Cel badań. Ocena poziomu aktywności ruchowej mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Określenie motywów oraz podjęcie próby ustalenia przyczyn poziomu aktywności fizycznej. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 277 mężczyzn w wieku 18–70 lat (średnia wieku 32,57± 8,85 roku) przebywający w Areszcie Śledczym we Wrocławiu. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego przy użyciu Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej IPAQ oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza dotyczącego roli aktywności fizycznej. Wyniki. Niski poziom aktywności odnotowano u 46,5% badanych, umiarkowany u prawie 12%, a wysoki u ponad 41%. Jedynie u 43% osadzonych BMI było w normie. Głównymi motywami do podejmowania wysiłku fizycznego okazała się chęć utrzymania sprawności oraz aspekty związane z poprawą cech osobowości i charakteru. Wnioski. Niski poziom aktywności ruchowej u aresztowanych może wynikać ze specyfiki warunków odbywania kary. Istotne wydaje się angażowanie mężczyzn do pracy fizycznej oraz organizowanie działań profilaktycznych zgodnych z potrzebą grupy.
EN
Background. Assessment of the level of physical activity men during detention. Defining motifs and to try to determine the causes of a specific level of physical activity. Material and methods. The test group consisted of men (n = 277) aged 18–70 from Remand Centre in Wroclaw. The average age of subjects was 32,57 ± 8,85. In the research technique the diagnostic survey using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and a questionnaire concerning the role of activity in life. Results. Low level of physical activity was noted in 46.5% of respondents, moderate in almost 12% of people, and high in over 41% of respondents. Only 43% of prisoners had BMI in the norm. The main motives for action were the willingness to maintain efficiency and aspects related to the improvement of personality and character traits. Conclusions. Low levels of physical activity may result from specific conditions for prisoners serving a sentence. It seems important to engage men in physical work and organize preventive activities in line with the group’s needs.
Educational processes as an issue, concern not only the society as a whole, but also the part of it, which happens to be rejected, stigmatized and sometimes even isolated. In the period in which the processes of rehabilitation undergo crisis and prison service is looking for effective solutions to reduce recidivism rates, noticing how important education is in the correctional process of a convict is essential. As an educated prisoner is the one who is equipped with instruments giving him or her more opportunities to assimilate into society after leaving a penitentiary unit. Acquisition of professional quali fi cations, education at a secondary level, general, technical or even higher, give a much greater chance of re-adaptation to the environment after serving a sentence.
The present state of scientific knowledge suggests that individuals cannot be deprivedof fundamental human rights. Human dignity must be respected and protected,especially in the case of individuals in difficult circumstances. Prison is certainly notan easy place to be. People in custody can feel lonely, separated from their families,friends or working life. The difficult situation that they are facing can lead to loneliness,susceptibility to diseases, an increased risk of aggression and severance of family ties.People in such a situation can easily fall victim of assaults on human dignity. That iswhy the ruling elites should make every effort to ensure their rights.In those circumstances, prisoners’ rights must be guaranteed by law. In accordancewith the principle of proportionality enshrined in Article 31 section 3 of the Constitutionof the Republic of Poland, the rights and duties of persons remanded in custodyhave to be regulated by legislation, mainly by the Executive Penal Code. In addition,according to the rules laid down in Article 4 section 2 of the Executive Penal Code,imprisoned persons retain their civil rights, and any restrictions on their rights maybe justified only if they are stipulated by law and valid decisions based on statutorygrounds. However, it should not be overlooked that the final shape of the rights ofpersons remanded in custody is influenced by secondary legislation and even de cisionsof the director of a penitentiary unit or other officers. By way of example, prisoners’visiting rights have to be guaranteed by law. For example, if the relevant legislationensured that the prisoner has the right to visits by the family every month, such visitscould preferably take place at a convenient time, e.g. at