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PL
Praca została poświęcona niepolskim nazwom osobowym, zgromadzonym w SNMP, zawierającym sufiks -er. Z analizy nazw własnych wynika, że są one charakterystyczne dla ludności pochodzenia żydowskiego lub niemieckiego. Podstawami derywacyjnymi onimów są: imiona hebrajskie, nazwy osobowe poświadczone w SNMP oraz w antroponomastykonach żydowskich i niemieckich, nazwy miejscowe z różnych części Polski – zniemczone i w rodzimej postaci, nazwy miejscowe z różnych części Europy, a także appellativa niemieckie i jidysz. Obce nazwiska z sufiksem -er realizują kategorie kognitywne, takie jak: pokrewieństwo, pochodzenie oraz wygląd i charakter. Reprezentują czasem dwie lub trzy kategorie jednocześnie, wchodząc tym samym w relacje homonimii.
EN
This article is devoted to non-Polish personal names gathered in the SNMP and containing the suffix -er. The undertaken analysis shows that these names are characteristic of people of Jewish or German origin.. Their derivative bases are: Hebrew names, personal names gathered in the SNMP and Jewish and German anthroponomic dictionaries, Germanized and native local names from different parts of Poland, local names from different parts of Europe and German and Yiddish appellativa. Foreign surnames with the suffix -er represent such cognitive categories as: kinship, origin, appearance and character. These surnames sometimes belong to two or three cognitive categories simultaneously and create homonymous relations.
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
241-253
EN
In light of the publication of the last volume of the onomasticon “Polish Anthroponymy of 16th–18th Century”, the authors reflect on the inspiration for the dictionary. They highlight the role of Professor Aleksandra Cieślikowa in shaping the concept of the volume and present stages of its creation and publication, as well as indicating the importance of describing anthroponymic phenomena in a historical and sociocultural context. The authors discuss the structure of each entry and of the whole dictionary and the sources used. The uniqueness of the onomasticon, owing to the variety of textual data referred to in the dictionary, is emphasised. The authors believe that “Polish Anthroponymy” may be a good starting point for further syntheses for other researchers.
Onomastica
|
2021
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
189-236
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of phonetic processes in the area of vocalism in the names of the Christian population of Podlasie. The analysis showed that the absorption and functioning of Christian names in the colloquial language and dialects of Podlasie in the 16th–17th centuries in the area of vocalism were determined by the conditions for the development of Slavic phonology and phonology characteristic of the languages and dialects of the region. In the inlaut of the names, heterosyllabic vowels and diphthongs were adapted. In the analyzed period, the transformations of vowels were influenced by changes in consonantism, the quality of vowels in adjacent syllables and paroxytonic accent in Polish as well as dynamic and variable accent in Belarusian.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie procesów fonetycznych w obszarze wokalizmu w imionach chrześcijańskiej ludności Podlasia. Analiza pozwoliła ustalić, że przyswajanie i funkcjonowanie imion chrześcijańskich w języku potocznym i gwarach Podlasia w XVI-XVIIw. w obszarze wokalizmu określały uwarunkowania rozwoju fonologii ogólnosłowiańskiej oraz charakterystycznej dla języków i gwar regionu. W śródgłosie imion  adaptacji ulegały samogłoski heterosylabiczne oraz dyftongi. Na przekształcenia samogłosek w badanym okresie wpłynęły zmiany w konsonantyzmie, jakość samogłosek w sąsiednich sylabach oraz akcent paroksytoniczny w języku polskim i dynamiczny i ruchomy w białoruskim.
EN
The present article discusses the problem of the development of place-name surnames of the peasant class in the area of Brańsk in the Podlasie region, which were identical with the surnames of the local gentry. Special emphasis was laid on the issue of identification formulas based on directional relation and on their possible effect on the formation of the pattern of place-name surnames among peasants. The paper also seeks to show the ways in which surnames of that type spread in the studied area. On the basis of the excerpted source material, the study shows how, within one family, often during a long period, there was a co-existence of place-name surnames, occupation-based names, and nickname anthroponyms derived from appellative or first-name bases.
PL
W niniejszym artykule omówiono problem powstawania odmiejscowych nazwisk warstwy chłopskiej w okolicach Brańska na Podlasiu, tożsamych z nazwiskami okolicznej szlachty. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kwestię formuł identyfikacyjnych opartych na relacji kierunkowej i ich ewentualny wpływ na wytworzenie się modelu nazwisk odmiejscowych wśród chłopów. Podjęto także próbę ukazania sposobów rozprzestrzeniania się tego typu nazwisk na badanym obszarze. Na podstawie wyekscerpowanego materiału źródłowego pokazano również, w jaki sposób, w ciągu nieraz długiego okresu, koegzystowały w ramach jednej rodziny nazwiska odmiejscowe, nazwy odzawodowe oraz antroponimy o charakterze przezwiskowym zbudowane na bazach imiennych lub apelatywnych.
RU
У дадзеным артыкуле разглядаецца праблема дэрывацыі прозвішчаў сялян, утвораных ад назваў населеных пунктаў у наваколлі Бранска на Падляшшы, ідэнтычных з прозвішчамі дробнай акалічнай шляхты. Асаблівая ўвага звернута на адзінкі ідэнтыфікацыі, якія ўказваюць кірунак і іх магчымы ўплыў на фарміраванне мадэлі сялянскіх прозвішчаў ад назваў мясцовасцяў. Зроблена спроба паказаць спосабы распаўсюджвання дадзеных прозвішчаў на даследаванай тэрыторыі. Абапіраючыся на сабраны матэрыял, паказана таксама, па якіх прычынах часта на працягу доўгага перыяду суіснавалі ў межах адной сям’і прозвішчы, утвораныя ад назвы населеных пунктаў, ад назваў прафесіі, а таксама антрапонімы-мянушкі (ад асновы імён або апелятываў).
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