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EN
Research background: Web-based idea management systems provide local and global idea management potential for many well-known and established companies, such as Boeing, Panasonic, Volkswagen, Volvo and P&G. Based on previous research done by the authors, there is an existing gap in the available literature and research on the subject: (1) there is a lack of evidence on how different idea managements system types materializes in local and global contexts; (2) there is a lack of research on how frequent these systems are applied in the global context. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to clarify which of the web-based idea management system types produce significantly better results when applied in the local and in the global context. Methods: The following research attempts to close the existing research gap empirically by conducting a survey. In the research paper analysis of 447 responses was included ? global companies that use idea management systems. The respondents were reached through idea management system providers. Findings & Value added: The research results suggest that there is a difference between the intensity of different web-based idea management system types (based on involved sources and process focus) of application if these systems are used for the global or local context. The study contributes theoretically and practically to the discussion about the potential idea management system application types in different contexts.
EN
The opinion concerns the motion to convene a sitting of a Committee of Inquiry to Investigate the Correctness and Legality of Actions of Public Authorities and Institutions with regard to Entities Forming the Amber Gold Group. The scope of the Committee’s activity would include a clarification of circumstances of resignation from membership of the Committee by a member who has not been granted by the National Security Agency (ABW) a  security permit, being a  necessary condition of access to classified information. The author shows that the subject of the motion exceeds the scope of Committee’s competencies. Moreover, one should not exclude that possible irregularities in actions of the ABW occurred in an extent which is insufficient to initiate parliamentary oversight procedures, i.e. to convening a sitting of the Committee of Inquiry. Besides the motion should not been accepted due to the fact that is does not meet the requirements provided by Article. 152. paragraph 2 of the Standing Orders.
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EN
The right to peaceful assembly is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed at the level of national law, international law and European Union law. The exercise of this right is one of the main forms of active participation of individuals in public life, providing them with an effective means of expressing their views on political and other social issues, and can also be seen as a collective exercise of freedom of expression. For these reasons, the question in place is not limited only to guaranteeing this right, but alsodefining the conditions for its restriction comes to the fore. Given the originally common legal regulation of this right in the conditions of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, as well as its successor states and current problems of exercising this right, the authors consider the legal regulation of this right, the possibilities of its restriction in terms of measures taken by public authorities.
EN
The Concordat between the Holy See and the Republic of Poland was signed in 1993, but ratified in 1998. Year 2013 marks the 15th anniversary of coming into effect of the bilateral agreement. It is a good opportunity to evaluate its provisions. The paper aims to present one of the pieces of evidence from art. 10 sect. 1 no. 3 of the Concordat, namely, the evidence for registering canonical marriage in the State Civil Registry so that the marriage would be a subject to such effects as a marriage contracted according to Polish law. From the interpretation of the provision in question and application of its norms there arise some theoretical and practical problems. The author tries to solve them and give some postulates de lege ferenda so as to make the law more clear.
PL
System rowerów miejskich pozwala na wypożyczenie roweru z dowolnej stacji i jego zwrot. Celem badań było poznanie opinii użytkowników na temat aplikacji wspomagających ten system. Zakres badania dotyczył korzystania z systemu w Łodzi i oceny wybranych cech aplikacji.
EN
The bike-sharing system allows to rent a bike from any station. The aim of the study was to get to know users’ opinion on the applications supporting this system. The scope of the study concerned the use of the system in Lodz and evaluation of selected features of the application.
EN
The paper discusses one of the positions with regard to tasks which can be posed to temporal logic in connection with formalization of the tense expressions and with codification of inferences respecting these expressions. This position says that some temporal systems, especially their language, can be applied in physics, natural cosmology and philosophy of time. These systems would have to satisfy several conditions. First of all they should formalize some tense expressions appearing in the imaginational language of physics and give them appropriate inferencional apparatus. Temporal systems which could serve physics should be also recognitional valuable systems: their theorems should adequate express properties of time and temporal relations, i.e., they should be true sentences in physical model of time. Language of well constructed and appropriately used temporal systems should serve to qualify and to better communicate results of recognition connected with time occurring in the natural sciences (mainly physics).
