Search results

1

Európsky zatýkací rozkaz

100%

Makovcová M.

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2012

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issue 2(9)

253-260

EN

European Arrest Warrant is cleary one of the most important institutes within the criminal justice co-operation of the European Union´s organs. Its implementation significantly simplified way of surrender for the purpose of prosecuting, imprisonment or safety measures. When taking to the laws of the Member States and a long-term use of proved application problems related to it what in Slovak Republic led to an adoption of two laws on the European Arrest Warrant. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that without such an institute in those days of free movement of people, would be very difficult searching for those people, their transfer from a state to another state where a criminal prosecution or punishment is taking place.

2

Obowiązek natychmiastowego zwolnienia osoby pozbawionej wolności, wobec której uchylono tymczasowe aresztowanie lub odstąpiono od jego stosowania – przepisy prawa na tle nieprawidłowej praktyki

80%

Przybycień M.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 4

147-155

EN

The subject of the article is analysis of regulations concerning the obligation of immediately release person in custody in a situation where arrest is repealed or not applied in context of incorrect practice. The author presents selected legislation, doctrinal standpoints and practice in this matter.

3

Prawa człowieka a zatrzymanie i tymczasowe aresztowanie w polskim prawie i praktyce jego stosowania

61%

Bulenda T., Hołda Z., Rzepliński A.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1992

