Search results

1

Environmental Monitoring System of the City of Słupsk – Quality and Cleanliness of Air

100%

Rogowski K., Diemientiew G.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2020

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vol. 34(34)

216-231

EN

Recent studies and reports on cleanliness and quality of air indicate that Poland belongs to a group of European Union countries where air pollution is at one of the highest levels. Low air quality in many areas of Poland should be considered not only in the context of environmental destruction, but also in the context of the developmental negligence of the country in the context of the care of ecology. This article summarizes the results of research into the scale of threats regarding air quality occurring locally in the city of Słupsk. The paper also discusses the scale of air pollution-related risks and their consequences for the life and health of the individual.

2

Air quality as respiratory health indicator - a critical review

100%

Moshammer H., Wallner P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

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issue 3

241-248

EN

As part of the European Public Health project IMCA II validity and practicability of “air pollution” as a respiratory health indicator were analyzed. The definitions of air quality as an indicator proposed by the WHO project ECOEHIS and by IMCA I were compared. The public availability of the necessary data was checked through access to web-based data-bases. Practicability and interpretation of the indicator were discussed with project partners and external experts. Air quality serves as a kind of benchmark for the good health-related environmental policy. In this sense, it is a relevant health indicator. Although air quality is not directly in the responsibility of health policy, its vital importance for the population’s health should not be neglected. In principle, data is available to calculate this IMCA indicator for any chosen area in Europe. The indicator is relevant and informative, but calculation and interpretation need input from local expert knowledge. The European health policy is well advised to take air quality into account. To that end, an interdisciplinary approach is warranted. The proposed definition of air quality as a (respiratory) health indicator is workable, but correct interpretation depends on expert and local knowledge.

3

Models of the Impact of Road Transport in Air Quality Management System

100%

Królikowski J., Wodzińska J.

Logistics and Transport

|

2013

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vol. 20

29-36

EN

The paper presents categorization of models used in environmental monitoring taking into account the factors of emissions into the air, and the impact of road transport emissions. The information collected was related to the share of road transport in the creation of the emission in the Lodz region, analyzed as a case study. Types of substances were classified according to their harmfulness and intensity derived from traffic sources. Particular attention has been given to the issue of dispersion models used in environmental monitoring, the practice of their use and suitability for road transport.

4

The role of open-air inhalatoria in the air quality improvement in spa towns

100%

Burkowska-But A., Kalwasińska A., Brzezinska M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 4

560-570

EN

Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating microbiological contamination of air in Ciechocinek and Inowrocław – Polish lowland spa towns. Additionally, the impact of open-air inhalatoria on the quality of air was evaluated. Material and Methods: Air samples were collected seasonally in the urban areas, in the recreation areas and in the vicinity of inhalatoria in both towns using impaction. The numbers of mesophilic bacteria, staphylococci, hemolytic bacteria and actinomycetes were determined on media according to the Polish Standard PN-86/Z-04111/02. The number of moulds was determined on media according to the Polish Standard PN-86/Z-04111/03. Results: While the highest numbers of microorganisms were noted at the sites located in the urban areas, the lowest numbers were noted in the vicinity of the open-air inhalatoria. In all the investigated air samples the values of bioaerosol concentrations were below the recommended TLVs (≤ 5000 CFU×m⁻³ for both bacteria and fungi in outdoor environments). Location of the sampling site was invariably a decisive factor in determining the number of microorganisms in the air. Conclusions: The aerosol which is formed in the open-air inhalatoria has a positive influence on microbiological air quality. Owing to a unique microclimate and low air contamination, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław comply with all necessary requirements set for health resorts specializing in treating upper respiratory tract infections.

5

Problemy ze smogiem w Europie – wspólny raport o jakości powietrza

88%

Dudek W.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2019

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vol. 64

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issue 3 (386)

51-57

XX

Air pollution is the reason for huge damages to European Union citizens’ health. Every year, some 400,000 Europeans die prematurely as a result of excessive levels of such substances as suspended dust, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. It is despite the fact that the EU legal regulations on the permissible values of air pollutants have been in force for almost thirty years. In order to broaden the knowledge of air pollution as well as the ways to implement and the effectiveness of the policy on air protection in individual Member States, the Supreme Audit Office and the Netherlands Court of Audit coordinated the largest international audit in the field of environmental protection in the history of the European Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions – EUROSAI. The audit resulted in a joint audit report on air quality, based on the findings of the audits conducted in the countries that participated in this project.

