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EN
The Saga of Dharmapuri, written during the days of political Emergency in India, and published when the emergency was lifted, is a poignant satire upon the then Indian political administration. The decoders of this allegory find Dharmapuri in parallel with Delhi, and that of the King with Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. The beginning of the novel with the visible apocalypse of etiquette and decency in public mannerism, connotes its leanings towards postmodernist announcement of the end of grand tradition, and making even taboos to work as allegory in formal discourse. The present paper is an attempt towards decoding different metaphors and allegories used in The Saga of Dharmapuri.
EN
This contribution analyzes the role of memory and oblivion in the novels The Possibility of an Island by Michel Houellebecq and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. In both of them, these two notions play an important role in the constitution of the identity of the major characters after the collapse of civilization and during the foundation of a new humanity.
EN
The novel Demain les chats (2016) by French writer Bernard Werber favors an analysis of the animal perspective in the narrative. Understanding the way the feline protagonists as well as the relationship between animals and humans are presented can allow conclusions about a potential world of the future in which humanity has failed during the transition between the Anthropocene and the apocalypse. Thus, the animals become both the victims of the catastrophe and the new dominant group. First, the context of the argument needs to be established by providing the fundamental information on the author, his works and the novel in question, including the feline protagonists. In the subsequent stage, the analysis will shift to the manner in which the characters of cats are depicted, examined by the means of a classification focused on the relationship between animals and humans. It leads to the observation of the hybrid nature of the characters and the perspective adopted by the author to describe them. Finally, the analysis results in the examination of the world perceived by the animals, a dystopian reality where the apocalypse marks the end of the Anthropocene and the change in the existing balance of power.
FR
Le roman Demain les chats (2016) de l’écrivain français Bernard Werber favorise une analyse de la perspective animale dans le récit. Comprendre la manière de présenter les protagonistes félins ainsi que les liens entre les animaux et les humains peut permettre des conclusions sur un monde futur potentiel dans lequel l’humanité a échoué lors de la transition entre l’Anthropocène et une apocalypse, tandis que les animaux deviennent à la fois les victimes de la catastrophe et le nouveau groupe dominant. D’abord, il faut établir le contexte et fournir des informations de base sur l’auteur, son œuvre et le roman abordé, en ce compris ses protagonistes félins. Dans l’étape suivante, au centre de l’analyse se trouve la façon de dépeindre les personnages des chats, caractérisée à l’aide d’une classification focalisée sur la relation entre les animaux et les humains. Cela mène à l’observation du caractère hybride des personnages et de la perspective adoptée par l’auteur pour les décrire. Enfin, l’analyse aboutit à la caractérisation du monde observé par les animaux, une réalité dystopique dans laquelle l’apocalypse marque la fin de l’Anthropocène et le changement dans le rapport de forces existant.
EN
Post-apocalyptic novel – a catastrophic branch of science fiction devoted to the vision of civilization ruined by some sort of a cataclysm – managed to form a separate poetics of space creation. Images of the presented world depend on the psychological shape of the heroes who are directly exposed to the extreme boundary experience. When picturing the landscapes of desolated metropolises, the authors use solutions typical for horror and adventure novels, the ex- and impressionistic traditions as well as techniques typical for grotesque and naturalism. By extending the paths typical for science fiction, the post-apocalyptic novel moves away from the main movement and forms a separate convention of the description. The author of the article tries to shed some light on its assumptions by providing numerous examples of urban landscapes.
EN
The article deals with the analysis of the relationship between art, literature, and democracy, starting with the interpretation of Deleuzeʼs reading of D.H. Lawrence, Apocalypse. It is shown that in the contemporary world we are faced with a radical turn of knowledge, values and ways of thinking. Instead of the word prophecy, the act becomes a vision of transparency that has its most powerful means in the logic of mass media interaction. Hence the image that precedes the world has the potential for transforming the idea of the Book into a post-apocalyptic era of visualization of objects. With the help of Deleuzeʼs concepts such as multitude, difference and becoming, the article focuses on the criticism of the democratic emptiness of the world from which the secret has disappeared, and there has been only writing for survivors, the Book for Zombies. Is this a metaphysical testament at the time when writing has nothing more to do with the reference framework of modern art, when a change in the society could still set goals and tasks?