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issue XVIII

103-146

EN

The social and political changes in Poland led to abolition of Realsozialismus which is now being replaced with a democratic country governed by Rechtostaat (Art. 1 of the Constitution) from aspirations after national freedom and respect of human rights in public life. The problem of protection of individual freedom made itself particularly felt here; it is also subject of the present paper which discusses the protection of individual subjectivity in the light or the institutions of arrest and detention awaiting trial. Until quite recently, Poland was one of the many Communist countries where human rights were violated much too often, also on the occasion of arrest and detention awaiting trial. Many factors were conductive to this situation, such as faulty legislation; inadequate socjal consciousness; depreciation of the authorities, law and other norms; prevalence of repressiveness in dealing with social pathologies; and absence of social control of the activity of law enforcement agencies, the police and prison staff in particular. But the weakness of legal protection of individual resulted also from a strong relation of the activities of practically all governemental and social bodies those dealing with prosecution and investigation as well as administration of justice included, to politics. This political nature of functioning of those agencies, resulting monopolistic power of the Communist party, led to a limitation of the independance of the judiciary. The adoption of new political principles of Polish State and election of the new Parliament (on June 4, 1989), together with formaion of the non-Communist Cabinet, created the conditions for a new criminal policy based step by step on European standards. The institutions of arrest and detention awaiting trial well illustrate the pathology of functioning of the agencies of legal order and the direction of changes taking place in criminal policy. They also demonstrate a specific paradox; the Polish people’s great devotion to freedom and the simultaneous unfeeling tramling of that freedom. The two institutions have been discussed from the viewpoint of protection of human rights on both the normative plane and in the practice of the years 1980–1990. Arrest is one of the forms of coercion which consists in a short-term deprivation of liberty. The Polish legal system provides for procedural, preventive and administrative arrest. Each of these types has a separate legal regulation (procedural arrest, the Act of 19 April 1969 – Code of criminal procedure; preventive arrest, the Act of 6 June 1990 on the police and another Act bearing that same date on State Protection Office, together with their executory acts; and administrative arrest, the Act of 28 October 1982 on education to sobriety and control of alcoholism). Moreover, each type of arrest is to serve different aims (procedural arrest, protection of propriety of criminal proceedings; preventive arrest, protectton of order and public safety, human life and health, and property; and administrative arrest, control of alcoholism). Also different are the conditions of arrest, the agencies authorized to apply it, and the period for which a person can be detained. The present authors focus mainly on preventive arrest related to the administrative function of the police as guardian of order. That form was particularly abused and human rights were often violated in the course of its execution. Preventive arrest has recently undergone significant changes both in the normative sphere and in practice. As compared to the former one, its present regulation: 1. defines its legal grounds with greater accuracy; 2. broadens the detainee’s rights; and 3. introduced judicial review. This has contributed to the curbing of arbitrary police activities in this sphere. Duration of arrest is specified in the Constitution (Art. 87) and in the provision of Art. 207 of the code of criminal procedure. It cannot be londer than 48 hours from the moment of detention, and 24 hours in the case of administrative arrest (Art. 40 of the act on education to sobriety and control of alcoholism). Violations of these provisions have so far been frequent. In the case of procedural and preventive arrest, the rights of the detainee are the same. According to the valid provisions, the detainee has the following rights among others: the right to be informed in writing as to the time and reasons of arrest; the right to be advised as to the possibility of complaining to the court against the application of that measure, and to the public prosecutor against the way of its execution: the right to health care. The catalogue of the detainee’s rights is insufficient: e.g. it does not contain the right, to legal assistance (conseul). What particularly impairs the protection of the detainee’s personal interests is the absence of by-laws concerning the execution of arrest in the police house of detention, as the duplicated set of provisions called ,,By-laws for Detainees”, introduced by an order of the Chief of Civic Militia in 1959, hardly comes up to the standards. The provisions now in force have broadened the range of legal means of vindication of his rights that are at the detainee’s disposal. Particularly notable here is the reintroduction of the institution of habeas corpus. Namely, the detainee has been granted the right to complain to the court against arrest (Art. 207 point ”a,, of the Code of criminal procedure) and to the public prosecutor against the way of execution of arrest (Art. 15.7 of the Act on the police). If the arrest has been obviously unjustified, the detainee is due indemnity from the Treasury and monetary compensation of moral injury (Art. 487 of the Code of criminal procedure); the same concerns the situation where he has suffered damage or injury as a result of an improper execution of arest (Art.Art. 417-419 of the Civil code). Besides, the detainee may approach the court with a claim in virtue of protection of his personal interests (Art.Art. 23 and 24 of the civil code). In the latter half of 1990, arrest was executed in 798 police houses of detention all over the country, that is fewer by a whole 71,7 per cent as compared to 1989. The recent changes have made it possible to abolish the division of houses of detention into categories (of which there used to be three according to the duration of detention). The number of arrests amounted to over 500,000 a year at times (with the peak of 572,220 in 1982 – see Table 1). Starting from 1988, it gradually went down to nearly one-third of its original value which reflects above all the general liberalization of the police approach towards crime and other deviations. In the period under analysis, the living conditions in the police jails were – and still are primitive and many a time offensive to human dignity. This has been confirmed by the present author’s own study and two surveys of those jails carried out by the National Ombudsperson. An acute problem is the right to apply constraint during and upon detention. It is regulated by provisions of the police Act and an Ordinance of the Council of Ministere of 17 September 1990 which specifies the situations, conditions and ways in which direct coercion can be used by the police. Without questioning the grounds for such coercion, not only the legal conditions of its application but also the faults or even abuses in this sphere have been pointed out. What the authors find the most severe violation of human dignity are neither humiliating conditions of isolation nor illicit prolongation of detention but first and foremost beating of a person after he has surrendered to the power of enforcement officers. Cases of beating have again started growing in number this year (as has been found by the Helsinki Committee in PoIand and the National Ombudsperson). The activities of the public prosecutor’s office in this sphere have been criticised in the article. The paper also discusses the consequences of the introduction of Art. 209 of the Code of criminal procedure which made it possible to commit to the police jails persons detained awaiting trial (for up to ten days or three months), and even those sentenced to a prison term (of up to six months). This provision has recently been quashed, but the police press for its reintroduction. Until quite recently, the police jails were submitted to no supervision whatever. The public prosecutor’s. office remained passive and carried out but most perfunctory supervision, if any. This situation hardly served the protection of detainees’ rights. It