6

Mediální reflexe životního prostředí Ostravska

88%

Herot P.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2012

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vol. 10

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issue 2

20-29

EN

The publication dissects media perception of environmental issues within Ostrava region. Media are those who pick the stories edit them and throughout their agenda make shifts in ideas of individuals. In 2010 we have experienced skyrocketing of the media coverage of environmental issues related to Ostrava region, mostly attributed by reporting on air pollution. As available researches witnessed, there is a tight relation in public minds in between City of Ostrava, Ostrava region and Moravian-Silesian Region. This fact makes the research easier in the way we could often take in Moravian-Silesian Region figures as to be valid for the City of Ostrava as well as for Ostrava region and vice versa. The objective of the paper is to prove a hypothesis, that media have retained the coverage intensity of a given topic as they did in 2010.

7

Polityka tworzenia prawa w zakresie poprawy jakości powietrza w Polsce a interesy przedsiębiorstw

88%

Machowicz K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 4 (377)

167-176

EN

The aim of the article is to identify the economic factors that exert a real impact on the shape of the policy of law-making to improve air quality. This objective can be achieved by verifying the following hypotheses: - the sources of the penetration of environmental issues into politics are not homogeneous; - pro-quality political decisions and legal solutions to improve air quality can promote the interests of economic operators. The theoretical findings of this article are based on a critical analysis of the literature of the subject, a descriptive method, the exegesis of normative acts of generally applicable law, as well as an analysis of administrative and judicial case law. The decline in air quality is one of the negative effects of global development. An important element of counteracting this phenomenon is a properly conducted policy of law-creation. The aim of the article is to identify the economic drivers which have a real impact on policy of law creation to improve air quality. Multicentricity of decision-making is currently not limited only to political circles. While in the case of institutionalized political circles, the assessment of the course of decision-making processes may be based on measurable foundations, it is difficult to grasp the role of active subjects in the economy due to the diverse organizational status and dispersed nature and motivation of their activities. However, the state's income from the taxes remains an important background for the air quality policy of law-creation. In addition, the multicentricity of decision-making centres implies an increasing complexity of decision-making processes also in terms of their overlap.

8

Wartościowanie jakości powietrza atmosferycznego w Polsce – badanie stałości preferencji w czasie

75%

Ligus M.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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vol. 1(85)

PL

Ekonomia neoklasyczna, stanowiąca podstawę analizy kosztów i korzyści, rozwinęła koncepcję subiektywnej teorii wartości na podstawie użyteczności dobra dla konsumenta. Stąd też możliwość wyceny dóbr nierynkowych, w tym środowiskowych, a także przejście od metod bazujących na cenach rynkowych, do metod bazujących na funkcjach popytu i podaży. Z subiektywnej teorii wartości wynika również to, że wartość dobra oparta na gotowości do zapłaty (willingness to pay – WTP) jest wartością zmienną w czasie. W związku z tym, niezmiernie istotne wydaje się dokonanie oceny stałości preferencji, a co za tym idzie, oceny przydatności wycen dóbr i usług środowiskowych opracowanych w przeszłości w celu kształtowania polityki środowiskowej oraz programów inwestycyjnych ex ante. Celowi temu ma służyć porównanie badań pierwotnych metodą wyceny warunkowej (contingent valuation method – CVM) zrealizowanych w 2007 roku i w 2015 roku, dotyczących wartościowania jakości powietrza w Polsce. Oba badania zostały przeprowadzone na ogólnopolskiej próbie dorosłych mieszkańców Polski (wynoszącej 1000 osób) metodą wywiadu bezpośredniego. Badania zlecono ośrodkom badania rynku i opinii publicznej. Średnia WTP z badania z 2015 roku, po uwzględnieniu wskaźnika inflacji i wzrostu PKB, nadal jest o 3,121 zł wyższa. Daje to średnioroczny wzrost wartości średniej WTP między 2007 a 2015 rokiem o 1,79%. Wydaje się, że ten realny przyrost średniej gotowości do zapłaty za czyste powietrze jest wyrazem zmiany preferencji i wzrostu świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa.

