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Medieval lamellar armour plate from the Penjikent. A contribution to the study of Mongol armour

100%

KUBIK A.

Historia i Świat

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2020

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issue 9

83-92

EN

This article analyses the lamellae discovered in the Tajik village of Kuktoš in the territory of the mediaeval part of the city of Penjikent, published by F.Š. Aminov in Petersburg in 2017 and currently held in archives of the Historical Museum of Ancient Penjikent. This item, which dates to the pre-Mongol, most likely Karakhanid, period, provides an opportunity to look again on some already published finds of lamellar plates from Central Asia. It gives a chance to look again on the problem of the armour used by Mongols during their conquest of Asia and Eastern Europe.

2

„The Ionians at War?“ Die Waffenweihungen in den ionischen Heiligtümern und das Apollon‑Heiligtum von Didyma

86%

Verčík M.

Studia Hercynia

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2017

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vol. 21

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issue 2

7-26

EN

Weapons and armour were among the most frequent kinds of offerings made in the sanctuaries of the Greek world during the Archaic period. There exists an extensive bibliography and important theories concerning their significance. It was, however, only recently that most of the weapon votives preserved from about 130 cult places were analysed in summary. This synopsis pointed out certain differences in terms of chronology and chorology: the finds of weapons and armour were unearthed mainly in the Panhellenic or supra‑regional sanctuaries in the southern and central Greece (Olympia, Delphi, Kalapodi etc.), whereas the cult places in the eastern Aegean remained relatively poor in these dedications; in Attika and Magna Graecia on the other hand the amount of the votives only started to increase in the 6th c. BC. The aim of this study is to complement the picture of weapons and armour dedicated in sanctuaries of the ancient Greek world with the recently published and excavated finds from the eastern Aegean region of Ionia.

3

The Relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots Monastery (1134) as a Source for Studying Arms and Armour of Medieval Armenian Warriors

72%

Dymydyuk D.

Studia Ceranea

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2019

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vol. 9

207-250

EN

Byzantium’s arms and armours were researched by many historians. For that reason, the military history of the medieval Roman Empire enjoyed a dominant position in medieval historiography, with the consequence that very often the military history of small nations (under Roman influences) was written from the perspective of the Eastern Romans historians. The aim of the paper is to change this perspective and give the subject of the medieval Armenian military the attention it deserves. The idea is to perform an analysis of the relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots monastery, where four equestrians and one infantryman are depicted, and to compare it with other Armenian, Byzantine and Muslim sources. In this relief, a spherical mace head and a sword with sleeve cross-guard are represented, suggesting many parallels with East-Roman archaeological and figurative sources. No less important is the depiction of the military trumpet because it is the first image of this object in Armenian art, which can be compared with pictures from the Madrid Skylitzes (13th c.). In addition, the only defensive weapon which is presented in this relief is a round shield with a floral ornament. There are many depictions of round shields in Armenian miniatures and reliefs from 10th–11th c. Moreover, this relief is one of the few where stirrups and the chape of a scabbard are shown. These elements represent an important piece of information because these pictures can be compared with actual archaeological East-Roman artefacts to reconstruct their real look. The conclusions are that the majority of Armenian weapons bear similarities to Byzantine ones but no less important are the Muslim influences, which have been found in some cases. Located between two civilizations (Byzantium and the Muslim Potentates), Armenians adopted the best solutions of their military technologies, creating their own culture. Moreover, thanks to this comparative analysis, further support will be given to the idea that medieval figurative sources are more or less accurate material for studying medieval military history.

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1 Historia i Świat

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Medieval lamellar armour plate from the Penjikent. A contribution to the study of Mongol armour

„The Ionians at War?“ Die Waffenweihungen in den ionischen Heiligtümern und das Apollon‑Heiligtum von Didyma

The Relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots Monastery (1134) as a Source for Studying Arms and Armour of Medieval Armenian Warriors