EN
The article briefly introduces the CLIL method and its use. The paper explains the terms hard CLIL and soft CLIL. Next, it deals with CLIL specifics, possible advantages and disadvantages. The competence and educational requirements on teachers are mentioned, too. This contribution also contains a sample lesson of recruitment.
EN
The paper discusses one of the positions with regard to tasks which can be posed to temporal logic in connection with formalization of the tense expressions and with codification of inferences respecting these expressions. This position says that some temporal systems, especially their language, can be applied in physics, natural cosmology and philosophy of time. These systems would have to satisfy several conditions. First of all they should formalize some tense expressions appearing in the imaginational language of physics and give them appropriate inferencional apparatus. Temporal systems which could serve physics should be also recognitional valuable systems: their theorems should adequate express properties of time and temporal relations, i.e., they should be true sentences in physical model of time. Language of well constructed and appropriately used temporal systems should serve to qualify and to better communicate results of recognition connected with time occurring in the natural sciences (mainly physics).
EN
An application for a permit allowing a child to perform work or other gainful activities is an institution enabling the lawful employment of a person under 16 years of age. This article presents an analysis of theoretical and empirical issues concerning such an application. First, the relationship of the labour inspector with the documents attached to the application is discussed as the most controversial issue related to the issue in question. Then, each element is analysed separately on the theoretical level and is compared with the data that was obtained empirically. Finally, an assessment of the regulation of the requirements that an application for a child employment permit should meet is presented.
PL
Wniosek o zezwolenie na podjęcie pracy lub innych zajęć zarobkowych przez dziecko jest instytucją umożliwiającą zgodne z prawem zatrudnienie osoby, która nie ukończyła lat 16. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została analiza zagadnień teoretycznych i empirycznych dotyczących wspomnianego wniosku. Najpierw omówiono związanie inspektora pracy dołączonymi do wniosku dokumentami jako najbardziej kontrowersyjną kwestię związaną z analizowaną tematyką. Następnie przeanalizowano oddzielnie każdy z elementów na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej i odniesiono do nich empirycznie uzyskane dane. Na koniec przedstawiono ocenę sposobu uregulowania wymagań, jakie powinien spełniać wniosek o zezwolenie na zatrudnienie dziecka.
EN
In this article I would like to express the possibilities resulting of the application of hermeneutical ethics to the education field. Specifically I adopt the perspective of Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutical ethics as it is presented mainly in Oneself as Another. I proceed as next: (1) first, I briefly describe the structure of Ricoeur’s hermeneutical ethics; (2) after that I explain the application to medical ethics drafted by Ricoeur which I develop and expand, and (3) finally, I present how this hermeneutical ethics can be applied to the education field. Then we will be ready to expose an applied ethics for education through Paul Ricoeur’s theory. It will be evident that the key question is what defines the idea of “application” (Anwendung) itself.
PL
W powyższym artykule zostały przedstawione możliwości płynące z zastosowania etyki hermeneutycznej na polu edukacji. W szczególności pragnę wykorzystać etyczne podejście właściwe dla hermeneutyki Paula Ricoeura, jakie zaprezentował on w „O sobie samym jako innym”. Kolejno rozwijam następujące kwestie: (1) szkicowo opisuję strukturę hermeneutycznej etyki Ricoeura; (2) wyjaśniam – w sposób rozszerzony – jej zastosowanie opracowane przez Ricoeura do etyki medycznej; (3) przedstawiam, jak owa etyka hermeneutyczna może być wykorzystana w dziedzinie edukacji. W ten sposób poprzez teorię Paula Ricoeura ukaże się nam możliwość zastosowania etyki w edukacji. Naświetlona zostanie również kluczowa kwestia tego zagadnienia, czyli definicja samego pojęcia „zastosowanie” (Anwendung).
PL
Prewencyjny system wychowania Jana Bosko uwidacznia się w stylu życia i metodzie wychowania Rodziny Salezjańskiej. W artykule omówiono stan współczesny i możliwą przyszłość (aktualizację) implementacji tego systemu na Słowacji. Po przedstawieniu obecnej struktury działań oraz personelu Rodziny Salezjańskiej w dalszej części tekstu wymieniono teoretyczne opracowania na temat stosowania systemu prewencyjnego we współczesnych środowiskach życia społecznego. Całość zamyka prezentacja wybranych dokumentów Rodziny Salezjańskiej na temat aktualności systemu prewencyjnego.