EN

Neoclassical economics, which is the basis for cost-benefit analysis (CBA), developed the concept of subjective value theory, based on the utility of a good for the consumer. Hence, the possibility of valuation of non-market goods, including environmental ones, and transition from methods based on market prices to behavioural linkage methods. The subjective theory of value implies that the value of goods, based on the willingness to pay (WTP), changes over time. It seems, therefore, extremely important to assess the stability of preferences, and thus reconsider the suitability of valuations of environmental goods and services developed in the past for the development of environmental policies and investment programmes ex ante. The purpose of the paper is to compare the results of primary research conducted by the author by means of the contingent valuation method (CVM) in 2007 and 2015, and test the stability of preferences in time. Both studies were held on a nation-wide random sample of 1,000 adults. Face to face interviews were carried out by a professional polling agency. The main goal of the research was to find a household’s average monthly willingness to pay for improved air quality in Poland. The result is that, after taking into account inflation and GDP growth, the mean total WTP from the survey held in 2015 is about 3,121 PLN higher. This means an average annual increase in the average WTP between 2007 and 2015 of 1.79% per annum. It seems that the real growth of the average WTP for clean air is an expression of the social preferences and increased environmental awareness.

9

The State of Air in the European Union and Quality of Europeans’ Life

75%

Sakson-Boulet A.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

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issue 4

117-130

EN

This article aims to present the impact of air pollution on the quality of life of EU residents. With the aid of institutional-legal and statistical analysis an attempt has been undertaken to answer the following research questions: 1) negative concentrations whose pollution exceeds norms set out at EU levels, 2) causes of above-norm pollution concentrations and 3) impact of pollution on the health of Europeans. During the conducted research it was demonstrated that the quality of life of Europeans is being lowered by a continuing above-norm concentration of air pollution whose exposure is related to people feeling worse, numerous diseases related to the breathing system, circulation, nervous and even reproductive system as well as increased death rate and shortening of life expectancy. The estimated number of premature deaths in 2014 resulting from exposure to fine dust, ozone and carbon dioxide in the EU amounted to 487,600. As the investigation shows, the best quality of life, taking into consideration air quality, is afforded by Finland, Ireland and Sweden.

10

Impact of air pollution on depression and suicide

75%

Gładka A., Rymaszewska J., Zatoński T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2018

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vol. 31

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issue 6

711-721

EN

Air pollution is one of the greatest public health threats worldwide. All substances appearing in excessive quantities in the atmosphere, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides or sulphur oxides may be its ingredients. Depending on their size and nature, these compounds may cause greater risk of suffering from respiratory or cardiovascular diseases for exposed people as well as exacerbation and increased mortality due to these illnesses. Smaller particles may penetrate the brain’s blood barrier and thus affect the central nervous system. In many studies, they have been shown to have negative effects on brain structure, like diminishing white matter or neuronal degeneration, leading to the earlier onset of Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. Nevertheless, there are reports of association of air pollution with mood disorders, depression, and even suicide. There are many risk factors for these conditions, most important of which are the social situation or chronic diseases. However, it has also been confirmed that the environment may affect mental health. This article will present experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies on exposure to air pollution and its impact on depressive disorders and suicide. Our goal is to determine the relationship between air pollution and incidence of depression and suicides. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):711–721

11

Health Impact Assessment of an oil drilling project in California

75%

McCallum L. C., Souweine K., McDaniel M., Koppe B., McFarland C., Butler K., Ollson C. A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 2

229-253

EN

Objectives The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was conducted to evaluate the potential community health implications of a proposed oil drilling and production project in Hermosa Beach, California. The HIA considered 17 determinants of health that fell under 6 major categories (i.e., air quality, water and soil quality, upset conditions, noise and light emissions, traffic, and community livability). Material and Methods This paper attempts to address some of the gaps within the HIA practice by presenting the methodological approach and results of this transparent, comprehensive HIA; specifically, the evaluation matrix and decision-making framework that have been developed for this HIA and form the basis of the evaluation and allow for a clear conclusion to be reached in respect of any given health determinant (i.e., positive, negative, neutral). Results There is a number of aspects of the project that may positively influence health (e.g., increased education funding, ability to enhance green space), and at the same time there have been potential negative effects identified (e.g., odor, blowouts, property values). Except for upset conditions, the negative health outcomes have been largely nuisance-related (e.g., odor, aesthetics) without irreversible health impacts. The majority of the health determinants, that had been examined, have revealed that the project would have no substantial effect on the health of the community. Conclusions Using the newly developed methodology and based on established mitigation measures and additional recommendations provided in the HIA, the authors have concluded that the project will have no substantial effect on community health. This approach and methodology will assist practitioners, stakeholders and decision-makers in advancing the HIA as a useful, reproducible, and informative tool.

