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1
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Sympozjum
|
2018
|
issue 2(35)
131-144
PL
„Idźcie i głoście” – to wezwanie, jakie usłyszeli od Jezusa Apostołowie (zob. Mt 10,7; Mk 16,15). Wezwanie to kryje w sobie nie tylko element posłania, misji, ale również tajemnicę niezwykłego powołania do pójścia za Jezusem oraz tworzenia głębokiej z Nim relacji. W niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje próbę odczytania podobnych elementów w biblijnej i pozabiblijnej tradycji dotyczącej Abrahama. Okazuje się, że tradycja ta w wielu miejscach wykazuje cechy podobieństwa do ewangelicznych opowiadań o życiu i działalności grona Dwunastu. Daje w ten sposób podstawę, by dostrzec w Abrahamie postać Apostoła – Apostoła z Księgi Rodzaju.
EN
„And preach as you go” – this is the call which the apostles heard from Jesus (see Mt 10:7; Mc 16:15). This call comprises not only the elements of mission, but also a mystery of an unusual vocation to follow Jesus and to build a profound relation with Him. In this article the author makes attempt to find similar elements in biblical and extrabiblical tradition concerning Abraham. It turns out that this tradition shows certain similarities to the Gospel narratives concerning life and activity of twelve disciples of Jesus. In this way it constitutes basis to discover in the person of Abraham an apostle – the Apostle of the Book of Genesis.
2
84%
EN
To start with, we cannot ignore the fact that the authenticity of Paul’s apostolate is often questioned. However, the Apostle of Gentiles was aware of his experience of Jesus Christ that completely transformed his life. This fundamental encounter, an act of grace of God, serves as a guarantee of the veracity of Paul’s mission and this was confirmed by the other apostles. The vivid experience of the Saviour caused his apostolic fervour and the results: the numerous communities founded by Paul. The Gospel he preaches was entrusted to him and not made up. He sees himself as a servant of Yahweh whose objective is to assemble once more the Rest of Israel, whatever it takes. The Apostle of Gentiles knows it well that the only way to achieve this goal is by self-sacrifice. Therefore he brings the Good News not in the spirit of the human wisdom but the ‘wisdom of the Cross’ which often leads to being scorned and rejected. Despite this, he establishes the new Christian communities in order to “merit the incorruptible crown of glory”. 
PL
Na wstępie nie można zignorować faktu, że często podważa się autentyczność Pawłowego apostolatu. Nie mniej jednak, Apostoł Narodów był świadom swojego doświadczenia Jezusa Chrystusa, które całkowicie zmieniło jego życie. To stanowiące początek nowej drogi spotkanie, jako akt Bożej łaski, miało zapewnić o prawdziwości misji podjętej przed św. Pawła, co zostało potwierdzone przez pozostałych apostołów. Żywe doświadczenie Zbawiciela wzbudziło apostolską gorliwość św. Pawła, dzięki której założył on liczne gminy. Przepowiadana przezeń Ewangelia została mu powierzona i nie była żadną konfabulacją. Św. Paweł postrzega siebie jako sługę Jahwe, któremu przyświeca cel zgromadzenia raz jeszcze Reszty Izraela, niezależnie od konsekwencji. Apostoł Narodów ma pełną świadomość, że jedyną drogą do osiągnięcia owego zamierzenia jest własne poświęcenie. Z tego względu głosi Dobrą Nowinę nie w duchu ludzkiej mądrości, lecz jako „mądrość Krzyża”, która nieraz prowadzi do wyszydzenia i odrzucenia. Mimo tego zakłada on nowe chrześcijańskie wspólnoty, by zasłużyć na „niewiędnący wieniec chwały”.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest kapłaństwo Nowego Przymierza, wywodzące się od Jezusa Chrystusa, który w swoich Boskich planach pragnął, aby misja przekazana apostołom trwała aż do końca świata. Kapłan został tutaj ukazany jako sługa Eucharystii, która domaga się od niego odpowiedzi godnej daru i ofiary. Jest nią pełny i wielkoduszny dar z siebie, który znajduje swój wyraz w wiernym dążeniu do doskonałej miłości Boga i bliźniego. Zostało postawione także pytanie odnośnie kapłana, który ma sprawować Mszę św., a jest w stanie grzechu ciężkiego. Ukazano, że współistnieją dwa warunki, które będą wskazywać, że w danym momencie nie obowiązuje spowiedź tego kapłana, który ma na sumieniu grzech ciężki, a mianowicie: brak spowiednika i jednocześnie konieczność sprawowania Mszy św.