EN
The paper is devoted to Ewa Kuryluk’s poetry and art. The author describes intermingling dimensions of the poet’s artistic identity – existential, hermeneutical and aesthetical – presenting three major tensions present in her work. The first one is between the apocalypse and utopia. The second one may be described by the phrase from one of her poems, establishing the first rule of hermeneutics, according to which she tries to understand herself and the world. The poet defines existence and understanding as a “journey towards oneself and from oneself”. The idea of the third tension may be defined as a spread between the shade/contour and the reflection/picture. The author focuses on presenting the parallels between Kuryluk’s artistic work and her early poems.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony obrazom nieba w późnej twórczości Juliusza Słowackiego. Głównym przedmiotem rozważań są te poetyckie utwory, w których obecne są przemyślenia na temat Jerozolimy Słonecznej i związanej z nią problematyki apokaliptycznej. Owe obrazy nieba badacze zwykli byli interpretować często w kontekście (nieortodoksyjnej) filozofii genezyjskiej poety. Praca zwraca uwagę na fakt, że w późnej liryce Słowackiego, nieprzeznaczonej do publikacji, napotykamy nieco odmienną koncepcję przestrzeni niebiańskich, zgodną w swoim przesłaniu z biblijnymi obrazami nieba.
EN
This article is dedicated to the poetic images of heaven in the late poetry of Juliusz Słowacki. Until now, researchers used to relate these images and interpret them in the context of the “Genesis” philosophy of the poet. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that the late Słowacki’s lyrics, not intended for publication, show quite different pictures of heaven which seem to be similar to those in the Bible and standing somewhat in contradiction to the Genesis philosophy.
EN
The Chronicles of Narnia has an established position in the canon of children’s literature. However, what on the surface is a fairy tale involving adventures and magic; with children, kings, talking beasts, and wood spirits as main protagonists; is, in fact, a set of stories deeply rooted in Christian and chivalric traditions, containing elements of beast fable and morality tale. The story, according to Madeline L’Engle, depending on the reader's cultural knowledge and experience, may be understood on various levels, from the literal one of an adventure story for children, through the moral and allegorical levels, eventually reaching the anagogical level. While reading The Chronicles, one is able to notice various references to other written works, interwoven into the text, with the Bible, chivalric romances and beast fables being the most prominent sources of intertextual allusions. In The Last Battle Lewis attempts to answer John Donne’s question, “What if this present were the world’s last night?" (Holy Sonnet XIII) and presents a comprehensive image of Narnian apocalypse and life after death in Aslan’s country. The following paper will present the most noteworthy intertextual references in the final volume of The Narniad.
EN
The Chronicles of Narnia has an established position in the canon of children’s literature. However, what on the surface is a fairy tale involving adventures and magic; with children, kings, talking beasts, and wood spirits as main protagonists; is, in fact, a set of stories deeply rooted in Christian and chivalric traditions, containing elements of beast fable and morality tale. The story, according to Madeline L’Engle, depending on the reader's cultural knowledge and experience, may be understood on various levels, from the literal one of an adventure story for children, through the moral and allegorical levels, eventually reaching the anagogical level. While reading The Chronicles, one is able to notice various references to other written works, interwoven into the text, with the Bible, chivalric romances and beast fables being the most prominent sources of intertextual allusions. In The Last Battle Lewis attempts to answer John Donne’s question, “What if this present were the world’s last night?" (Holy Sonnet XIII) and presents a comprehensive image of Narnian apocalypse and life after death in Aslan’s country. The following paper will present the most noteworthy intertextual references in the final volume of The Narniad.
Vox Patrum
|
2012
|
vol. 57
551-573
EN
The aim of this paper was to present the Egyptian land in two apocalyptic texts both written in a Coptic language. First – the Apocalypse of Elijah (written in two Coptic dialectical versions: Sahidic and Achmimic) – shows a typical biblical meaning of Egypt as a place full of pain, death and fear. On the other hand, in the Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi Library there is the Apocalypse which gives us quite different image of that part of African land. This very Apocalypse is called the Apocalypse of Hermes Trismegistos or the Hermetic Apocalypse (written in Sahidic dialect and partly in the ancient Greek, whole test is composed in a Latin version and attributed to Ps-Apuleius of Madaura). Here, Egypt seems to be a paradise – image of heaven, land of gods and beautiful temples. But suddenly, that peaceful part of the world turns into “hell” with death, blood and pain – just like in the Apocalypse of Elijah. Our purpose was to analyze those two Coptic Apocalypse, compare the results and finally, try to find the answer on the basic questions: Egypt – heaven or hell? Could it be that this land was full of blood because of monotheistic religion?