12

Microbiological characterization of stable resuspended dust

75%

Kováts N., Horváth E., Jancsek-Turóczi B., Hoffer A., Gelencsér A., Urbán P., Kiss Í. E., Bihari Z., Fekete C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

|

issue 3

375-380

EN

Objectives Air quality in the stables is characterized by elevated level of dust and aeroallergens which are supposed to directly cause or exacerbate several respiratory disorders. The most often recognized problem is recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), previously known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is some indication that aeroallergens (among them endotoxins) may also cause inflammation in human airways and may exceed safe levels in stables. Monitoring studies have covered mainly the determination of the concentration of respirable particles and of culturable fungi and their toxins. However, these particles do not only directly affect the respiratory system, but might act as a carrier conveying toxic contaminants and biological agents such as bacteria. In a typical, 20-horse Hungarian stable, microbial community of respirable fraction of resuspended dust has been characterized to reveal if these particles convey hazardous pathogenic bacteria, posing risk to either horses or staff. Material and Methods Resuspended dust was sampled using a mobile instrument. The instrument contains a PARTISOL-FRM model 2000 sampler that was operated at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min and a cyclone separator which collected the particulate matter with an aerodynamic size between 1 μm and 10 μm (PM 1–10) fraction. Microbial taxa were identified by culture-independent next generation sequencing (NGS) of variable 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene regions. Results In total, 1491 different taxa were identified, of them 384 were identified to species level, 961 to genus level. The sample was dominated by common ubiquitous soil and organic material-dwelling taxa. Conclusions Pathogens occurred at low abundance, and were represented by mostly facultative human pathogens, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus species.

13

Worldwide associations between air quality and health end-points: Are they meaningful?

75%

Wallner P., Hutter H. P., Moshammer H.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

|

issue 5

716-721

EN

Objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) provides data on national indices of health, environment and economy. When we were asked, why air pollution is negatively correlated with cancer mortality, our first response (presumably the mortality data are not age-adjusted) was not sufficient to explain the paradox. Material and Methods: A table including all-cause, cancer and childhood mortality, life expectancy, gross national product per person, smoking prevalence, physician density and particulate matter (PM₁₀) per country (N = 193) was developed. For explorative purposes weighted cross-sectional multiple linear regressions models were built. Results: Air pollution is positively correlated with infant and overall mortality and negatively with life expectancy. This might not only depict a true causal effect of PM₁₀ because air quality is also an indicator of a country’s prosperity and general state of environment. Cancer mortality is negatively correlated with PM₁₀. However, this association turns positive when economic or health system indicators are controlled. Conclusions: The World Health Organization’s world-wide data sets demonstrate the large disparity of our world. A careful and professional approach is needed as interpretation is difficult, especially for lay persons. Therefore, with publicly available data WHO should also provide interpretation and guidance.

14

The Clean Air Priority Programme – Evaluation and Perspectives

71%

Sakson-Boulet A.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

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2020

|

issue 1

171-192

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena efektywności programu priorytetowego „Czyste Powietrze” oraz określenie ewentualnych zagrożeń dla jego powodzenia. Program Narodowego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej stanowi istotny element rządowego programu o tej samej nazwie. W artykule, przy zastosowaniu analizy instytucjonalno-prawnej, decyzyjnej i ilościowej, podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: 1) czy realizacja sformułowanego w programie celu może przełożyć się na poprawę jakości powietrza w Polsce?; 2) czy i jakie bariery stoją na drodze do osiągnięcia celu programu?; 3) czy program „Czyste Powietrze” wymaga kolejnych korekt? W związku z wysoką energochłonnością jednorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych w Polsce, która zazwyczaj prowadzi do wykorzystania przez ich właścicieli najtańszych i emitujących dużo zanieczyszczeń paliw do ogrzewania, cele programu należy ocenić pozytywnie. W toku przeprowadzonych rozważań wykazano jednak, że ich realizacja ograniczona jest trzema rodzajami barier: 1) związanymi ze sprawną dystrybucją środków; 2) trudnościami dla potencjalnych beneficjentów wynikających z konstrukcji programu; 3) potencjalnymi ograniczeniami w dostępie do finansowania ze środków unijnych. W związku ze zidentyfikowaniem zagrożeń dla powodzenia programu, należy oczekiwać wprowadzenia dalszych zmian jego funkcjonowania oraz zabezpieczenia środków na finansowanie termomodernizacji i wymiany źródeł ogrzewania.

