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Przekształcenia lokalnego środowiska przyrodniczego i użytkowanie roślin w późnośredniowiecznym Pucku

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Maciejewska K., Miśkowicz I., Święta-Musznicka J., Badura M., Pińska K.

Pomorania Antiqua

2020

vol. Tom XXIX

s. 127-154

The article presents current results of the archaeobotanical investigation of materials from the cultural layers that represent the late medieval Puck. Based on them, an interesting picture of a small town emerges, which intensively developed after achieving its municipal status. This is evidenced not only by historical data and archaeological finds, but also by a significant proportion of synanthropic plants, including those typical of ruderal habitats. It can be assumed that the degree of transformation of separate parts of the town was not identical, and the local authorities tried to keep the most representative part of Puck, which was the market square, tidy. The presence of segetal weeds can be explained by importing agricultural products to Puck, which indirectly indicates the use of cereals as an article of trade and/or diet. The swamps in the surrounding of the town were transformed over time into various types of meadows and pastures, which constituted a source of fodder or other materials used within the parcels. Remains of consumption plants indicate the significant role of local products, through which the diet of Puck residents seems to have been characteristic of a moderately prosperous society. However, traces of figs, preserved in surprisingly large quantities, are proof of the import of exotic products to town. Only part of the inhabitants could have had access to them. In the case of parcels 123, 156, or 168, it can be assumed that their owners constituted a richer group having contacts, e.g. with Gdańsk.

Raně postmerojský pohřeb lučištníka z pohoří Sabaloka

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Varadzinová Suková L., Varadzin L., Havelková P., Novák J., Pokorná A., Pokorný P.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

2015

issue 14

72-77

In 2011, the expedition of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) excavated one of three tumuli on one of the settlement terraces at the late prehistoric site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-21) at Jebel Sabaloka and the Sixth Nile Cataract in central Sudan. The excavation brought to light a standard burial of an archer dated to the early post-Meroitic period with important series of archaeobotanical (pollen, macro-remains, charcoal) and palaeomalacological (land snails) data. The results of the multi-disci - plinary investigation of the tumulus discuss ed in this paper illustrate the marked, but so far only little exploited potential of these monuments, omnipresent in the archaeological land - scapes of central Sudan, for extending our knowledge of not only the burial rites, but also of the supra-regional distribution of artefacts, the character of the environment and, last but not least, of subsistence strategies in this particular period.

Studium současné vegetace v Súdánu jako důležitý nástroj pro interpretaci archeobotanických výzkumů v severovýchodní Africe

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Pokorná A., Kuncová K.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

2015

issue 14

94-103

Attempts at reconstructing past environments are an important part of archaeobotanical investigations. However, any interpretation of archaeobotanical data must be, among other things, based on a detailed knowledge of species behaviour in recent vegetation. To meet this requirement, we studied vegetation in the area surrounding archaeological excavations in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka, near the 6th Nile Cataract in the Sudan, based on sample-plots (relevés) in different habitats covering a gradient from dry rocks to the irrigated alluvial plain of the River Nile. The species composition variability clearly corresponds with the environmental gradient of water availability. In addition to that, the vegetation of the irrigated alluvial plain shows a clear difference in the management of the plots (fields versus scrubby edges). Plant species with a narrow niche were selected as potential diagnostic species for certain habitats, in contrast to species with a broad niche. However, we need to be cautious in making generalizations about this finding. Especially for reconstructing the remote past, the knowledge of the local environment would be insufficient. It is generally known that the Holocene climate differed distinctively from that of today. In reconstructing the older phases of the Holocene, it is necessary to investigate recent vegetation in areas situated much further to the south.

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2 Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 2020

2 2015

2 Pokorná A.

1 Badura M.

1 Havelková P.

1 Kuncová K.

1 Maciejewska K.

1 Miśkowicz I.

1 Novák J.

1 Pińska K.

1 Pokorný P.

1 Varadzin L.

1 Varadzinová Suková L.

1 Święta-Musznicka J.

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Przekształcenia lokalnego środowiska przyrodniczego i użytkowanie roślin w późnośredniowiecznym Pucku

Raně postmerojský pohřeb lučištníka z pohoří Sabaloka

Studium současné vegetace v Súdánu jako důležitý nástroj pro interpretaci archeobotanických výzkumů v severovýchodní Africe