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Arbitration in employment disputes - de lege ferenda comments 15 years after arbitration clauses in employment relations were introduced in the civil procedure

100%
Skowron R.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2020
|
vol. 31
|
issue 3
95-106
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the existing model of employment arbitration in Poland in force since 2005. According to Article 1164 of the Code of Civil Procedure, arbitra¬tion clauses in employment disputes can only be established once a dispute has already arisen. In reality, this post-dispute voluntary regulation has no practical value and employment ar- bitration is an instrument used extremely rarely in Poland. On the basis of examination of applicable laws, the author shows that in given factual and legal circumstances a reasonable employee and a reasonable employer shall seldom have a cause to simultaneously agree to arbitrate an already existing dispute. By applying the com- parative method at the same time, the paper examines possible criteria of distinguishing categories of disputes, agreements, persons and other conditions that would permit a valid arbitration clause in employment agreements. In conclusion, the author demonstrates that, firstly, the existing voluntary post-dispute employment arbitration model in Poland is a fictitious one and requires reform and, sec- ondly, that both a full elimination of arbitration clauses in employment agreements and a full arbitration clause for all future disputes are too blunt a tool not taking into account the real needs and requirements of today’s employees and employers. The author calls for a more nu- anced regulation of employment arbitration in Poland.
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Wykładnia i konwersja niewykonalnego zapisu na sąd polubowny. Uwagi na tle stanowiska Sądu Najwyższego

75%
Bławat M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2017
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vol. 26
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issue 2
463-492
EN
The article focuses on the issues of interpretation and conversion (Latin: conversio, German: Konversion, Umdeutung) of the unenforceable arbitration clause in accordance with the directives laid down in article 65 of Polish Civil Code. The startpoint for further deliberations is the thesis of the Polish Supreme Court's verdict in case no. II CSK 263/08, according to which interpretation of a declaration of will serves only to clarify the terms used by parties rather than to supplement the declaration of will or to change the meaning of the terms and phrases used. In mentioned verdict the Polish Supreme Court also stated that if the arbitration clause has proved to be unenforceable, for example due to a faulty indication of arbitrator, it is not admissible to convert such a clause into another arbitration agreement. The first thesis of Polish Supreme Court is unquestionable, although its further justification and application by the Supreme Court raises some critical remarks, widely described in the article. According to the Author, this statement was used by the Supreme Court in too radical way. The second thesis has not been supported by further arguments. The aim of the article is also to provide further justification for the second thesis of the Polish Supreme Court.
3
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The legality and equity of pre-dispute mandatory arbitration clauses in the credit card contracts under the current Kuwaiti arbitration law: a comparative analytical study

75%
Alhusainan A.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2022
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
113-127
EN
While the enforceability of arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, notably credit card contracts, has been well developed in some jurisdictions like the United States and the Czech Republic, the issue has not yet arisen in Kuwait, largely because the development of the credit card sector is relatively new, but, more importantly, because the arbitration system has generally been limited in practice to specific contexts that have not yet included consumer disputes in relation to credit cards. This article examines both the likelihood that Kuwaiti financial institutions will adopt pre-dispute mandatory arbitration clauses in credit card agreements in the near future, and the likelihood that those clauses, often significantly unfair to consumers, will be enforced under current Kuwaiti laws. It proposes amendments to relevant Kuwaiti legislation to mitigate the harshness of the enforcement of these clauses in the consumer credit card context and to provide greater balance between the interests of card issuers and cardholders.
4

Granice podmiotowe zapisu na sąd polubowny zawartego w umowie, której stroną jest osobowa spółka handlowa

63%
Malinowska-Woźniak K.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2016
|
issue Acta Iuris nr 16
PL
W praktyce spółek prawa handlowego poddanie sporu pod rozstrzygnięcie sądu polubownego może nastąpić w dwóch sytuacjach. Po pierwsze, na podstawie umowy stron, w której wskazany zostanie przedmiot sporu lub stosunek prawny, z którego spór wyniknął lub może wyniknąć. Po drugie, wiążący spółkę oraz jej wspólników zapis na sąd polubowny dotyczący sporów ze stosunku spółki może zostać zamieszczony w umowie (statucie) spółki handlowej. Zagadnienie statutowej klauzuli arbitrażowej poddano szczegółowej analizie w licznych opracowaniach naukowych. Wątpliwości interpretacyjne pojawiają się jednak również na tle zakresu podmiotowego oraz przedmiotowego zapisu na sąd polubowny zawieranego w umowie, której stroną jest spółka. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto zatem próbę analizy przypadków, w których zakres podmiotowy skutków zapisu na sąd polubowny ulega rozszerzeniu, a w szczególności spróbowano odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy zapis zawarty w umowie, której stroną jest spółka osobowa, ulega rozszerzeniu na wspólników tej spółki, ponoszących odpowiedzialność za zobowiązania spółki.
EN
In the course of the company’s operations submitting a dispute for settlement to an arbitration court may occur in the following two circumstances. Firstly, the parties may conclude an agreement specifying the matter at issue or the legal relationship from which a dispute arose or could arise. Secondly, an arbitration clause in the articles of association of a commercial company concerning disputes arising from company relationships is binding on the company and its shareholders. Problems connected with the issue statutory arbitration clause has been detailed analyzed in the literature. However interpretational doubts occur also in connection with objective and subjective scope of arbitration clause situated in the agreement concluded by a company. In this paper had been made an attempt to analyze cases in which the objective scope of an arbitration clause expands, in particular to answer a question whether arbitration clause situated in the agreement concluded by a company extends and includes the members of a company who held responsibility for the company’s assets.
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