was only improved in 1988 when the police jails were submitted to supervision by the Ombudsperson and later also by Commissions: of Administration and Internal Affairs of the Diet and of the Rule of Law and Human Rigths of the Senate, and by other agencies and institutions. Also pre-trial detention is a serious interference with human rights. It is one of the preventive measures provided for by the Code of criminal procedure, and at the stage of execution – by the Code of execution of penalties and the Ordinance of Minister of Justice of 2 May 1989 – by-laws of execution of detention awaiting trial. The discussed measure can be applied by the court, and before the indictment also by the public prosecutor. The present authors find the latter’s right to apply pre-trial detention contradictory to provisions of international law, the covenants ratified by Poland included (see Art. 9,3 of the International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights). The legal provisions fail to specify the upper limit of duration of pre-trial detention. The amendement of the Code of criminal procedure and the changed policy of application of dotention resulted in a fall in the number of those detained awaiting trial. There were 9,722 such detainees on July 31, 1989 (see Tables 4–5). There was also a radical drop in the number of persons detained for over 12 months: in 1990, as few as 0,03 per cent of those kept at the public prosecutor’s disposal had been detained for at least 12 months. However, an alarming upward tendency in the number of persons detained awaiting trial can be noted lately. Discussing the conditions for optional or obligatory pre-trial detention, the authors criticize some of them as estimative in nature, and thus involving the danger of arbitrary use of this measure. The reasoning has been based on decisions of the Supreme Court which is of particular importance for the effective protection of the detainee’s rights. There have been a lot of faults in the practice of application and execution of pre-trial detention which was frequently used as a means of pressure aimed at forcing a person to plead guilty or to denounce an accomplice. In Poland, the application of pre-trail detention is the domain of the public prosecutor’s office. In the years 1975–1989, prosecutors applied this measure in nine out of every ten cases. The population of houses of detention and other penitentiary institutions shaped differently starting from 1945. A comparison of changes in the numer in the number of convicted persons with those of persons detained awaiting trial shows that the latter population was more stable starting from the 1960’s and never changed as radically in number as that of prisoners. That was the case despite the increased frequency of application of detention in the 1970’s. What contributed to this situation above all was the shortening of preparatory proceedings. In the period under analysis, the total number of persons detained awaiting trial in a given year largely approximated that of prisoners in that same year, and showed the same fluctuations resulting from the aggravated or relaxed criminal policy in the country. The trends here have nothing in common with the actual dynamics of crime as such. The authors assume that the number of persons detained awaiting trial reflects decisions in the sphere of criminal policy rather than the actual changes in crime, the economic situation, or even severe political tensions. What is also characteristic of the practice in this respect is the fact of a faulty application of the discussed measure. In the years 1975–1989, at least every 111th and at most every 71st person previously detained awaiting trial was subsequently found not guilty by the court. In some years, there were over 500 such persons. The authors discuss preventive barriers defined by the Supreme Court which are to ban clearly unjustified detention. As follows from analysis of the practical application of conditions for pre-trial detention, the one most frequently quoted was the alleged considerable social danger of the crime. Repressive conditions prevailed over the purely procedural ones. ln order to find out about the actual dimensions of the problem of pre-trial detention, the authors consulted the data concerning the use of preventive measure not involving isolation in criminal proceedings (such measures being financial and non-financial pledge, police supervision, and safe-conduct; see Table 6). It turned out that in the years 1978-1990, preventive measures other than detention awaiting trial never amounted to more than 43,5 and to less than 18 per cent of all preventive measures applied. After the above-mentioned Art. 209 of the code of execution of penalties has been quashed, detention awaiting trial can only be executed in the houses of detention created and run by the Ministry of Justice (Art.Art. 4 and 83 of the code of execution of ponalties). On December 31, 1990, there were 65 such institutions in Poland. Twenty-seven of them had additional wards for convicted persons, while 48 prisons had special wards for those detained awaiting trial. Thus pre-trial detention could be executed in the total of 114 of the 151 institutions of the Prison Department. The houses of detention had the total capacity of 18,263 beds, while the number of detainees was 16,200; the discussed institutions were therefore populated in 88,7 per cent. The rights of the discussed category of detainees are specified in the Code of execution of penalties and by-laws of execution of pre-trial deteotion awaiting trial. What is particularly worthy of attention is the provision which states that the detainee enjoys rights that should at least equal those of a convicted person, and that the only limitations allowed in this sphere are those indispensable for securing the proper course of criminal proceedings, maintaining order and safety in the institution, and preventing mutual demoralization of detainees (Art. 86 para 1 of the Code of execution of penalties). A person detained awaiting trial has many legal measures at his disposal to protect his own rights in relation to the application and execution of detention. Thus the detainee can lodge a complaint with a supreme agency of the penitentiary administration (Art. 48 para 4 of the Code of execution of penalties); with the public prosecutor and penitentiary judge (Art.Art. 27–33 and 48 point 5); to the supreme State agencies, the National Ombudsperson included (Art. 48 point 5); he may apeal against a decision of the administration of the house of detention concerning the actual execution of that measure to the penitentiary court (Art. I4,l of the Code of execution of penaltes); he may also sue the Treasury for damage suffered during detention by guilt of functionaries of the penitentiary administration (Art.Art. 417–l9 of the Civil code); he may claim indemnity for obviously unjustified detention (Art.Art. 487–49l of the Code of criminal procedure); and he may bring legal action by virtue of infringement of his personal interests (Art.Art. 23–24 of the Civil code). As shown by experience, the persons detained awaiting trial either never resort to some of these means or do that ineffectively. The living conditions of the discussed category of detainees are specified mainly in the by-laws of pre-trial detention. Many faults and shortcomings have been found here in practice. Some of such faults were so drastic as to make it necessary to close several houses of detention in 1990 to mention just one example (the institutions were either liquidated or designed for repairs). The authors also assume an attitude towards the treatment of some categories of offenders (women, particularly dangerous detainees, persons with mental disorders, HIV carriers), and discuss the treatment of juvenile detainees. Ending the paper, the authors stress the gradual improvement in the treatment of detainees since 1989. It results both from the legislative changes and from a relatively liberal criminal policy. The legal and to some extent also the organizational conditions have been created for implementation of the rule of law. Further changes are necessary, though, including in particular the passing of a new Constitution and penal codes. The drafts of the latter suggest, many new solutions in the sphere of arrest and detention awaiting trial which would make those institutions meet the European standards. What can considered valuable are the trends towards limiting the application of the two measures, specifying the conditions of their application, importantly, extending the guaranties of detainees’ rights.