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2020
|
vol. 15
|
issue 10
464-482
EN
This article is an attempt to answer the question why zombie motif is so popular in contemporary Polish literature. The author analyses two novels (Nocżywych Żydów by Ostachowicz, Ale z naszymi umarłymi by Dehnel) in which zombies appear. In Ostachowicz’s novel they symbolize Jewish people, who were killed during the 2nd World War. In his story the writer indicates the fact that Polish society has forgotten about their existence. Whereas in Dehnel’s novel zombie symbolizes fascism which is rising in contemporary Poland. It is worth mentioning that both writers use post-apocalyptic genre to talk about fears and prejudice of Polish society. What is more, the writers indicate that violence is now a huge problem in Poland. This convention seems to be the most adequate to discuss about moral condition of society.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego motyw zombie jest tak popularny we współczesnej polskiej literaturze. Autor analizuje dwie powieści (Noc żywych Ostachowicza, Ale z naszymi umarłymi Dehnela), w których pojawiają się zombie. W powieści Ostachowicza symbolizują Żydów, którzy zginęli w czasie II wojny światowej. W swojej opowieści pisarz zwraca uwagę na fakt, że społeczeństwo polskie zapomniało o ich istnieniu. Natomiast w powieści Dehnela zombie symbolizuje narastający we współczesnej Polsce faszyzm. Warto wspomnieć, że obaj pisarze używają gatunku postapokaliptycznego, aby mówić o lękach i uprzedzeniach polskiego społeczeństwa. Co więcej, autorzy wskazują, że przemoc jest obecnie ogromnym problemem w Polsce. Ta konwencja wydaje się najbardziej adekwatna do dyskusji o kondycji moralnej społeczeństwa.
PL
The subject of the article is the analysis of post-Chernobyl themes in the novel by Oleksandr Irwaniec Ochamimriya and in Pawel Arje’s play At the beginning and end of time. The Chernobyl disaster played a key role in the development of contemporary Ukrainian literature and culture. Chernobyl very quickly became a universal metaphor that have gone far beyond ecology and into a cultural and political context. In both works, the atomic explosion (taken literally by Arje, as the explosion of the No. IV reactor in Chernobyl and by Irvacek more vaguely as an explosion) is a key element of the plot, aff ecting both the fate of the characters and the shape of the surrounding reality. Although these works belong to two diff erent literary genres and showcase two diff erent conventions of presenting reality, they are connected by a post-apocalyptic vision of the world and the concept of a looping time. The heroes of both texts live in a time after the catastrophe, deprived of civilized goods and isolated from the rest of the world. In the novel by Irwaniec, this time after the catastrophe is a sort of “new medieval” with a decidedly pessimistic expression while in Arje’s drama the return to the pre-industrial worldview contains hope for fi nding traditional values. Both texts also address issues relevant to the modern post-Soviet society, but they do so in very different ways. Irwaneć uses grotesque, to deprive his characters of complexity, while Arje makes his characters deeply tragic and psychologically probable.
EN
This article attemps to analyse a theme of the post-apocalypse in Ziemowit Szczerek’s literary work, the author of three gonzo reportages: The Seven, The Mordor Will Come and Eat Us, The Trident Tattoo. Szczerek uses post-apocalyptic imagery to describe modern Ukraine and a newly formed country.
PL
W artykule analizowany jest motyw postapokalipsy w twórczości Ziemowita Szczerka, autora trzech reportaży w stylu gonzo: Siódemka, Przyjdzie Mordor i nas zje oraz Tatuaż z tryzubem. Szczerek wykorzystuje metaforykę postapokaliptyczną, opisując współczesną Ukrainę i tworzące się na nowo państwo.
EN
Issues discussed in post-apo fiction also gain popularity elsewhere. The devastated reality, within the a trend of alternative history is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. A good example is Apokalipsa według Pana Jana [Mr. John’s Apocalypse], with its panorama of radioactive deserts and completely devastated city. The present study analyzes the topography of the destroyed city of Wrocław in order to create a “map” of the new Fourth Republic, as well as to consider the social structures and the laws that organize the life of survivors and future generations in a new post-apo world.