EN

The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Clean Air Priority Programme and to establish possible threats to its success. The National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management’s programme constitutes an important element of the government programme that goes by the same name. This study, with the aid of an institutional-legal, decision-making and quantitative analysis will undertake to answer the following research questions: (1) can the realisation of the aim formulated in this programme result in an improvement of air quality in Poland?; (2) what, if any, barriers stand in the way of achieving the programme’s aims?; (3) does the Clean Air Programme require further changes? On account of the high energy consumption of Polish homes, which typically results in their owners heating them with the cheapest fuels, emitting significant amounts of pollution, should the programme aims be assessed positively? In the process of discussions however, three types of barriers have come to light: (1) those related to the effective distribution of funds, (2) difficulties arising from programme frameworks that potential beneficiaries might encounter, and (3) potential limitations in the access to EU funding. On account of threats to the success of the programme that have been identified, it is expected that further changes to its functioning will be introduced as well as the ring-fencing of funds for thermo-modernisation and change of heating systems.

15

Ambient Air Pollution as a Human Security Challenge in Poland

63%

Sakson-Boulet A.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

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2020

|

issue 1

95-110

EN

The aim of this paper is to identify the scale of ambient air pollution in Poland and to assess the threats it poses to human security. Answering the research questions posed: (1) the concentrations of which pollutants pose the greatest threat to the life and health of Poles, and what are the sources of their emissions?; (2) what acts of law have been introduced by the national authorities in order to ensure that air quality conforms to European standards as concerns the pollutants posing the greatest threat to the life and health of Poles?; (3) are the solutions adopted sufficient, and if not – what course of action should be taken into account to ensure human safety in terms of clean air? leads to the conclusion that low quality air is among the major environmental threats to Polish people. Admittedly, the constitutional duty of the public authorities to take adequate measures aimed at limiting the level of air pollution and its negative effect on human life has not fulfilled at a sufficient level yet.

PL

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja skali zanieczyszczenia powietrza zewnętrznego w Polsce oraz ocena zagrożeń, jakie stwarza ono dla bezpieczeństwa jednostki ludzkiej. Odpowiedzi na postawione pytania badawcze: (1) stężenia których zanieczyszczeń stanowią największe zagrożenie dla życia i zdrowia Polaków oraz jakie są źródła ich emisji?; (2) jakie działania podejmowane są przez władze centralne w celu zagwarantowania jakości powietrza zgodnej ze standardami europejskimi w odniesieniu do zanieczyszczeń stwarzających największe zagrożenie dla życia i zdrowia Polaków?; (3) czy przyjęte rozwiązania są wystarczające, a jeśli nie – jakie kierunki działań powinny być wzięte pod uwagę, by zapewnić bezpieczeństwo jednostki ludzkiej w odniesieniu do czystości powietrza? – prowadzą do wniosku, że powietrze niskiej jakości stanowi jedno z najważniejszych zagrożeń środowiskowych dla polskich obywateli. Konstytucyjny obowiązek podjęcia przez władze publiczne działań, które ograniczą poziom zanieczyszczenia powietrza oraz jego negatywny wpływ na zdrowie ludzi, nie jest realizowany w sposób wystarczający.

16

Wpływ warunków meteorologicznych na imisję pyłu zawieszonego oraz kształt smug kominowych w sezonie grzewczym

63%

Wierzbińska M., Szczepaniak R.

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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vol. 1(21)