EN
Preventive educational system of St. John Bosco is visible in the lifestyle and the educational approach of Salesian family. The article deals with contemporary status and possible future (actualization) of its implementation in Slovakia. After the presentation of the current state of the structure and personnel of the Salesian Family, there are showed some theoretical studies on actualization of the preventive system in contemporary social life environments. The presentation of selected documents of the Salesian Family on the actualization of preventive system closes the reflections.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the possibilities of using the technology of escape rooms in the teaching Polish a foreign language. The process of adapting for educational purposes this popular form of entertainment, commonly known in its English version as an escape room, will be followed. The need to change the form of language classes from stationary to remote work results in the introduction of new ideas for attracting the attention of students during the lessons. An excellent way to do this is to use the opportunities offered by access to new technologies. The potential of various platforms, applications, and online tools is widely described on groups that bring together teachers using Facebook. It is impossible to ignore the fact that a treasury of knowledge in this area is provided by the advice of English and Polish philologists who work mainly with Polish children. However, the tools indicated by them can also be successfully adapted for classes with foreigners – practically at any language level and regardless of age or nationality. This article pays special attention to the applications: Genial.ly, Microsoft Teams and Sutori.  
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania techniki pokoju zagadek w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej. Prześledzony zostanie proces adaptowania na potrzeby edukacyjne tej popularnej formy rozrywki, znanej powszechnie w anglojęzycznym wariancie jako escape room. Konieczność zmiany formy zajęć językowych z pracy stacjonarnej na zdalną skutkuje wprowadzaniem wciąż nowych pomysłów na przyciąganie uwagi słuchaczy w trakcie lekcji. Doskonałym sposobem jest korzystanie z możliwości, jakie oferuje dostęp do nowych technologii. Potencjał różnorodnych platform, aplikacji, narzędzi online jest szeroko opisywany na grupach, które zrzeszają nauczycieli korzystających z portalu Facebook. Nie sposób pominąć fakt, że skarbnicą wiedzy w tym zakresie są rady anglistów i polonistów, którzy pracują głównie z polskimi dziećmi. Jednak wskazane przez nich narzędzia można z powodzeniem adaptować również na potrzeby zajęć z cudzoziemcami – praktycznie na każdym poziomie językowym i niezależnie od wieku lub narodowości. W niniejszym artykule poświęcono szczególną uwagę aplikacjom: Genial.ly, Microsoft Teams oraz Sutori.
EN
Start-up enterprises can benefit from EU funding in the initial phase of their activity. Subsidies for starting a business are granted through various institutions appointed to implement various EU programmes and to hand over funds of the State Budget. Therefore, unemployed individuals who wish to undertake economic activity can use funding offered by employment agencies. This sort of assistance is disbursed on specific terms in the form of a deposit for start-up enterprises. Newly created entities can benefit from EU funding through two programmes: Regional Operational Programme for the Lublin Region for 2007-2013 and Rural Development Programme for 2007-2013. In both cases the financial assistance consists in reimbursement of the costs incurred, but the difference concerns the location of the investment, namely the former programme is realised in urban-rural communes, urban communes and in municipalities counting over 5 000 inhabitants. On the other hand, the Rural Development Programme assists investments located in rural, rural-urban and urban communes, excluding municipalities of more than 5 000 inhabitants.
PL
W glosowanym orzeczeniu Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny (dalej: NSA) dokonał istotnego potwierdzenia skuteczności kierowania wniosków drogą elektroniczną (zwykłym mailem) do podmiotów zobowiązanych na podstawie przepisów ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej nawet wtedy, gdy wniosek taki (mail) nie trafia bezpośrednio na adres skrzynki podawczej, czy też na adres mailowy konkretnej osoby wskazanej jako właściwa do ich przyjęcia w imieniu zobowiązanego, ale właśnie do spamu, czy też innych rożne zdefiniowanych folderów w systemie informatycznym użytkowanym przez zobowiązanego. Autor podkreśla zasadność nie tylko samego orzeczenia NSA, ale również jego merytorycznego uzasadnienia.