4

The substitute forms of primary penalties executions within petty offenses

61%

Liżyńska K.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2016

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vol. 42

53-64

EN

A penalty is a reaction of the state on a prohibited act, with the help of which the legislator performs against the perpetrator of a criminal act the objectives of a general prevention, a special prevention, or an equitable retribution. To meet those objectives the penalty should be executed. It is impossible not to notice that the penalty initially meted out to the perpetrator may not always be executed. Therefore, implementation of the substitute forms of penalty, which on the one hand neutralize the effects of not executing the original penalty, and on the other - they are a guarantee of a sense of punishing the perpetrators, as well as achieving the objectives of penalty, prove to be necessary. It should be considered whether current substitute forms of the fine penalty and restriction of liberty meet expected by the legislature goals.

5

Instrumenty izolacyjne stosowane wobec sprawcy przemocy w rodzinie

51%

Kurniewicz A.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

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2018

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vol. 25

148-163

EN

One of the most important legal aspects of counteracting domestic violence in ensuring protection and safety of victims is to isolate the perpetrator from them. Until recently, it was believed that the state should provide shelter for victims where they could find help and continue their lives away from the aggressor. Currently, it is increasingly said that the perpetrator should leave the common home, and the state authorities should have tools to isolate the perpetrator from the victim. The current catalog of criminal process tools to counteract violence, as well as the civil order to leave the premises, can be successfully used to quickly and effectively separate perpetrators of domestic violence from those affected by their actions. In practice, they are used too rarely or inadequately to circumstances, which makes the aid ineffective. In addition, the approach of representatives of bodies implementing tasks in the field of counteracting the phenomenon of domestic violence is burdened with numerous stereotypes, the methods often use dare used as templates and unsuitable for the needs of victims. The attitude of the authorities translates directly into actions taken by them in the area of abandoning certain procedural acts,delay implementation and the manner and scope of safeguarding the interests of victims of domestic violence. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the introduction of new legal regulations will not affect the improvement of the safety of victims of violence if the available instruments are not used in practice.

