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EN
The need to adopt a new law stems from the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal finding unconstitutionality of the existing law. The author claims that the provisions of the bill regarding the legal consequences of liquidation of the Polish Association of Allotment Holders and transformation thereof into a garden association, cause doubts of a constitutional nature, since they may lead to a monopoly of one organization of allotment holders. The author is positive about the provisions concerning the legal status of allotment holders, and about the contract of allotment lease. As admissible she assesses the regulations relating to the transfer of the right to allotment and the legal consequences of death of the allotment holder, as well as those protecting his right to bring an action. She questions the provisions making it possible to establish, free of payment, ownership right of the allotment holder or perpetual usufruct with a share in common parts of family allotment gardens. The author argues that such regulation would result in giving the possibility to use an allotment without limitation, e.g. by making residence in its area. Doubtful is also the acquisition by the association, by the operation of law, of usufruct of real property of the local self‑government in the event that it is not legally entitled to the real property.
EN
Increasing demand for urban agriculture (UA) can be perceived as a global phenomenon. In some parts of the world its main function is to feed the rapidly growing population while in others it is more associated with lifestyle and environmental issues. Undeniably, UA provides opportunities for sustainable city development. UA can support all pillars of sustainable development: ecological, economic, and social. However, depending on existing circumstances certain pillars may be influenced more than others. In this paper we concentrate on urban allotments in Andalusia and take Baeza as an example of a city with an interesting approach to urban gardening. We attempt to answer the question how urban allotments in Baeza affect the city’s sustainable development and what remains to be done to make this influence more effective. Our study showed that allotment gardens in Baeza endorsed all three pillars of sustainable city development. However, developing broader community relations on the city scale, revival of declining local grocery  market and dissemination of environmental initiatives which allotment gardens may also promote and facilitate was missing.
PL
Rodzinne ogrody działkowe stanowią ważny składnik terenów zieleni miejskiej, pełniąc wiele istotnych funkcji zarówno w mieście, jak i dla jego mieszkańców. W ostatnich 10 latach odnotowuje się spadek liczby ogrodów działkowych we wszystkich województwach. Współczesne ogrody tracą funkcje produkcyjne na rzecz ozdobno-rekreacyjnych. W artykule przedstawiono stan ilościowy, jakościowy i przestrzenny ogrodów działkowych na obszarze aglomeracji poznańskiej, poddając analizie dane Polskiego Związku Działkowców oraz wyniki ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród działkowców i mieszkańców. Na podstawie zebranych informacji podjęto próbę sformułowania rekomendacji dla polityki przestrzennej aglomeracji. W świetle długiej i bogatej tradycji ogrodów działkowych oraz doświadczeń krajów wysoko rozwiniętych w zakresie rolnictwa miejskiego należy zapobiegać likwidacji ogrodów działkowych oraz poszukiwać dla nich nowych funkcji o charakterze zarówno społecznym, jak i produkcyjnym. W polityce przestrzennej aglomeracji należy określić sposób funkcjonowania ogrodów działkowych, zwłaszcza tych w centrach miast, ściśle formułując zasady użytkowania i charakter kształtowania tej przestrzeni – ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów estetycznych oraz kontekstu sąsiedztwa.
EN
Family allotment gardens are an important component of urban green areas, fulfilling many important functions both in the city and its inhabitants. In the past 10 years it has been a decline in the number of allotments in all provinces. Contemporary gardens are losing production functions for decorative and recreational activities. The article presents the status of quantitative and qualitative spatial allotments in the area of the agglomeration, analyzing the data of the Polish Association of Allotment and the results of surveys conducted among gardeners and residents. Based on the information gathered, it was an attempt to formulate policy recommendations for spatial agglomeration. In light of the long and rich tradition of allotment gardens and the experience of developed countries in the field of urban agriculture, should be avoided liquidation allotments and look for them new functions of both a social and productive. In politics, spatial agglomeration specify the functioning of allotment gardens, especially those in urban centers, closely formulating the terms of use and nature of the shape of the space – with particular emphasis on the aesthetic and the context of the neighborhood.
EN
This paper presents the principles forming the basis for the present model of the organization of allotment gardens in Poland and their constitutional evaluation as it was presented by the Constitutional Tribunal in its judgments relating to the Act of 6 May 1981 on Workers’ Allotment Gardens and the Act of 8 July 2005 on the Family Allotment Gardens. On the basis of the conclusions of the decisions of the Constitutional Tribunal contesting the constitutionality of several provisions of the current law, the author distinguishes key issues for the future regulation concerning allotments and presents his conclusions de lege ferenda in this regard.
EN
Family allotment gardens are a place for rest and recreation for residents of mostly large and medium-sized cities. The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China in November 2019, has initiated serious crises affecting various types of human activities (including tourism) and has also limited travel opportunities. For many people, especially the poorer and economically inactive (including pensioners), their only active recreation was carried out on allotments. The article is an attempt to answer the question: did the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the behavior and leisure of users of allotment gardens and to what extent? The answer to such a question was made using a direct inventory and a questionnaire survey of users of the Prince Bolek the First allotments in Jawor. The analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the behavior and leisure of allotment garden users; however, the impact here was not as large as was expected.
