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IT
L’articolo si propone di stabilire se le norme giuridiche, adottate a livello dell’UE in materia di allevamento del bestiame, aiutino a gestire l’allevamento in modo giusto, nonché se il legislatore nazionale abbia previsto soluzioni adeguate al fine di applicare il diritto dell’UE in modo corretto. Nella parte conclusiva, le autrici affermano che la legislazione zootecnica è stata semplificata, il che permette di svolgere l’attività di allevamento senza difficoltà e in modo efficace. L'adozione di una nuova legge, volta a disciplinare l'organizzazione dell'allevamento e la riproduzione del bestiame, consentirebbe l’attuazione della normativa dell’UE in modo pieno e corretto. Allo stesso tempo, assicurando la continuità della tenuta dei libri genealogici e dei registri, nonché effettuando la valutazione delle prestazioni e del valore genetico del bestiame, la durabilità dell'allevamento sarebbe garantita.
EN
The purpose of the considerations was to answer the question whether the legal standards governing livestock farming adopted at the EU level serve the purpose of proper organisation of animal husbandry and whether the Polish legislator has ensured appropriate solutions enabling proper implementation of European Union law. The conclusions of the considerations are that European Zootechnical Legislation has been simplified, allowing for a smooth and effective conduct of livestock farming. The new Act on the organisation of breeding and reproduction of farm animals enables full and correct implementation of the EU regulation in Poland. At the same time, the requirement arising from the Act to conduct assessments of the utility and genetic value of animals and to maintain herd books and records guarantee the durability of livestock farming.
PL
Celem rozważań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy przyjęte na poziomie unijnym normy prawne w zakresie hodowli zwierząt gospodarskich służą jej właściwej organizacji oraz czy ustawodawca krajowy przewidział odpowiednie rozwiązania pozwalające na wykonywanie prawa Unii Europejskiej. Według autorek nastąpiło przekształcenie i pewne uproszczenie europejskiego prawodawstwa zootechnicznego, pozwalające na płynne i efektywne prowadzenie działalności hodowcom. Przyjęcie w kraju nowej ustawy o organizacji hodowli i rozrodzie zwierząt gospodarskich pozwala na pełne i prawidłowe wykonywanie rozporządzenia unijnego, a także zapewnienie trwałości prowadzenia hodowli zwierząt gospodarskich dzięki ciągłości prowadzenia ksiąg hodowlanych i rejestrów oraz prowadzenia oceny wartości użytkowej i genetycznej zwierząt.
EN
Models of pork production profitability in years 2002–2004 have been constructed and analyzed. The links between the producers of pork and zones of raw material deliveries in Grodno region have been analyzed. Dependence of the profitability of pig–breeding production on parameters most influencing it in Grodno region has been established. Some directions of raising the efficiency of the branch have been suggested.
EN
As a part of the strategies identified during the Estates General of livestock farming, the Region of Piedmont has financed a project in order to verify the level of appreciation of medium heavy swine in the swine sector. The Region has involved the Department of Commodity Science of Turin University and APS Piemonte (pig farmers association) in carrying out a specified study [Aceto et al. 2011; Peira et al. 2011]. The results of the study intended to investigate the speck supply chain are set forth below.
EN
Swine breeding is a branch of agriculture with high level of development and traditional in Belarus. The problem of basic directions in development of swine breeding is examined in the paper. In conclusion the main reserves for growth of the economic efficiency of pork production are found in strengthening of food reserve and using of complete feed mixture balanced on feed protein, increasing of leguminous plants and many other factors.
EN
Stockbreeding is a fast growing branch of agriculture. But in modern economic conditions Republic of Belarus has many problems with it. On the contrary the countries of Europe achieved big results in meat production. In most of them branch is export oriented. The authors analyze situation in meat production in the Republic of Belarus and give their opinion thereupon. The present conditions are unfavourable and the volume of meat production is falling. It is necessary for the government to assist meat producers.
EN
The assemblage of faunal remains from Banganarti subjected to archaeozoological examination counted 4178 bones and fragments of bones. They represented contexts recorded within the fortified settlement around the church in Banganarti, attributed to two different chronological phases: 7th–10th century AD (Early Makuria) and 11th–12th century AD (Classic Makuria). Species identified among the 1066 osteological remains from the first phase included mammals, fishes and mollusks. Domestic ruminants dominated this group: sheep/goat (42.77%) and cattle (41.08%); pig was also frequently recorded (12.38%). Bones from the second phase (1513 identified remains) were identified most frequently as cattle (43.75%), sheep/goat (32.78%) and pig (19.69%). Trace remains of donkey, dromedary, dog and bush pig were observed. The analysis gave rise to the first ever characteristic of breeding and meat consumption models for a settlement in the Kingdom of Makuria, outside the capital located at Old Dongola. Beef and pork proved to have a growing importance in consumption patterns in Banganarti over the ages. A study of animal morphology allowed breeds to be established.
