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1

Legal Approaches Against Terrorist Attacks – Fundamental Facets of an Effective Criminal Justice Response

100%

Buszman Z.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 67

205-224

EN

Terrorism has become one of the major issues of international criminal law policy. A sudden change of public perception of terrorism has occurred since 9/11 attacks – from regional groups of fundamentalists, terrorists have become an international threat to worldwide security. This fact has profoundly influenced anti-terrorist policies – from responsive actions to rather preventive and forward-looking strategies. As the opposing values of national security and civil liberties render the criminal justice response to be so complex to introduce, this work underlines the significance of balance and proportionality in waging a war on terror. Moreover, an evaluation of legislative mechanisms introduced by the United Nations police makers as well as those adopted in Germany, Poland and Great Britain will be made. Lastly, the work outlines the most common impediments that befall the investigation and prosecution of terrorists. By taking the aforementioned aspects into consideration, it will be determined which fundamental features will most effectively ensure an adequate criminal justice response and preserve the civil liberties derived from the principle of a democratic state ruled by law.

2

Legal Approaches Against Terrorist Attacks – Fundamental Facets of an Effective Criminal Justice Response

100%

Buszman Z.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 67

205-224

EN

Terrorism has become one of the major issues of international criminal law policy. A sudden change of public perception of terrorism has occurred since 9/11 attacks – from regional groups of fundamentalists, terrorists have become an international threat to worldwide security. This fact has profoundly influenced anti-terrorist policies – from responsive actions to rather preventive and forward-looking strategies. As the opposing values of national security and civil liberties render the criminal justice response to be so complex to introduce, this work underlines the significance of balance and proportionality in waging a war on terror. Moreover, an evaluation of legislative mechanisms introduced by the United Nations police makers as well as those adopted in Germany, Poland and Great Britain will be made. Lastly, the work outlines the most common impediments that befall the investigation and prosecution of terrorists. By taking the aforementioned aspects into consideration, it will be determined which fundamental features will most effectively ensure an adequate criminal justice response and preserve the civil liberties derived from the principle of a democratic state ruled by law.

3

Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law

75%

Kolendowska-Matejczuk M., Szczucki K.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 68

153-180

PL

Recurrent events of a terrorist character, especially those occurring not in arenas of armed conflict or in countries that are not – at least formally – at war with others, make it necessary not only to consider a redefinition of the state security systems, but also to reflect deeply on the human rights-inspired paradigms accepted hitherto. Regardless of one’s convictions and interpretation of current events, it is difficult to avoid repeating questions concerning the efficiency of public authorities and our legal system in the context of European experiences with terrorism. It is necessary to examine whether the commonly recognized constitutional and human rights standards facilitate the development by the state of instruments aimed at the effective prevention of terrorism. In the process of enacting and applying anti-terrorist laws one must pay heed to the mutual relations between goods protected and violated by a given regulation. As noted above, there is no freedom without security, but also there is no security without freedom. This tension makes a proportionality test very troublesome. The legislator should, above all, harmonize the axiological contexts of the provisions constructed thereby, so that they are orientated towards the protection of both security and freedom.

4

Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law

75%

Kolendowska-Matejczuk M., Szczucki K.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 68

153-180

PL

Recurrent events of a terrorist character, especially those occurring not in arenas of armed conflict or in countries that are not – at least formally – at war with others, make it necessary not only to consider a redefinition of the state security systems, but also to reflect deeply on the human rights-inspired paradigms accepted hitherto. Regardless of one’s convictions and interpretation of current events, it is difficult to avoid repeating questions concerning the efficiency of public authorities and our legal system in the context of European experiences with terrorism. It is necessary to examine whether the commonly recognized constitutional and human rights standards facilitate the development by the state of instruments aimed at the effective prevention of terrorism. In the process of enacting and applying anti-terrorist laws one must pay heed to the mutual relations between goods protected and violated by a given regulation. As noted above, there is no freedom without security, but also there is no security without freedom. This tension makes a proportionality test very troublesome. The legislator should, above all, harmonize the axiological contexts of the provisions constructed thereby, so that they are orientated towards the protection of both security and freedom.

5

Między wolnością a bezpieczeństwem – społeczne i prawne skutki zamachów terrorystycznych w Europie początku XXI wieku

51%

Sokołowski M.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

|

2020

|

issue 1(6)

136-157

PL

Światem początku XXI w. wstrząsnęły dramatyczne i jakże tragiczne w skutkach zamachy terrorystyczne. 11 września 2001 r. runęły wieże WTC w Nowym Jorku. Trzy lata później bomby wybuchły w Madrycie, a następnie w Londynie. Lata 2015–2016 to cała seria zamachów w Europie. Każdy kolejny incydent niósł za sobą zmianę w poczuciu zagrożenia terroryzmem we wszystkich państwach europejskich. Zauważalna stała się radykalizacja poglądów i postaw ludzkich co do sposobów walki z terroryzmem. Przełożyło się to także na postrzeganie innych, obcych nacji w poszczególnych państwach. Podejmując walkę z terroryzmem poszczególne państwa po kolei wprowadzały zmiany prawa, z jednej strony dające nowe, duże możliwości działania służbom odpowiedzialnym za bezpieczeństwo, z drugiej zaś w dużym stopniu ograniczające prawa i wolności obywatelskie.

EN

The world of the beginning of the 21st century was shocked by dramatic and very tragic terrorist attacks. On September 11, 2001, the WTC towers in New York collapsed. Three years later, bombs exploded in Madrid and then in London. Years 2015-2016 were marked by a series of attacks in Europe. Each subsequent incident brought a change in the sense of threat to terrorism in the communities of all European countries. The radicalization of human views and attitudes regarding ways to combat terrorism has become noticeable. This also translated into the perception of others – foreign nations in each country. Taking the fight against terrorism, individual countries introduced law changes. On the one hand it’s giving new and powerful opportunities for security services, on the other hand, significantly limiting civil rights and freedoms.

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4 Studia Iuridica

1 De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

2 Buszman Z.

2 Kolendowska-Matejczuk M.

2 Szczucki K.

1 Sokołowski M.

1 2020

4 2016

Legal Approaches Against Terrorist Attacks – Fundamental Facets of an Effective Criminal Justice Response

Legal Approaches Against Terrorist Attacks – Fundamental Facets of an Effective Criminal Justice Response

Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law

Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law

Między wolnością a bezpieczeństwem – społeczne i prawne skutki zamachów terrorystycznych w Europie początku XXI wieku