EN
Reflecting the above subject it is necessery to begin with the definition of priesthood. Therefore, starting with priesthood in pagan religions, and above all priesthood of the Old Covenant the New Covenant priesthood was shown. It shows, therefore, priesthood that comes from Jesus Christ, who called the Apostles to preach the Gospel, and become priests of those who believe in Him. Jesus Christ in his divine plan wanted the mission of the Apostles to be passed and lastuntil the end of the world, which is why the apostles, and then the bishops, and priests in the Church have a specific task. In the name of Jesus Christ they are to preach His Gospel, the Eucharist is to repeat what Jesus did at the Last Supper, to forgivesins, and to watch over the flock entrusted in their care, the deacons are to do some of these functions and to assist them. According to tradition it is the priest who can preside over the Eucharist and so sacramental validity is significant. Christ established the Sacrament of Eucharist on the eve of His Passion and commanded the Apostles, to pass it from generation to generation: „Do this in memory of me”. The teaching of the Second Vatican Council was also pointed out in the above article. The vocation to sanctify others, is very closely related to the personal holiness of every priest, to which each of them has the duty to strive for. The priest has very specific reasons to acquire excellence, because he was consecrated in a new way to God through the sacrament of priesthood. He becomes a living instruments of Christ – Priest and acts in the name and person of Christ (in persona Christi). The priest should remember that the faithful have a specific right for the priest to find in him the man of God who knows God, and therefore must learn to grow in the spiritual life based on friendship with Jesus Christ. Unfortunately, in practice, the priests as men are subject to the temptation. Therefore, the question was raised about the priest who was supposed to say the Holy Mass, but is in mortal sin, what should he do? It shows also that there are two co‑existing conditions indicating at the given moment that the confession does not apply to the priest with the mortal sin on his conscience, namely: lack of a confessor and at the same time the necessity to celebrate the Mass.
Ecumeny and Law
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 1
25-43
IT
Fino ad oggi, la vita della Chiesa primitiva riflette l’autenticità delle pratiche e dell’organizzazione interna. Questo articolo discute la questione della vita interna e dell’ordine delle comunità ecclesiali nei primi tempi della Chiesa. Allo stesso tempo, non mette in discussione il ruolo dei protagonisti della Chiesa, manifestatosi nelle concrete chiamate all’obbedienza dei fedeli, come testimoniano già gli scritti neotestamentari; cui corrispondeva anche l’istituzione del vescovo monarchico, secondo le lettere di Ignazio di Antiochia. Tuttavia, già negli Atti degli Apostoli di San Luca, ci sono testimonianze della partecipazione dell’intera comunità ecclesiale alla nomina dell’apostolo Matteo e dei primi sette diaconi. L’opera paleocristiana della Didache, oltre a sottolineare l’importanza dei portatori del carisma profetico, offre anche alle comunità ecclesiali alcuni criteri per la loro partecipazione al ministero di questi carismatici e per la loro valutazione. Il Vangelo di San Matteo e la prima lettera di San Paolo ai Corinzi indicano poi la partecipazione di tutti i membri delle comunità ecclesiali nell’attuazione delle necessarie misure penali richieste contro i cristiani colpevoli.
FR
La vie de l’Église primitive, aujourd’hui encore, reflète l’authenticité des pratiques et de son organisation interne. Le présent article traite la question de la vie interne et de l’ordre des communautés ecclésiales aux premiers temps de l’Église. Il ne remet pas pour autant en cause le rôle des personnages de premier plan dans l’Église, un rôle qui se manifeste dans les appels concrets des fidèles à l’obéissance, comme en témoignent déjà les écrits du Nouveau Testament ; à cette tendance correspondait aussi l’institution de l’évêque monarchique, selon les lettres d’Ignace d’Antioche. Cependant, déjà dans les Actes des Apôtres St. Luc, on peut lire des témoignages de la participation de l’ensemble de la communauté ecclésiale à la nomination de l’apôtre Matthieu et des sept premiers diacres. L’oeuvre paléochrétienne de la Didaché, tout en soulignant aussi l’importance des porteurs du charisme prophétique, offre aussi aux communautés ecclésiales des critères pour leur participation au ministère de ces charismatiques et leur évaluation. L’Evangile de St. Matthieu et la première lettre de St. Paul aux Corinthiens indique ensuite la participation de tous les membres des communautés ecclésiales à l’exécution des mesures pénales nécessaires contre les chrétiens coupables.
PL
The life of the primitive church, to this day, reflects the authenticity of the Church’s practices and its inner arrangement. As such, this article discusses the possibilities of the inner life and order of ecclesiastical communities in the most ancient times of the Church. It does not, however, question the significance of the role of the leading figures within the Church, as it corresponds with concrete pleas to the faithful for obedience, as already mentioned within New Testament writings, likewise does so the institution of the monarchical bishop, as propagated by the epistles of Ignatius of Antioch. However, Luke’s Acts of the Apostles do, for example, contain testimonials of the participation of the entire ecclesiastical community on the appointing of Apostle Matthias and the first seven deacons. Didache, the early Christian treatise, does too, on one note, stress the importance of the carriers of the prophetic charism, nonetheless it does offer ecclesiastical communities with certain criteria regarding their participation on the service of said charismatics, and their assessments thereof. The Gospel of Matthew, along with Paul’s first Epistle to the Corinthians, point towards participation of all the members of the ecclesiastical communities on the execution of essential penal measures against convicted Christians.
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