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EN
The article concerns Silesian anthroponomy. Using examples from two 19th century church registers indices from Upper Silesia, the author demonstrates which features of Silesian dialect are reflected in the surnames. Some phonetic features of the analysed names are discussed in the article, as well as the appearance of the suffixes -ok, -us, -el. Examples of names that bear traces of lexical archaisms and Silesian dialect are also discussed. In order to select the Silesian surnames the author uses data gathered in the Dictionary of surnames used in Poland in the beginning of the 21st century by K. Rymut.
EN
A homely–stranger category in local anthroponomy on the example of surnames of Wysokie MazowieckieThe aim of the article is showing the homely–stranger category in relation with local anthroponomy on the example of surnames of inhabitants of a town in Podlasie.The opposition mentioned above is shown as one of basic categories which de­scribe the culture of local community. The role of surname geography in establishing the homely–stranger relation was discussed.Moreover, review of surnames’ interpretations in onomastic surveys was presented. In the discussion of the homely–stranger category with reference to anthropo­nyms of inhabitants of Wysokie Mazowieckie indicators of homeliness were taken into consideration: local (toponymic surnames with the ­ski formant), familiar (surnames formed from native appellatives and patronymic), recognized, accepted (surnames which contain foreign elements or unknown dialectal appellatives whose holders are well known to the community or there is a large representation of them). Among the indicators of strangeness there are elements: foreign (anthroponyms with non-­Polish formants, e.g. ­uk, foreign surnames which have a small representation of holders), unknown (anthroponyms formed from non-­Polish appellatives or from appellatives of archaic character), different (surnames with non-­Polish phonetic features).The discussion of understanding particular surnames by micro community shows again what important role a stereotype plays both on linguistic and cultural ground. Presented analysis shows inclination of a given group to attributing certain features to particular surnames. These features result from knowledge and imagin­ing of particular members of a community and most often are not connected with knowledge of morphological structure or an anthroponym’s etymology. Therefore they disaccord with linguistic interpretation. Категория свой–чужой в местной антропонимии на примере фамилий жителей города Высокое МазовецкоеВ статье проведен анализ категории свой – чужой в области антропонимов – фамилий жителей одного из городов региона Подляшие. Данное противопоставление представлено как форма/метод описания культуры местного общества. Приведен обзор толкования фамилий в ономастических исследованиях. При анализировании фамилий городка Высокое Мазовецкое учитывались критерии, определяющие своих: здешний (фамилии происходящие от названий местностей с финалью -ski), знакомый (фамилии, происходящие от аппелятивных наименований и патронимии), приемлемый (фамилии с иностранными элементами или неизвестные диалектные названия в качестве фамилий лиц хорошо известных в данном социуме или не имеющие многозначимого представительства в данной среде). Показателями, определяющими чужих, являются: нездешний (антропонимы, включающие непольские элементы, напр., -uk; иностранные фамилии немногих лиц), фамилии, происходящие от непольских или архаических аппелятивных наименований, отличающихся (фамилии с неполскими фонетическими элементами). Восприятие данных фамилий микросредой лишний раз подчеркивает существенное влияние стереотипа как на языки, так и на культуру. Из анализа следует также склонность приписывать отдедьным фамилиям определенных черт, являющихся эффектом знаний и представлений, бытующих в среде и, чаще всего, не связанных с пониманием морфологической структуры ими или этимологии антропонима – следовательно идущих в разрез с языковедческим толкованем.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę ustalenia społecznego zasięgu wymowy wariantów tzw. samogłosek nosowych ę i M w najmłodszym pokoleniu Polaków, w tym przypadku mieszkańców Bełchatowa (woj. łódzkie). Zostali oni podzieleni na grupy ze względu na wiek oraz pochodzenie społeczne. W tekstach czytanych zmienna (ę) w pozycji wygłosowej w języku większości badanych realizowana była jako wariant ustny [e]. Jedynie u dzieci pochodzenia robotniczego pojawił się wariant [ę], co tłumaczy się wpływem pisma na wymowę. W tekstach mówionych dominującą realizacją był odnosowiony wariant [e]. Zmienna (M) w wygłosie, w tekstach czytanych, najczęściej wymawiana była zgodnie z normą jako nosowy wariant [M]. W tej samej pozycji, w tekstach mówionych, najczęściej występowała samogłoska nosowa [M]. Jednak najmłodsi informatorzy pochodzenia robotniczego realizowali tu połączenie [om], co może być wynikiem szerzenia się wymowy gwarowej południowej i wschodniej Polski na obszary Polski centralnej. W omawianej pozycji zarówno w wypadku (ę), jak i (M ) zanotowano liczne formy hiperpoprawne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że w tekstach czytanych, jak i mówionych wiek i pochodzenie społeczne respondentów nie miały wpływu na częstotliwość występowania samogłosek nosowych -ę i -M w śródgłosie wyrazów.
