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"Dneska na ulici na mě řval nějaký random chlap, kterého ani neznám": k užívání slova random v současné češtině

100%
Jílková L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2024
|
vol. 107
|
issue 1
54-59
EN
This article deals with the meaning of the Anglicism random in contemporary Czech. First, it presents relevant information from dictionaries and linguistic publications. Next, it examines posts from an internet discussion in which users were trying to define the meaning of the word. Finally, it presents the results of a survey.
2
Content available remote

Kombinace konsonantu s vokálem v českých slovech cizího původu:

84%
Bičan A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2020
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vol. 81
|
issue 3
163-194
EN
Analyzing a corpus of over 36,000 words of foreign origin and 33,000 native words, the paper presents a detailed account and comparison of the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations in Czech. These combinations are discussed according to their vowel class. Both combinations typical for foreign-origin words and combinations typical for native words were found. In some cases, the typicality is predictable from the phonemes in the combinations (i.e. from the phonemes typical for either type of vocabulary), but there are many combination types for which this is not possible. The paper concludes with a discussion of the factors that may influence the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations, including sound changes, phoneme frequency, morphological processes, and universal preferences in the combinability of consonants with vowels. Special attention is paid to loanwords from English.
3
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Kolísání znělosti souhlásek v přejatých slovech v češtině : Výsledky výzkumu výslovnostního úzu

67%
Štěpánová V.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2016
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vol. 99
|
issue 4
169-188
EN
This article draws on data obtained through research on pronunciation of loanwords among Czech speakers in the two most populous cities in the Czech Republic (Prague, Brno) in 2014. More than 60 words out of the total number of 300 expressions included in the survey were investigated from the perspective of fluctuation in voicing. Most of these words consist of Anglicisms and lexemes of Latin or Greek origin. The pairs s/z and k/g fluctuate most often; several other pairs also display some fluctuation peripherally. As concerns the pair s/z, in accordance with previous studies, it can be stated that in contemporary Czech, the preference for the voiced variant prevails. It cannot be decidedly stated, however, that voicing will spread further and that it will prevail in all cases in the future; the resultant forms are actually influenced, for example, by the language of origin, the time period of the borrowing, the distribution of the word, the type of fluctuating consonants, or the neighbouring sounds. As concerns sociolinguistic categories, age and education have proven to be especially important. For example, in some recently borrowed Anglicisms, the voicing will probably continue to prevail strongly, and on the contrary, it will likely tend to recede in the groups kr, kl in expressions adapted earlier. The fluctuation of voicing in loanwords and proper names is natural; if it does not influence the comprehensibility or the quality of the speech, it does not cause any communication problems.
4
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Pseudoanglicismy: české neologismy z anglických slov

67%
Bozděchová I., Klégr A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2022
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vol. 83
|
issue 1
3-27
EN
The paper introduces the concept of pseudoanglicism to Czech lexical studies. It sketches its history and use in the literature. It outlines the standard account of foreign word adaptation in Czech to bring out the distinction between adaptation and neologization. The adopted approach develops Duckworth’s (1977) broad definition of pseudoanglicisms. Whether including only English elements (baby-box, basket) or both English and Czech ones (hokejista, soráč, onlinovka, etc.), the pseudoanglicism is a neologism rather than a simple loanword: a lexeme with a new form and a meaning of its own and no formal counterpart in English. Another possibility is that a lexeme (largely) retains its English form but acquires a different meaning in Czech (sprayer, mixér). In any case what separates English­based neologisms from adapted loanwords is their meaning peculiar to Czech. The different types of Czech pseudoanglicisms are illustrated using a sample of 516 items. The paper argues for the desirability to differentiate between anglicisms and pseudoanglicisms. The latter transcend linguistic borrowing, bearing witness to the active role of Czech speakers who employ English elements to produce Czech neologisms.
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