6

Zatrzymanie osoby przez funkcjonariusza Straży Granicznej

51%

Bartnik M.

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2012-2013

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vol. 8-9

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issue 1: Prawo

163-181

PL

Zatrzymanie osoby jest środkiem przymusu polegającym na krótkotrwałym pozbawieniu wolności. Straż Graniczna może dokonać zatrzymania tylko i wyłącznie w sytuacjach przewidzianych w ustawie z dnia 12 października 1990 r. o Straży Granicznej. Będące jednym z uprawnień funkcjonariuszy zatrzymanie osoby chociaż ingeruje w konstytucyjne prawo do wolności, to ani czas zatrzymania, ani sposób traktowania zatrzymanego nie mogą stwarzać zatrzymanemu nadmiernych, a tym bardziej zamierzonych uciążliwości. Stosowanie środka przymusu w postaci zatrzymania osoby może być dokonane tylko i wyłącznie w granicach przewidzianych przez ustawę.

EN

Detention of a person is a coercive measure consisting in short-term deprivation of liberty. Border Guard can make a stop only in the cases provided for in the Act of 12 October 1990. Border Guard. Being one of the powers of the officers arrest a person even interferes with the constitutional right to freedom, it is not the time to stop, or the treatment of the detainee can not create a detainee excessive, and the more deliberate nuisance. the use of coercive measure in the form of detention of a person can be made only within the limits provided for by law.

7

Organizacja i funkcjonowanie ośrodków pozbawienia wolności w Królestwie Polskim (1815–1867) w świetle źródeł. Dotychczasowe ustalenia i perspektywy badawcze

41%

Bieda J.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

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2018

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vol. 21

123-137

EN

In the nineteenth century, the penalty of imprisonment becomes a basic punishment in many European penal codes, which resulted in a broad discussion about the reform of the prison system, both in Europe and in the Kingdom of Poland. Radically different from the previous penitentiary policy of the authorities of the Kingdom of Poland, it focused mainly on reforms of the organization and operation of prisons. In previous scientific work, relatively little space has been devoted to research into the organization and functioning of detention centres in the Kingdom of Poland. The attention of the researchers focused primarily on theoretical considerations around the then penitentiary doctrines. Only E. Kaczyńska and M. Senkowska conducted broader research based on archival material concerning practical aspects of the functioning of prisons in the Kingdom of Poland, although these works are also fragmentary. Thus, the organization and functioning of prisons in the Kingdom of Poland is still a largely unexplored issue. This is also the future analysis of administrative regulations, in particular from the second half of the nineteenth century and extensive source material preserved in the files of the Governmental Commission of Internal Affairs, voivodship authorities, powiat authorities and municipal documents, which have been preserved in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, as well as other state archives.

PL

W wieku XIX kara pozbawienia wolności stała się w wielu europejskich kodeksach karnych karą podstawową, co zrodziło szeroką dyskusję o reformie organizacji więziennictwa w całej Europie – również w Królestwie Polskim. Radykalnie odmienna od dotychczasowej polityka penitencjarna władz Królestwa Polskiego skupiała się głównie wokół reform organizacji więzień. W pracach naukowych stosunkowo mało miejsca poświęcono dotąd badaniom nad funkcjonowaniem ośrodków pozbawienia wolności w Królestwie Polskim. Uwaga badaczy koncentrowała się przede wszystkim na teoretycznych rozważaniach wokół ówczesnych doktryn penitencjarnych. Jedynie E. Kaczyńska i M. Senkowska prowadziły szersze, oparte na materiale archiwalnym badania naukowe dotyczące praktycznych aspektów funkcjonowania więzień w Królestwie Polskim, choć i te prace wykorzystują zaledwie fragmenty materiałów źródłowych. Organizacja i funkcjonowanie więzień w Królestwie Polskim pozostaje zatem nadal zagadnieniem w dużym stopniu niezbadanym. Przed nami analiza przepisów administracyjnych, w szczególności z II połowy XIX w., oraz obszernego materiału źródłowego zachowanego w aktach Komisji Rządowej Spraw Wewnętrznych, władz wojewódzkich, władz powiatowych oraz dokumentach miejskich (zgromadzonych w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych w Warszawie i inne archiwach państwowych).