EN
In the commented judgment, the Supreme Administrative Court (hereinafter: the Supreme Administrative Court) made a significant confirmation of the effectiveness of sending applications by electronic means (ordinary e-mail) to entities obliged under the provisions of the Act on Access to Public Information, even when such an application (e-mail) does not go directly to the mailbox address or to the e-mail address of a specific person indicated as competent to accept them on behalf of the obligated party, but to spam, or other various defined folders in the IT system used by the obligated party. The author emphasizes the legitimacy of not only the ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court, but also its substantive justification.
EN
The subject of this paper is analysis of the powers granted to churches and religious organizations in the proceedings before the Constitutional Court. According to the author, this competence is a manifestation of the principle of cooperation of the state and churches and other religious organizations for the common good. Analysed entities are reluctant to use the abovementioned power, so the author reminds the permissible scope of religious organizations applications as well as presents the proceedings before the Constitutional Court, pointing to the specific requirements in this regard for churches and religious organizations.
EN
The paper shows general concept of use of probability theory methods in analysis of legal norm application scope understood as class of events to which given legal norm is applicable. Proposed solution assumes that application scope can be regarded as event, thus it is allowed to calculate probability of such an event. Indictation of probability of event, which is application scope of given legal norm enables to verify in objective manner how common shall be application of given legal norm. That kind of information may improve legislative process due to selection of legal norms, which shall found limited application and which entail merely overproduction of law, which is particularly important taking into account vast numbers of enacted legal acts.
PL
Praca przedstawia ogólną koncepcję zastosowania metod rachunku prawdopodobieństwa do analizy zakresu zastosowania normy prawnej, rozumianego jako klasa zdarzeń, w których zastosowanie ma dana norma prawna. Proponowane rozwiązanie zakłada, że zakres zastosowania normy stanowi zdarzenie losowe, co z kolei umożliwia ustalenie prawdopodobieństwa zaistnienia tego zdarzenia. Określenie prawdopodobieństwa zdarzenia losowego, jakim jest zakres zastosowania danej normy prawnej, pozwala w sposób zobiektywizowany zbadać, na ile powszechnie stosowana będzie dana norma prawna w przyszłości. Z kolei takie informacje umożliwią usprawnienie procesu legislacyjnego poprzez dokonanie selekcji norm, które w praktyce nie znajdą szerokiego zastosowania i które prowadzą jedynie do nadprodukcji prawa, co jest szczególnie istotne przy liczbie obecnie uchwalanych aktów prawnych.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the possibility of using the Genial.ly app during long-distance classes with foreigners. The application allows not only to create games, quizzes or escape rooms, but also infographics, interactive illustrations, guides, tasks true-false, exercises consisting in pairing and completing a timeline or map. This online tool give a possibility to design a presentation in three variants: traditional – using text and graphics, video – in the form of a short film, which can be an alternative to webinars, as well as textbook’s chapter with introduction at the beginning and with a short quiz at the end. The article not only presents the potential of a popular application, but also gives examples how to use the tool during lessons of Polish as a foreign language. All tasks have been verified in groups of foreigners during classes as part of real-time lessons and as homework.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania narzędzia Genial.ly podczas zdalnych zajęć z cudzoziemcami. Aplikacja umożliwia nie tylko tworzenie gier, quizów lub pokoi zagadek, ale także infografik, interaktywnych ilustracji, przewodników, zadań typu prawda–fałsz, ćwiczeń polegających na łączeniu par oraz uzupełnianiu osi czasu lub mapy. Nauczyciel ma również możliwość zaprojektowania prezentacji w trzech wariantach: tradycyjnym – z użyciem tekstu oraz grafiki, wideo – w formie krótkiego filmu, który może stanowić alternatywę dla webinarów, a także w wersji rozdziału z podręcznika łączącego treści wprowadzane podczas zajęć z krótkim quizem sprawdzającym przyswojoną wiedzę. Artykuł nie tylko prezentuje potencjał popularnej aplikacji, ale podaje również przykłady konkretnych sposobów wykorzystania narzędzia podczas lekcji języka polskiego jako obcego. Przedstawione zadania stworzone w aplikacji Genial.ly zostały zweryfikowane w grupach cudzoziemskich podczas zajęć prowadzonych zdalnie, zarówno jako element lekcji w czasie rzeczywistym, jak i praca domowa.
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