EN
The presented article is to determine the pronunciation spread of nasal vowels ę and M in the youngest generation of Belchatow’s people. They have been grouped by taking into consideration their age and social origin. In read texts the variable (ę), in word-final position in the language of the most of children being tested, was fulfilled as the variable [e]. Only in the case of working-class children the variable [ę] has occurred, which is explained by the writing influence on pronunciation. In spoken texts, the non-nasal variable [e] was in the ascendant. The variable (M), in its final position, in read texts was usually pronounced under canon of the nasal variable (M). In the same position, the nasal vowel [M] was the most common in spoken texts. However, the youngest communicants of working-class origin has made a combination [om], which can be a result of dialect pronunciation of Northern and Southern Poland being spread onto the central part of Poland. There has been many forms of hypercorrection of both (ę) and (M), in the discussed stand. On the grounds of the carried out research, it can be ascertained that, in both, read and spoken texts, age and social origin of respondents did not have any influence on the frequency of appearance of nasal vowels -ę and -M in mid-word position.
PL
In modern Ukrainian surnames one can fi nd the diverse elements: Slavonic autochthonous names, Christian names, nicknames, etc. Ukrainian last names derived from the ancient Christian names are studied in the article. These names, getting into the Ukrainian language ground, underwent the phonetic transformation, the substantial quantity of folk variants were created from them. Currently the part of these proper names is out of the active use – functioning specifically as official variants of names, – however, they are preserved as folk variants of names, as well as modern Ukrainian surnames. The etymology of last names, deriving from the Christian names, is researched in the current article, names from which they were formed are defined, spreading of the names and the deriving surname forms from them is highlighted, and also the list of last names and geography of their usage is provided.
EN
The article presents the academic achievements of Mieczysław Buczyński, Ph.D. (1936-1992) with special emphasis placed on his dialectological and onomastic research in the Lublin area. The scholar created a card index for the Dictionary of the Huszcza in Podlasie dialect which index consists of more than 100 thousand words. The vocabulary can serve as a basis for describing linguistic interference between the local Ukrainian dialects and the insular Polish dialect. Another area of Mieczysław Buczyński’s academic interest was onomastics, especially urban names and anthroponymy. The studies of the names in Lublin were conducted with respect to the object and the methodology. In his descriptions of urban names, Mieczysław Buczyński took into consideration the linguistic as well as the extra-linguistic factors. Anthroponyms of Armenian origin, presented with respect to the inhabitants of Zamość, played an important role in the scholar’s onomastic studies. The article presents the academic achievements of the prematurely deceased scholar and a person born and living in the Lublin area. He was involved in pioneering research and nouvelle methodology, largely supported by the ethnic and cultural diversity of the region with which Mieczysław Buczyński always identified himself.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano ukraińskie imiona męskie i ich warianty występujące w XVII-wiecznych zapisach ksiąg sądowych z pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego. Ziemie stanowiące historyczne pogranicze polsko-wschodniosłowiańskie, w tym ziemia chełmska, były w przeszłości terenem styku dwóch kręgów kulturowych: wschodniosłowiańskiego z bizantyjską tradycją chrześcijańską i cyrylickim alfabetem oraz zachodniosłowiańskiego z rzymskokatolicką religią, łacińskim alfabetem i językiem. Historyczne imiennictwo starostwa hrubieszowskiego wykazuje silne związki zarówno z antroponimią polską, jak i wschodniosłowiańską. Współcześnie typowo ukraińskie imiona są praktycznie nieobecne – wszystkie używane imiona mają hebrajskie, greckie, łacińskie, skandynawskie, a nawet tureckie pochodzenie i tylko część z nich jest pochodzenia słowiańskiego. Jednak za ukraińskie należy uznać warianty imion oficjalnych zaadaptowanych do ukraińskiego systemu imienniczego.
EN
The article presents an analysis of ukrainian male names and its variants in Polich court registers on the Polish-East Slavic borderland in the first half of 17th century. The lands forming the historical Polish-East Slavic borderland, including the Chelm Land, were in the past the contact area of two cultures: East Slavic with Byzantine Christian tradition and the Cyrillic alphabet and the West Slavic Roman Catholic religion, with the Latin alphabet and language. All analyzed male names belongs to the christian tradition. As Ukrainian should by considered variants of official names adapted to the Ukrainian system of names.
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