PL
Artykuł jest pokłosiem prac związanych z przygotowaniem wystawy okoliczno­ściowej związanej z otwarciem Centrum Weterynarii na Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu w roku akademickim 2018/2019. Zaprezentowano wówczas m.in. bogatą kolekcję starych druków o tematyce weterynaryjnej, które stały się podstawą do powstania prezen­towanego katalogu. Autorka zbiera w nim nie tylko tytuły dotyczące stricte problematyki lecznictwa zwierząt, lecz także ich hodowli i pielęgnacji. Zbiory Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu (dalej: BU UMK) okazały się bardzo liczne. Zwłaszcza oświeceniowe piśmiennictwo weterynaryjne prezentuje wysoki poziom naukowy tego okresu, zasobny w dzieła założy­cieli i profesorów słynnych francuskich, niemieckich i polskich szkół weterynaryjnych XVIII w., np. Claude’a Bourgelata, Johanna Christiana Polycarpa Erxlebena, Jakuba Gottlieba Wolsteina czy Krzysztofa Kluka. Część wstępna artykułu omawia cenniejsze pod wzglę­dem naukowym i proweniencyjnym egzemplarze. Autorka prezentuje ponadto odnalezione w BU UMK zbiory hippatryczne pochodzące z biblioteki książąt von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen z pałacu w Koszęcinie. Proweniencja ta była jak dotąd nieznana, podobnie jak fragmenty biblioteki rodu Potulickich oraz grecysty Karla Ottona Rehdantz.
EN
The article is the result of the work connected with the preparation of an occasional exhibition related to the opening of the Veterinary Center at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in the 2018-2019 academic year. At that time, a rich collection of old prints on veterinary issues, which became the basis for the creation of the presented catalogue, was exhibited. The author collects not only titles strictly related to the treatment of animals, but also their breeding and care. The collections of the University Library in Toruń turned out to be quite numerous. Especially the Enlightenment veterinary literature presents a high scientific level, rich in the works of the founders and professors of famous French, German and Polish veterinary schools of the 18th century, e.g. Claude Bourgelat, Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, Jakub Gottlieb Wolstein or Krzysztof Kluk. The introductory part of the article discusses the copies that are most valuable in terms of science and provenance. The author also presents hippatrical collections from the library of the von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen princes from the palace in Koszęcin. This provenance along with the fragments of the library of the Potulicki family and Greek-language scholar Karl Otto Rehdantzian have been so far unknown.
DE
Der Artikel geht auf die Vorbereitung einer Gelegenheitsausstellung und die Eröffnung des Zentrums für Tiermedizin an der Nikolaus-Kopernikus-Universität in Thorn im akademischen Jahr 2018/2019 zurück. Man zeigte damals u.a. eine reiche Sammlung von alten Drucken aus dem Bereich der Tiermedizin, die als Grundlage des im Beitrag dargestellten Katalogs dienten. Die Autorin zeigt darin einige Exemplare, die sich nicht nur auf die Problematik der Tiermedizin, sondern auch auf die der Tierzucht und -haltung beziehen. Die Bestände der Universitätsbibliothek in Thorn sind zahlreich. Insbesondere das Aufklärungsschrifttum zur Tiermedizin weist ein hohes wissenschaftliches Niveau dieser Zeit nach und ist reich an Werken der Begründer und Professoren von berühmten französischen, deutschen und polnischen Tiermedizinschulen aus dem 18. Jahrhundert, wie etwa Claude Bourgelat, Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, Jakob Gottlieb Wolstein oder Krzysztof Kluk. Der Ausgangsteil des Artikels schildert die aus der wissenschaftlichen Sicht und wegen der Herkunft wertvollsten Exemplare. Die Autorin präsentiert darüber hinaus die in der Universitätsbibliothek in Thorn entdeckten Bestände zur Pferdehaltung aus der Bibliothek der Fürsten von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen aus dem Palast in Koszęcin. Diese Provenienz war bisher unbekannt, ähnlich wie die Fragmente der Bibliothek der Familie Potulicki sowie des Griechenland-Kenners Karl Otton Rehdantzian.
EN
Production of milk is economically inefficient in many agricultural enterprises in Belarus. It is connected with the fact that buildings, constructions and the equipment has become outdated. Therefore it is necessary to construct new dairy farms. We shall consider the experience of calculation of efficiency of construction of a dairy farm in the Grodno region.
XX
Te following article describes the socio-economic situation of Galicia in the years 1772-1848, paying special attention to the period of the rule of empress Maria Teresa (d. 1780) and her son Joseph II (d. 1790). Above all, the article touches upon the issues regarding the situation of the rural population and describes the Austrian reforms which had the goal of improving the situation of this population and which regarded, inter alia, the regulation of the amount of socage and the duties of the peasants towards the court, the rural judiciary and other matters regarding servile relations. A separate issue considered in the article was the development of agriculture and the gradual introduction of new crops within the Galicia region, such as potatoes and clover, as well as the changes within the range of the cultivation techniques.
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