PL
Problematyka post-apo zatacza coraz szersze kręgi. Bohomaz zdewastowanej rzeczywistości włączającej się w nurt alternative history stanowi niewyczerpane źródło inspiracji. Doskonałym przykładem jest w tym kontekście Apokalipsa według Pana Jana, która panoramę radioaktywnych pustyń i spustoszonych miast przenosi na grunt Polski. Celem rozważań autorki jest analiza topografii zrównanego z ziemią Wrocławia, odtworzenie „mapy” IV Rzeczpospolitej, a także przyjrzenie się wyrastającym spod gruzów lechickiej krainy strukturom społecznym oraz prawu mającemu organizować życie ocalałych i całej przyszłej generacji.
EN
The apocalyptic discourse in modern French thought tends to revolve around environmental crisis. However, in its reflection upon the end of the world it breaks with the biblical vision of the Apocalypse which describes the last turbulent days on earth and announces the triumphant return of the Messiah. According to Delsol, catastrophic thinking has adopted an equivocal approach to the Parousia. The hope of eternal life, as conveyed by the New Testament, is suppressed by the fear of climate catastrophe. Girard says that the rejection of the Gospel message of non-violence has resulted in increased terrorism and environmental pollution. Debray argues that times of crisis need to be given a meaning while disasters must be positively thought through; the prophetic books discuss the difficult present to announce the heavenly future. Latour observes that environmental sceptics live in the post-apocalyptic times. The return to biblical references is therefore to delay an imminent catastrophe. Ultimately, the entire discussion about the apocalypse without the Messiah is essentially a critique of modernity which, blinded by the ideology of growth, has plunged the world into a climate crisis.
EN
The paper focuses on the texts of online retreats delivered by father Adam Szustak and published in Straszna książka (Scary Book). The Old Testament prophecies and the Apocalypse of St. John were dealt with by the preacher. The author of the present paper analyses the ways of explicating difficult content of the prophecies, i.e. text organization, the meaning of words and Semite terms as well as the symbols and imagery. Personal evaluation of the text and the means of making it up-to-date in the retreat-giver’s persuasive discourse is highlighted.
PL
Podstawą materiałową niniejszego szkicu są opublikowane w pozycji Straszna książka teksty rekolekcji internetowych o. Adama Szustaka. Rekolekcjonista prezentował proroctwa starotestamentowe i Apokalipsę św. Jana. Autorka artykułu analizuje sposoby eksplikowania trudnych treści proroctw: konstrukcję tekstu, znaczenie słów i pojęć semickich, symbolikę, obrazowanie. Zwraca uwagę na osobiste wartościowanie tekstu i sposoby jego aktualizacji w perswazyjnych wypowiedziach rekolekcjonisty.
PL
Przedmiotem analizy są publikacje i wystąpienia Ala Gore’a, byłego wiceprezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych, laureata Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla. W omówionych w artykule tekstach i przemowach Gore konsekwentnie ostrzega przed nieuniknioną katastrofą ekologiczną, spowodowaną rabunkową gospodarką, która nie liczy się z konsekwencjami środowiskowymi. Szczególne poważne zagrożenie dla życia na Ziemi stanowi globalne ocieplenie, którego przyczyną jest wykorzystywanie paliw kopalnych jako podstawowego źródła energii nowoczesnej gospodarki. Gore uważa, że kryzysowi ekologicznemu towarzyszy kryzys duchowy, a oba te kryzysy mają źródła w filozofii oświecenia odpowiedzialnej za wyobcowanie cywilizacji z jej przyrodniczego otoczenia (Löwith, Taubes). Głoszona przez Gore’a ekologiczna apokalipsa jest manifestem koniecznej rewolucji ekonomicznej, politycznej i moralnej. Walka ze skutkami globalnego ocieplenia zakłada jednak fundamentalne zmiany w życiu wszystkich ludzi, a także odnowę moralną opierającą się na reinterpretowanych tradycjach religijnych, zwłaszcza chrześcijańskich. Z tego punktu widzenia manifest Gore’a może być opisany w kategoriach polityki wiary (Oakeshott).
