewów zębowych, dostępnych na uniwersytecie w Barcelonie. Zęby należały do 174 osobników z trzech populacji:Homo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensisiH. sapiens(AMH). Zęby, na których nie zachowało się policzkowe mikrostarcie lub od osobników o nieustalonym wieku wyeliminowano, podobnie jak wszystkie zęby przednie. Ostatecznie próba liczyła 193 zęby 59 osobników. Wiek zębowy od momentu wyrżnięcia obliczano za Skinnerem [1997]. Dla AMH wiek wyrzynania przyjmowano za Ubelakerem [1979] i Williamsem [2006], a dlaH. neanderthalensisiH. heidelbergensis- za Gramat & Heim [2003].Powierzchnie policzkowe zębów były skanowane SEM zgodnie ze standardową procedurą [Pérez-Pérezet al.2003, Galbanyet al.2009]. Z obrazów SEM wycięte zostały fragmenty szkliwa o powierzchni 0,56 mm2, na których zliczano rysy przy pomocy półautomatycznego oprogramowania. Uwzględniano gęstość, długość i odchylenie standardowe długości wszystkich zauważonych prążków w kategoriach ich orientacji (pionowe, poziome, mezjo-dystalne i dysto-mezjalne oraz wszystkich orientacji łącznie. Przedstawiana analiza dotyczy jednak tylko ogólnej gęstości prążkowania. W analizie statystycznej wykorzystano SPSS 15.Poniewaz gęstość prążkowania ma rozkład normalny, do porównań międzygrupowych zastosowano testy parametryczne (ANOVA). We wszystkich trzech badanych populacjach osobniki w wieku poniżej 5 lat wykazywały gęstość prążków podobną do osobników dorosłych. Choć u neandertalczyków w wieku 6-13 lat gęstość prążkowania wyraźnie malała, co mogło korespondować z wyrzynaniem się M1, w grupie AMH dzieci miały rzadsze prążki niż starsze osobniki i wykazywały ciągły wzrost gęstości z wiekiem. Zmienność mikrostarcia u osobników w wieku dziecięcym może być związana z procesem przechodzenia na pokarm stały, który u AMH polegał na stopniowym włączaniu do diety twardszych składników, jak również obróbki termicznej [Hadingham 1979, Pfeiffer 1986, Nakazawaet al.2009].Z tej pracy płyną następujące wnioski: Wzór policzkowego mikrostarcia jest charakterystyczny dla każdej populacji i odzwierciedla długotrwałe zwyczaje żywieniowe. Uwzględniać należy wiek w chwili śmierci, szczególnie dla osobników przed 13 rokiem życia. Przejście od diety dziecięcej na dorosłą mogło zachodzić stopniowo u AMH, podczas gdy u neandertalczyka wcześnie ujawnia się wzrost gęstości prążków, prawdopodobnie odzwierciedlając przechodzenie na dietę z produktami wywołującymi większą abrazję. Zmienność wewnątrzpopulacyjna - czasowa, geograficzna i klimatyczna - może oznaczać, że te czynniki mogły wpływać na dostępność różnych składników pokarmu.

15

The influence of demographic indicators on corruption perception in Slovenia

81%

Borošak M., Šumah Š.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2019

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issue 20

81-92

EN

The attitude to corruption and the perception of it (as well as the acceptance or rejection of corruption) depends largely on the customs and traditions in a particular country, with the causes of corruption deriving from the political, economic, social conditions of a particular country and from the historical development, customs and culture. However, the demographic indicators must not be ignored. The existing researches thus show that the perception of corruption, at least to some extent, depends on gender (women are supposedly less corrupt and perceive corruption more; age and education). For the purpose of this article, the influence of demographic indicators (gender, age) on the perception of corruption in Slovenia was researched. The results were compared with the already known researches and it was determined that there are no statistically significant differences in the perception of corruption with regard to gender and age, which shows that Slovenia, in view of the specifics of the corruption perception (although the corruption perception is high in Slovenia), differs from other countries in which researches took place.

16

Coping Strategies and COVID-19 Prevalence Among University Students Learning in the Online and Blended Mode

81%

Markiewicz K., Kaczmarek B. L. J., Oryshchyn-Buzhdyhan L.

The New Educational Review

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2022

|

vol. 68

223-234

EN

The study assessed whether students who contracted COVID-19 and did not fall ill differed in coping strategies. The study comprised 111 participants, including 55.9% who were infected and 44.1% who were not. It consisted of online (49.5%) and blended mode learners (50.5%) aged 19 to 31. We used the Brief COPE Inventory to assess ways of coping with stress. Among online students, 65.5% fell ill, while less than half of blended mode learners got sick. Students who contracted COVID-19 were more likely to use maladaptive coping strategies, and respondents who did not become ill were more likely to use adaptive strategies.