26-37

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze exhaust gas streaks emitted from emitters during the heating season in the city of Żywiec. The relationships between the shape of the streaks and the weather conditions (wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, dust concentration) were analyzed. The shape of the chimney streaks (streaks: looping, coning, fanning, lofting, fumigation) has a decisive influence on the quality of the atmospheric air in the vicinity of the emitters. The observations of the emitters were carried out for 92 days - at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., to separate the conditions existing before the satisfaction of social and living needs (morning hours) and at the time of satisfying them (evening hours). At the same time, data of the state of the atmosphere obtained from the Żywiec-Zabłocie air quality station and from two weather stations: ŻAR BSP Międzybrodzie Żywieckie and IMWM-PIB Radziechowy were recorded. The article presents the results of measurements of the state of the atmosphere and the observation of streaks. Data analysis showed a direct influence of weather conditions on the shape of the streaks and thus on the air quality. Analysis of the results showed that during periods of thermal inversion, there was an increase in the immission of particulate matter in the ground layer of the atmosphere. These conditions were often accompanied by pollutant or loop-shaped chimney streaks. Moreover, the increase in wind speed resulted in a decrease in the concentration of dust pollutants in a given area and contributed to the formation of ventilation streaks. During the observation of pollutant and loop-type chimney streaks, the immission of suspended dust increased significantly, which resulted in deterioration of air quality in Żywiec.

17

The importance of modernizations in realization of sustainable development principles – a case study of the Heating Plant ‘Piast’ in Bieruń, Poland

51%

SZWEDA A.

Economic and Environmental Studies

|

2018

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vol. 18

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issue 1

375-386

EN

The issue of environment protection has gained in importance recently in connection with progressive environmental decay, which is caused by a steady economic development and exploitative natural resource management. Energetics is one of the industries, which have a damaging influence on the environment, especially in the matter of air quality. Polish energetics is based on carbon-intensive fuels due to big coal reserves commanded by the country. Coal burning leads to air pollution emission of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and particulate matter. Modernizations of power installations are one of the ways towards realization of sustainable development principles. The article is devoted to modernizations implemented in the Heating Plant ‘Piast’ based in Bieruń, Poland. The investments embraced modernizations of the heating boilers and gas-cleaning plants, which constitute the IPPC installations. The author presents research results concerning the influence of conducted modernizations on the amounts of air pollution emissions.

PL

W związku z postępującą degradacją środowiska naturalnego, spowodowaną dynamicznym rozwojem gospodarczym oraz prowadzeniem rabunkowej gospodarki zasobami naturalnymi, kwestie związane z szeroko pojętą ochroną środowiska zyskały na znaczeniu. Energetyka stanowi jeden z najbardziej obciążających środowisko naturalne sektorów przemysłowych, w szczególności zaś w odniesieniu do jakości powietrza. Polski przemysł energetyczny opiera się głównie na paliwach węglowych, co spowodowane jest znaczną ilością posiadanych zasobów węgla. Instalacje energetycznego spalania węgla powodują emisje zanieczyszczeń, takich jak dwutlenek siarki, dwutlenek węgla oraz pyły. Zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju realizowane są m. in. na drodze modernizacji instalacji energetycznych. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje modernizacje instalacji energetycznego spalania węgla przeprowadzone w Zakładzie Ciepłowniczym „Piast” w Bieruniu. Podjęte działania inwestycyjne objęły modernizacje wszystkich kotłów oraz instalacji odpylania i odsiarczania spalin, składających się na instalację IPPC. Przedstawione modernizacje zestawione zostały z wielkościami emitowanych zanieczyszczeń w wybranym okresie badawczym.

18

Historia i współczesność badań nad klimatem Wrocławia – pomiary i badania modelowe

51%

Szymanowski M., Drzeniecka-Osiadacz A., Sawiński T., Kryza M.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

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2019

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vol. 108

109-126

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rozwój i zakres badań dotyczących klimatu miasta i atmosfery miejskiej we Wrocła-wiu, prowadzonych przez pracowników Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, głównie Zakładu Klimatologii i Ochrony Atmosfery (ZKiOA). Opisano główne wątki badawcze realizowane w ośrodku, tj. badania cech mezoklimatu i bioklimatu, miejskiej war-stwy granicznej oraz warunków aerosanitarnych Wrocławia. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na dwie fazy rozwoju badań nad klimatem i atmosferą miasta w ośrodku: na przełomie XX/XXI w. i w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. Obie związane były z wpro-wadzeniem nowoczesnych technologii pomiarowych i unikalnej metodologii badawczej. W pierwszej fazie było to wprowa-dzenie automatycznych stacji meteorologicznych i platform mobilnych do pomiarów meteorologicznych i sondażu akustycz-nego atmosfery oraz zastosowanie technik GIS w modelowaniu i analizie struktury czasowo-przestrzennej elementów mezo- i bioklimatu Wrocławia. W drugiej fazie więcej uwagi poświęcono warunkom aerosanitarnym miasta, wprowadzono nowo-czesne urządzenia do pomiarów zanieczyszczeń powietrza oraz rozwijano metody modelowania numerycznego (WRF, WRF-Chem). Dużo większy nacisk poświęcono także aplikacjom wyników badań (projekt LIFE-APIS/PL).