PL
Rodzinne ogrody działkowe (ROD) stanowią miejsce wypoczynku głównie mieszkańców dużych i średnich miast. Pandemia COVID-19, która rozpoczęła się w Chinach w listopadzie 2019 r., spowodowała poważny kryzys mający wpływ na różne rodzaje działalności człowieka (w tym na turystykę), ograniczyła także możliwość podróżowania. Dla wielu osób, zwłaszcza uboższych i biernych zawodowo (np. emerytów i rencistów), jedynym sposobem aktywnego wypoczynku stały się aktywności realizowane na działkach w rodzinnych ogrodach działkowych. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania, czy i w jakim zakresie dwa lata pandemii COVID-19 wpłynęły na zachowania i wypoczynek użytkowników ogrodów działkowych. Do udzielenia odpowiedzi posłużyły dwie metody: inwentaryzacja bezpośrednia oraz badanie kwestionariuszowe użytkowników Rodzinnego Ogrodu Działkowego im. Księcia Bolka I w Jaworze. W rezultacie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że pandemia COVID-19 miała wpływ na zachowania i wypoczynek użytkowników badanego ogrodu działkowego, jednak to oddziaływanie nie było aż tak duże, jak można było oczekiwać.
IT
L’articolo si propone di caratterizzare il fenomeno di agricoltura urbana in una prospettiva delle sfide contemporanee poste al diritto agrario e di motivare la necessità di svolgere la ricerca agraristica concernente questa problematica. Il punto di partenza per le riflessioni è costituito dai concetti teorici sviluppati da Roman Budzinowski, i quali riguardano l’oggetto e i limiti del diritto agrario come branca del diritto in generale. L’agricoltura urbana è un fenomeno complesso che si manifesta in varie forme. La sua caratteristica distintiva più importante è il fatto di essere integrata con il sistema ecologico, sociale ed economico della città. La regolazione relativa all’agricoltura urbana è sparsa e diversificata. Si tratta, comunque, di un insieme di norme che può essere considerato un problema appartenente al diritto agrario. Può inoltre costituire un interessante campo di ricerca per i giusagraristi, specie come esemplificazione delle sfide contemporanee e delle tendenze di sviluppo del diritto agrario.
EN
The aim of the considerations is to characterise the phenomenon of urban agriculture from the perspective of contemporary challenges of agricultural law and to justify the need for agricultural research into this legal issue. The starting point of the considerations are theoretical concepts of Roman Budzinowski on the subject and limits of agricultural law as a branch of law. Urban agriculture is a complex phenomenon taking various forms. Its main distinguishing feature is its integration with the ecological-social-economic system of the city. The regulation of urban agriculture is fragmented and varied. However, it does constitute a set of norms that can be regarded as belonging to agricultural law. Consequently, it may constitute an interesting area of research for agricultural lawyers, especially as an exemplification of contemporary challenges and development tendencies of agricultural law.
PL
Celem rozważań jest scharakteryzowanie zjawiska rolnictwa miejskiego w perspektywie współczesnych wyzwań prawa rolnego oraz uzasadnienie potrzeby badań agrarystycznych dotyczących tego problemu prawnego. Punktem wyjścia są teoretyczne koncepcje Romana Budzinowskiego dotyczące przedmiotu i granic prawa rolnego jako gałęzi prawa. Rolnictwo miejskie stanowi złożone zjawisko występujące w różnych formach. Jego najważniejszą cechą wyróżniającą jest zintegrowanie z ekologiczno-społeczno-gospodarczym systemem miasta. Regulacja dotycząca rolnictwa miejskiego jest rozproszona i zróżnicowana. Tworzy jednak zespół norm, który można uznać za problem należący do prawa rolnego. Może on stanowić interesujący obszar badań prawników agrarystów, zwłaszcza jako egzemplifikacja współczesnych wyzwań i tendencji rozwojowych prawa rolnego.
XX
Nowadays, allotment gardens are the bane of many urban planners. The biggest allegations against allotment gardens are the lack of accessibility for local community and highly controversial aesthetics of many plots, which results from the large freedom in ways of their development. The Józef Chociszewski Family Allotment Garden (FAG) in Poznan is one of the oldest allotment complexes in Poznan. Its characteristic feature are the uniform bowers built by prisoners-of-war, which make a very important element of the spatial composition of this complex. The paper aims to present current trends in the way the plots are developed in family allotment gardens, using the example of Józef Chociszewski FAG in Poznan. The results of an inventory of 25 randomly selected plots showed a high diversity in the way of their management. The vast majority of plots have a large share of lawn area in proportion to the total area of the plots and a low share of the area designed for growing vegetables. This fact indicates a change in the allotment gardens function from productive to leisure-recreational one.
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