8

Postawa chrześcijan Afryki Rzymskiej podczas aresztowania i uwięzienia

41%

Derdziuk E.

Vox Patrum

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1984

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vol. 6

81-100

EN

Der Artikel stutzt sich auf Informationen aus den Afrikanischen Akten und Martyrerpassionen und besteht pitel aus vier Kapiteln.

9

Стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника в банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах

41%

Горбенко (Horbenko) М. M.

Copernicus Political and Legal Studies

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2022

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issue 3

109-118

UK

У статті досліджено правові проблеми, з якими стикаються державні та приватні виконавці у разі стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. Також не менш важливим є визначення виконавчої дії, яка полягає у стягненні коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах як першочерговий та ефективний захід, який вчиняє виконавець, відкриваючи виконавче провадження, що сприяє підвищенню рівня виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. Наведено основні проблеми, що виникають у разі стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. Розглянуто законодавчі зміни, які вплинули на вдосконалення системи арешту коштів боржника. Досліджено процедуру автоматизованого арешту коштів боржників на їхніх рахунках. Визначено роль такої виконавчої дії, як стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. Визначено недоліки та шляхи вдосконалення автоматизованого арешту коштів боржників на рахунках в банківських установах. Розкрито зміст стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах. Запропоновано класифікацію такої виконавчої дії, як стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах. Сформульовано пропозиції щодо подальшого розвитку автоматизованого арешту коштів боржників на рахунках у банківських установах. Наведено спірну судову практику щодо захищеності рахунків, на які зараховують заробітну плату. Проаналізовано судову практику щодо стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. На основі прикладів, сформованих на підставі практичної діяльності виконавців, з модельовано проблемні ситуації, які виникають у приватних та державних виконавців у разі стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах. Подано ідеї щодо вдосконалення банківського законодавства у сфері примусового списання коштів боржників. Визначено напрямок розвитку виконавчого провадження для підвищення рівня ефективності проведення виконавчих дій, спрямованих на стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника у банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах.

EN

The article considers some legal problems faced by public and private executor when applying for the funds on the accounts of the debtor in banking institutions, in the execution of court decisions in civil cases. It is also not unimportant to determine the enforcement action, which consists in foreclosing funds on the debtor’s accounts in banking institutions as a primary and effective measure performed by the executor when opening enforcement proceedings, which contributes to an increase in the level of execution of court decisions in civil cases. The main problems that arise when applying for recovery on the funds on the accounts of the debtor are given in this article. Legislative changes considered that have had an impact on the improvement of the arrest system of funds of the debtor. The role of such an enforcement action as recourse to sanctions is defined to the funds on the accounts of the debtor in banking institutions in the execution of judicial proceedings in civil cases. Identifies shortcomings and points the way to improve the automated seizure of debtors’ funds in bank accounts. The content of the application for recovery of funds has been disclosed in the accounts of the debtor in banking institutions. The classification of such an executive action is proposed as an application for recovery of money on accounts of the debtor in banking institutions. Proposals for further development are formulated in automatic seizure of debtors’ funds in bank accounts. Disputed court practice on account security to which wages are credited is presented. Court practice on recovery of funds in the accounts of the debtor in banking institutions in the execution of civil judgements analyzed. Based on the examples of established practical activities the executors are modelled problem situations for private and public executors recovery on funds in accounts of the debtor in banking institutions during the execution court decisions in civil trials. Ideas on improvement of banking legislation presented in the field of forcible to cancel the debt debtors’ funds. Direction of development of the executive production to increase the level of efficiency execution of actions aimed at recovery of funds in the accounts of the debtor in banking institutions in the execution of civil judgements.