EN
This article analyses books and speeches by Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Gore consistently warns of an impending ecological disaster whose cause is a robber economy which does not take into account the ecological consequences. In particular, global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, which are the basic energy source of the modern economy, is a threat to life on Earth. In Gore’s opinion, the ecological crisis accompanies a spiritual one, and both of these crises stem from the philosophy of the Enlightenment, which is responsible for alienating civilisation from its natural environment (Löwith, Taubes). Gore’s warnings of ecological apocalypse form a manifesto of the economic, political, and moral revolution that is needed. The fight against the effects of global warming presupposes fundamental changes in the way of life of every human being, as well as a moral renewal based on reinterpreted religious traditions, especially Christian ones. From this point of view, Gore’s project can be described in terms of the politics of faith (Oakeshott).
EN
Te Parables of Enoch (1 Enoch 37–71) is the second of the five parts in Te Ethiopic Book of Enoch. Tough popularly referred to as “parables”, it is classified as a literary genre of the apocalypse of the so-called otherworldly journeys with cosmic or political eschatology. Tis part of 1 Enoch is preserved only in ancient Ethiopic, and its absence in the available ancient translations of 1 Enoch (especially Greek, Latin, or in the original Aramaic), may suggest a late date of composition. In the Book of Parables one can see many references to the texts of the Old and New Testaments. Among the many theological topics appearing in 1 Enoch 37–71, the eschatological figure of the Son of Man deserves a particular attention. A comparison of this figure with descriptions in canonical and non-canonical texts allows us to present a broad spectrum of theories concerning the origin of this character and the phenomena accompanying its manifestation. Te approximation of the meaning of the Son of Man in Te Book of Parables gives the possibility of a better understanding of this title in relation to the person of Jesus who, according to the accounts of the Evangelists, referred to himself in this way. Te use of the term “Son of Man” in the context of Te Similitudes of Enoch, allows us to perceive in him an eschatological, mysterious form, coming from God, sharing in His glory, whose task is to make a definitive judgment on the world.
EN
The main objective of the paper is to discuss the theme of apocalypse and post-apocalypse used by popular literature creators. Four types of possible apocalypses will be analyzed and will be examinated, each with an example from literature. The sources of contemporary apocalypse and the consequences of introducing the theme into fantastic worlds will also be described. This theme is popular with creators and is also of great interest to the public, especially nowadays.
EN
Publications of Jehovah’s Witnesses contain numerous references to the vision of the end of the world which they preach. The doctrine of the Organization belongs to millenarian stream and proclaims that the Kingdom of God began in 1914, when Jesus ascended the throne. Mankind, according to the Watch Tower, is living “the last days”. The current situation in the world indicates that humanity should expect “great slaughter of Armageddon”. 144 000 anointed will watch Armageddon from the “new heaven” and they will oversee the works carried out on the “new earth”. After the Millennial Day of Judgment, Jehovah will release Satan and his demons who will put humanity to the proof. At the end the death will be destroyed. God, people and animals will be experiencing the joyful communion for eternity. This article does not claim the right to interfaith controversy or apology for any Christian confession, but it merely attempts to comprehensively analyse the postapocalyptic world taught by Jehovah’s Witnesses.
PL
Publikacje Świadków Jehowy obfitują w treści proklamowanej przez nich wizji końca świata. Doktryna Organizacji wpisuje się w nurt millenarystyczny, a głoszone przez nich Królestwo Boże według oficjalnej wykładni rozpoczęło swoje rządy w 1914 roku, kiedy Jezus objął w nim panowanie. Ludzkość, zdaniem Towarzystwa Strażnica, żyje w „dniach ostatnich”. Aktualna sytuacja na świecie wskazuje, iż należy oczekiwać „wielkiej rzezi Armagedonu”. Po tych wydarzeniach nastanie „nowe niebo”, w którym przebywać będzie 144 000 wybranych. Będą oni panowali nad pracami przeprowadzanymi na „nowej ziemi”. Po Tysiącletnim Dniu Sądu, Jehowa wypuści Szatana i jego demony, by poddali ludzkość ostatniej próbie. Na koniec zostanie unicestwiona śmierć. Wieczność będzie radosnym przeżywaniem obcowania z Bogiem, ludźmi i zwierzętami.  Artykuł nie rości sobie prawa do polemiki międzywyznaniowej czy apologii, którejkolwiek konfesji chrześcijańskiej, ma na celu jedynie przekrojową analizę świata „post-apo” głoszonego przez Świadków Jehowy.
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