weekends.The aim of this paper was to confront the legal acts with statutory and internationalregulations which impact on the situation of prisoners. This situation wascompared with the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Internalorders of penitentiary units laid down by their directors were analysed from twoperspectives. Firstly, the authors verified if the directors implemented their internalorders in pursuance of the law. The issue is that any limitation on the vested rights hasto be based on law. Secondly, it is important how selected human rights are respectedin the internal orders and whether any such limitations are justified in the light of the applicable law and ECHR jurisprudence. For example, such issues as waterand bath availability, the right to use electricity, walking conditions, right to visits byfamily and friends, telephone contacts and access to the Internet, practising faith wereexamined during the research. Penitentiary isolation impacts on the prisoners’ freedom,especially in some types of penitentiary units. Therefore, particular attention shouldbe paid to improve the detention conditions. However, it should not be forgotten thatthe deprivation of liberty is punishment in itself. There is no need to cause unnecessarysuffering, especially without legal grounds. By the same token, it is not necessary tomake the burden of isolation heavier. The authors pointed out solutions inserted intopenitentiary, accessing its relevance. Any restriction of the prisoners’ rights musthave a legitimate basis laid down by law. The financial standing of countries, prisonovercrowding and an insufficient number of officers cannot be an excuse for anygovernment. The penitentiary system should be organised in such a way as to ensurefull respect for the rights of all prisoners. T he paper also points to the lack of detailedregulations in individual units, despite the obligation for such regulations to exist. Aswell as other problems, there is also the issue of regulations which became too wideand general, contrary to the principle of legal certainty. In effect, it is difficult to enforcein practice some rights which are not expressly conferred by law.
Promoting workforce readiness among prison inmates in Poland is relevant to the achievement of rehabilitation goals. To review the workforce readiness policies for prison inmates which are implemented in Poland and to assess their advantages, the paper first provides the basic data about the execution of prison terms in Poland. Then, the findings of a research study carried out in correctional facilities of four inspectorates in northern Poland (Gdańsk, Olsztyn, Szczecin, and Koszalin) in 2017–2018 are reported to draw conclusions about the workforce readiness policies for prison inmates applied in the Polish penitentiary system. The study relied on the diagnostic survey method. Questionnaires to be completed were sent to the correctional facilities with permission of the respective inspectorate’s authorities. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with the correctional staff responsible for the promotion of workforce readiness. The study found that the workforce readiness policies for prison inmates in Poland included European and national projects, therein original projects of the facility staffs, work, education, and vocational counselling for inmates.
PL
Pytanie o formy aktywizacji zawodowej osadzonych w Polsce ma istotne znaczenie z punktu widzenia realizowanych celów resocjalizacji. Próbując odpowiedzieć na pytanie o stosowane w Polsce rozwiązania w zakresie aktywizacji zawodowej osadzonych i korzyści wynikających z podejmowania tego rodzaju działań, w pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności w Polsce. Następnie na podstawie wyników badań w jednostkach penitencjarnych na terenie czterech inspektoratów w Polsce północnej (Gdańsk, Olsztyn, Szczecin i Koszalin) prowadzonych w latach 2017–2018 sformułowano wnioski na temat stosowanych rozwiązań w zakresie form aktywizacji zawodowej osadzonych wykorzystywanych w polskim systemie penitencjarnym. Badania zostały zrealizowane przy wykorzystaniu metody sondażu diagnostycznego. Po uzyskaniu zezwolenia władz inspektoratów do jednostek penitencjarnych rozesłana została ankieta z prośbą o jej wypełnienie. Następnie zostały przeprowadzone wywiady z personelem działów penitencjarnych zajmującym się zawodową aktywizacją osadzonych. Wśród stosowanych rozwiązań w zakresie aktywizacji zawodowej osadzonych w Polsce są projekty europejskie, krajowe – w tym również rozwiązania autorskie kadry jednostek, praca, edukacja i poradnictwo zawodowe dla skazanych.
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