10

WPŁYW DYSPOZYCJI WYROKU SĄDU POWSZECHNEGO NA KRYTERIUM NIEKARALNOŚCI ŻOŁNIERZY ZAWODOWYCH

36%

Kodłubański Ł.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2016

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issue 2

37-54

EN

A candidate for a professional soldier must meet a number of physical, psychological and legal criteria. These include the requirement of a clean criminal record included within the article. 124 paragraph. 2 of the act on military service for professional soldiers from the 11 September 2003. In the article you will find the analysis of the practical issues on this aspect, within the accordance to the legal regulations included in the criminal law. It also considers the types and contents of judgments of the court of general jurisdiction.

11

Isolation instruments applied to the perpetrator of domestic violence

36%

Kurniewicz A.

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

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2018

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issue 25

148-163

PL

Jednym z najważniejszych prawnych aspektów przeciwdziałania przemocy w rodzinie w zakresie zapewnienia ochrony i bezpieczeństwa ofarom jest odizolowanie od nich sprawcy. Do niedawna uważano, że państwo powinno zapewnić ofarom schroniska, do których mogłyby trafć w celu zapewnienia pomocy i kontynuowania życia z dala od agresora. Obecnie, coraz częściej mówi się o tym, że to sprawca powinien opuścić wspólny dom, a organy państwa powinny dysponować narzędziami służącymi do odizolowania sprawcy od ofary. Obecny katalog karnoprocesowych narzędzi przeciwdziałania przemocy, jak i cywilny nakaz opuszczenia lokalu z powodzeniem mogą być wykorzystane do szybkiego i skutecznego oddzielenia sprawców przemocy w rodzinie od osób dotkniętych skutkami ich działań. W praktyce są one stosowane zbyt rzadko bądź nieadekwatnie do okoliczności, co sprawia, że pomoc staje się nieskuteczna oraz nieefektywna. Poza tym podejście przedstawicieli organów realizujących zadania z zakresu przeciwdziałania zjawisku przemocy w rodzinie jest obarczone licznymi stereotypami, stosowane metody są szablonowe i niedostosowane do potrzeb ofar. Nastawienie organów przekłada się bezpośrednio na podejmowane przez nich działania w zakresie zaniechania dokonania określonych czynności procesowych, zwłokę w ich podejmowaniu czy też sposób i zakres zabezpieczenia interesów ofiar przemocy w rodzinie. Na zakończenie warto podkreślić, że wprowadzenie nowych uregulowań prawnych nie będzie miało wpływu na poprawę bezpieczeństwa ofiar przemocy, jeżeli dostępne instrumenty nie będą stosowane w praktyce. One of the most important legal aspects of counteracting domestic violence in ensuring protection and safety of victims is to isolate the perpetrator from them. Until recently, it was believed that the state should provide shelter for victims where they could ﬁnd help and continue their lives away from the aggressor. Currently, it is increasingly said that the perpetrator should leave the common home, and the state authorities should have tools to isolate the perpetrator from the victim. The current catalog of criminal process tools to counteract violence, as well as the civil order to leave the premises, can be successfully used to quickly and eﬀectively separate perpetrators of domestic violence from those aﬀected by their actions. In practice, they are used too rarely or inadequately to circumstances, which makes the aid ineﬀective. In addition, the approach of representatives of bodies implementing tasks in the ﬁeld of counteracting the phenomenon of domestic violence is burdened with numerous stereotypes, the methods often used are used as templates and unsuitable for the needs of victims. The attitude of the authorities translates directly into actions taken by them in the area of abandoning certain procedural acts, delay implementation and the manner and scope of safeguarding the interests of victims of domestic violence. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the introduction of new legal regulations will not aﬀect the improvement of the safety of victims of violence if the available instruments are not used in practice.