EN

In this paper, we present the history and development of urban climate research in Wrocław, undertaken at the University of Wrocław (UWr), mainly at the Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection (DCAP). The main scientific topics, such as mesoclimate, bioclimate, urban heat island, and air quality in Wrocław are described. There were two milestones in urban climate research at UWr. First, the turn of the 21st century was associated with the introduction of automatic weather stations, mobile measurements and acoustic soundings, supported with GIS analysis, for the spatio-temporal studies of Wrocław (bio)climate. In the second decade of the 21st century, our research is mostly related to urban air quality. New measuring techniques have been introduced, supported with numerical models (WRF, WRF-Chem), and much greater attention has been devoted to scientific research applications (the LIFE-APIS/PL project).

19

Percepcja jakości powietrza oraz jej skutków zdrowotnych jako przedmiot badań w obszarze zdrowia publicznego

51%

Balcerzak B., Ścibor M., Malinowska-Cieślik M.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

|

2012

|

vol. 10

|

issue 1

13–24

EN

Perceived air quality is an important measure for evaluating the health impact and quality of life in studies that have been carried out in the area of public health for years. The aim of this paper is to review and sum up the multidisciplinary knowledge regarding this topic, as well as to outline some main insights presented in the field of risk perception research. The literature on the perception of air pollution risks is structured around the five topics, proposed by the authors. Particular attention is focused on research that explores such issues as: factors influencing the air quality perception, the association between the subjective assessment of air pollutants and their objectively measured levels, the influence that perception of air quality has on human attitudes and activities. The paper concludes by evaluating the relevance of the reviewed knowledge for the future research and the field of public health practice.

20

Wyniki rocznego monitoringu stężenia radonu w powietrzu budynku mieszkalnego w Łodzi na tle warunków meteorologicznych

51%

Podstawczyńska A.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

|

2016

|

vol. 104

137-146

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy zmienności stężenia aktywności radonu (Rn-222) w powietrzu, rejestrowanego w trybie ciągłym, w domu jednorodzinnym w Łodzi, w okresie 356 dni, w latach 2014–2015. Tło meteorologiczne pomiarów Rn-222 stanowiły wartości temperatury powietrza w budynku i w warunkach zewnętrznych, sum godzinnych opadu atmosferycznego, ciśnienia atmosferycznego oraz typy cyrkulacji. Stwierdzono zmienność sezonową oraz dobową poziomu stężenia badanego radionuklidu w powietrzu uwarunkowaną sposobem użytkowania domu oraz czynnikami meteorologicznymi. Zamknięcie (nieużytkowanie) domu w lipcu 2014 roku spowodowało 5-krotny wzrost stężenia aktywności Rn-222 w stosunku do wartości średniej. Spadek temperatury powietrza w otoczeniu budynku wykazał słabą korel ację dodatnią, ze wzrostem stężenia aktywności Rn-222 w domu. Zmniejszenie poziomu stężenia aktywności Rn-222 w budynku obserwowano po intensywnych opadach. Ciśnienie atmosferyczne i typ cyrkulacji nie wykazywały wpływu na poziom rejestrowanego stężenia aktywności Rn-222.

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the variability of air Rn-222 concentration in a single-family detached house in Łódź with reference to indoor-outdoor air temperature differences, precipitation, air pressure and type of atmospheric circulation. Experiments comprising continuous, simultaneously measurements of meteorological elements and air Rn-222 concentration using AlphaGUARD® PQ2000 PRO (ionization chamber, diffusion mode) in the period from 20 May 2014 to 10 May 2015. A slightly positive correlation between Rn-222 levels and indoor-outdoor air temperature has been shown but the relationship with air pressure was not confirmed. The analysis indicated that rainfall can be an important meteorological controlling factor of air Rn-222 levels in houses located in an area with shallow groundwater.

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Percepcja jakości powietrza oraz jej skutków zdrowotnych jako przedmiot badań w obszarze zdrowia publicznego

Wyniki rocznego monitoringu stężenia radonu w powietrzu budynku mieszkalnego w Łodzi na tle warunków meteorologicznych