17

The effect of age and personality on the main cognitive processes in drivers

81%

Biernacki M., Tarnowski A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

|

issue 4

367-379

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of how the decline of cognitive abilities caused by aging is moderated by biologically determined personality dimensions: Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E). Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with the participation of 160 men in good physical health, professional drivers, aged 20–70 (Mean = 40, SD = 11). Personality traits were measured using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R), while Ravens Progressive Matrices, Go/noGo Task and Peripheral Perception Test were used to evaluate cognitive processes. The score of Ravens Progressive Matrices was treated as a control variable. Results: The results of the study, based on a Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis, indicate that besides the intelligence level, age is the best predictor of cognitive functioning level and that this infl uence is additionally moderated by the N trait level as well as, less frequently, by the interaction of age and E. Conclusion: This means that high N trait level increases the infl uence of age on cognitive functions decline. When the N trait level was low, the age differences in measures of cognitive performance were not signifi cant. Thus, the level of N trait may play an important role in the process of cognitive aging. The results are discussed in the context of a driving safety research.

18

Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs' executives in the comparative perspective for Czechia and Turkey

81%

Ključnikov A., Civelek M., Čech P., Kloudová J.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2019

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vol. 10

|

issue 4

773-795

EN

Research background: The executives of SMEs that have higher innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy dynamize the strategic posture of SMEs, thus, those firms can reach better financial and economic conditions. However, existence of many differences among countries, such as cultural values and market conditions, can cause variations in EO of these executives. Therefore, this fact can be one of the reasons why the performance and financial power of SMEs differ in various countries. Purpose of the article: This study aspires to find out the differences in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of younger and older, female and male, and more and less educated executives of SMEs from various countries. Methods: 1141 Czech and 479 Turkish executives were analyzed separately by the Mann-Whitney U test, to find out the differences in EO. The researcher ran the analyzes by SPSS Statistical Software. Findings & Value added: The results indicate that risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness of the executives differ regarding their gender, while innovativeness, proactiveness and autonomy do not. While there are significant differences between proactiveness, autonomy and innovativeness of older and younger executives, no differences exist in risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness. Regarding educational status, more educated executives perform better in innovativeness, proactiveness and autonomy, while less educated executives have higher propensities in risk taking and competitive aggressiveness. Masculinity, fear of failure, perception of obstacles, motivation of SMEs' executives and location of businesses might be the reasons of these results. By including the survey respondents from different countries and all dimensions of EO into the analyses, this study finds similarities and differences in gender, age and education levels and of SMEs' executives and their EO. This research also suggests some policies for governments and institutions to close the gap between EO of the executives. These facts not only make this research to unique, but also constitute a valuable addition to the literature.

19

Drivers’ Age, Gender, Driving Experience, and Aggressiveness as Predictors of Aggressive Driving Behaviour

81%

Perepjolkina V., Reņģe V.

|

2011

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vol. 4

|

issue 1

62-72

EN

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the problem of aggressive driving. In the present study two demographic variables (gender and age), two non-psychological driving-experience related variables (annual mileage and legal driving experience in years) and aggressiveness as a personality trait (including behavioural and affective components) as psychological variable of individual differences were examined as potential predictors of aggressive driving. The aim of the study was to find out the best predictors of aggressive driving behaviour. The study was based on an online survey, and 228 vehicle drivers in Latvia participated in it. The questionnaire included eight-item Aggressive Driving Scale (Bone & Mowen, 2006), short Latvian version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992), and questions gaining demographic and driving experience information. Gender, age and annual mileage predicted aggressive driving: being male, young and with higher annual driving exposure were associated with higher scores on aggressive driving. Dispositional aggressiveness due to anger component was a significant predictor of aggressive diving score. Physical aggression and hostility were unrelated to aggressive driving. Altogether, the predictors explained a total of 28% of the variance in aggressive driving behaviour. Findings show that dispositional aggressiveness, especially the anger component, as well as male gender, young age and higher annual mileage has a predictive validity in relation to aggressive driving. There is a need to extend the scope of potential dispositional predictors pertinent to driving aggression.

20

Analysis of Relationships between the Personality Traits and Value Preferences in a Polish Early Adolescent Sample. Do Gender and Age Play a Role?

81%

Łubianka B., Filipiak S.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2023

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issue 2(140)

103-125

EN

This paper presents an analysis of the personality traits and value preferences of Polish early adolescent students. Participants were 775 adolescents between 12-14 years (53% girls; Mage= 13.01; SD= 0.81), who completed two surveys: Picture-Based Personality Survey for Children and PictureBased Value Survey for Children. Fourteen-year-old adolescents preferred more Power values and less Tradition and Conformity values than 12- and 13-year-olds. They were also less open to experience and conscientious than their younger counterparts. 14-year-old girls had a stronger preference for Power and Achievement values and a weaker preference for Conformity values than 12-year-old girls. 14-year-old boys preferred more Traditional values than 12-year-old boys. Both 14-year-old girls and boys were less conscientious than the younger adolescents. A regression analysis with an interaction effect indicated that each age group had different relationships between gender and personality traits and their interactions with the particular value categories. The results are discussed in the context of possible practical rearing influence aimed at supporting young, preferred values and personality development in the context of education.

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