EN

One of the most important legal aspects of counteracting domestic violence in ensuring protection and safety of victims is to isolate the perpetrator from them. Until recently, it was believed that the state should provide shelter for victims where they could ﬁnd help and continue their lives away from the aggressor. Currently, it is increasingly said that the perpetrator should leave the common home, and the state authorities should have tools to isolate the perpetrator from the victim. The current catalog of criminal process tools to counteract violence, as well as the civil order to leave the premises, can be successfully used to quickly and eﬀectively separate perpetrators of domestic violence from those aﬀected by their actions. In practice, they are used too rarely or inadequately to circumstances, which makes the aid ineﬀective. In addition, the approach of representatives of bodies implementing tasks in the ﬁeld of counteracting the phenomenon of domestic violence is burdened with numerous stereotypes, the methods often used are used as templates and unsuitable for the needs of victims. The attitude of the authorities translates directly into actions taken by them in the area of abandoning certain procedural acts, delay implementation and the manner and scope of safeguarding the interests of victims of domestic violence. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the introduction of new legal regulations will not aﬀect the improvement of the safety of victims of violence if the available instruments are not used in practice.

12

Skok z drugiego piętra gmachu WUBP w Rzeszowie – krótkie wspomnienie o Marii Dzierżyńskiej

31%

Fudali D. J., Bober S., Rączy E.

Prace Historyczno-Archiwalne

|

2020

|

issue 32

247-257

EN

This article attempts to bring forth the momory of an unknown to a wider audience female teacher, AK soldier and a, member of the WiN organization. A humblewoman, philanthropist, a person with a big heart helping out those in need. A friend to children and adolescents, a helping hand to repatriates from the borderlands.Great humbleness and kindness, principles and steadfast values in the face of the machine that is the communistic terror. This is what this short article is about, anattempt to introduce and rediscover the memory of an extraordinary person known as Maria Dzierzynska surely was. Reminiscing the story of the teacher from Rzeszow, one will be able to see the personal tragedy involved and the tough choices she had to make.

PL

Artykuł niniejszy stanowi próbę przypomnienia nieznanej szerzej postaci rzeszowskiej nauczycielki, żołnierza AK, członka Zrzeszenia WiN. Skromna kobieta, filantropka, osoba o wielkim sercu, niosąca pomoc potrzebującym. Przyjaciel dzieci i młodzieży, pomocna dłoń skierowana do repatriantów z Kresów. Wielka skromność i dobroć, zasady i niezłomne wartości w starciu z machiną komunistycznego terroru. O tym jest właśnie ten niewielki artykuł, próbujący przypomnieć i na nowo odkryć pamięć o niezwykłej osobie, jaką z pewnością była Maria Dzierżyńska. Wspominając historię rzeszowskiej nauczycielki, nie sposób nie dostrzec wielkiej osobistej tragedii i trudnych wyborów, które stały się jej udziałem.

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Európsky zatýkací rozkaz

Obowiązek natychmiastowego zwolnienia osoby pozbawionej wolności, wobec której uchylono tymczasowe aresztowanie lub odstąpiono od jego stosowania – przepisy prawa na tle nieprawidłowej praktyki

Prawa człowieka a zatrzymanie i tymczasowe aresztowanie w polskim prawie i praktyce jego stosowania

The substitute forms of primary penalties executions within petty offenses

Instrumenty izolacyjne stosowane wobec sprawcy przemocy w rodzinie

Zatrzymanie osoby przez funkcjonariusza Straży Granicznej

Organizacja i funkcjonowanie ośrodków pozbawienia wolności w Królestwie Polskim (1815–1867) w świetle źródeł. Dotychczasowe ustalenia i perspektywy badawcze

Postawa chrześcijan Afryki Rzymskiej podczas aresztowania i uwięzienia

Стягнення коштів на рахунках боржника в банківських установах на виконання судових рішень у цивільних справах

WPŁYW DYSPOZYCJI WYROKU SĄDU POWSZECHNEGO NA KRYTERIUM NIEKARALNOŚCI ŻOŁNIERZY ZAWODOWYCH

Isolation instruments applied to the perpetrator of domestic violence

Skok z drugiego piętra gmachu WUBP w Rzeszowie – krótkie wspomnienie o Marii Dzierżyńskiej