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EN
Social support is considered as a special kind of assistance and relationship between the giver and the receiver thereof. It exists under certain social circumstances which foster the assisted person’s development. The potential informal support networks include family which, in conditions of coping with a child’s disability, assumes superior significance in everyday care, but also in the processes of raising, treatment, rehabilitation, or education. In this paper, I have focused on the difficulties experienced by disabled children and their parents, as well as on the support provided to them by the elderly members of their families whom I consider to be a significant human resource in family support networks for difficult situations.
PL
Najważniejszym celem assistance jest dostarczanie najwyższej jakości usług oraz zapewnienie natychmiastowej, profesjonalnej pomocy beneficjentom w kraju i za granicą. W Polsce nie ma jednoznacznych uregulowań prawnych odnoszących się bezpośrednio do działalności assistance. Najważniejszym aktem normatywnym w zakresie assistance jest nowelizacja ustawy o działalności ubezpieczeniowej z dnia 8 lipca 2005r. oraz szczegółowe regulacje odnoszące się do ubezpieczeń majątkowych. Instytucje ubezpieczeniowe wyspecjalizowane w realizacji koncepcji assistance stosują trzy podstawowe strategie pozycjonowania marki: · wzmocnienie indywidualizmu marki, · zagospodarowanie wolnych nisz rynkowych, · repozycjonowanie konkurencji. Pozycjonowanie produktu jest oparte na eksponowaniu walorów assistance według siedmiu kategorii wartościujących. Wspieranie inicjatyw społecznych przez operatorów assistance jest ważnym elementem gry rynkowej dążącej do uzyskania przewagi konkurencyjnej.
EN
The aim of this article is to present product placement practices in selected segments of the assistance market. Particular attention is paid to using this tool to extend one’s advantage over one’s rivals. The most important piece of legislation which regulates assistance concept is an amendment to the Insurance Activity Act on 8th July 2005. The article examines the influence of brand and product positioning strategies on consumer loyalty. Acceleration of profit growth is based on the strategy of niche assistance market development and propagate the ideas of Corporate Social Responsibility. The pionieers and creators assistance services must be well-prepared for responding to the new expectations of clients.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to discuss the evolution of India’s assistance programmes for economic development of partner countries. The recent rejuvenation of India’s aid is in line with the broader phenomenon of the re-appearance of so called ‘emerging donors’. The bulk of publicity is on China and there are still gaps in scholarly writings on India. The paper herein aims to address those gaps, providing insight on the scope and geographical reach of India’s aid activities, the selection of modalities and sectors supported as well as changing patterns of aid administration. The literature review and interviews were conducted to fulfill this goal. The re-appearance of India as a development assistance donor was the consequence of a decade of rapid economic growth. The rejuvenated programmes are more diverse, focused not only on Nepal and Bhutan but also on other countries within India’s extended neighborhood. The point of gravity was moved from infrastructure support towards capacity building. There are continuous attempts to centralize aid administration. India’s foreign aid programme is still growing and seeking strategic long-term orientation.
EN
The author attempts to define the role of European Union funds in the implementation of the EU’s acquis communautaire. He identifies the weaknesses of the existing strategic programs dealing with these issues. The research method involved an attempt to balance the predicted needs and available capital with the use of a special computer model that enables a multi-variant analysis of available funds and their variable distribution over time. The research project presented by the author consisted of the following stages: identifying investment needs linked with the implementation of the environmental acquis; preparing a forecast for available domestic and foreign sources, along with a schedule for granting assistance; comparing the needs and available resources; defining the role of EU assistance in financing specific projects; and preparing relevant recommendations. The analysis points to a few threats to the feasibility of individual objectives mentioned in the Accession Treaty, chiefly those specified for 2010. In all variants of the model, resources available under operational programs for regional development and earmarked for environmental protection are a key supplement to the Cohesion Fund. The main conclusion of the research is the need to coordinate efforts at the central and regional levels (with independent provincial programs), along with the need to maintain the planned targets of investment in environmental protection. Poor coordination and failure to move EU funds to other priorities pose a real threat to meeting the Accession Treaty obligations.
EN
In Germany, as in Poland, the genesis of care for the weak dates back to the Middle Ages. Insurance laws adopted in 1883 – 1884 and in 1889 (Bismarck empire) still work as the basis of insurance, and the model created by Bismarck was accepted by other countries and has been the basis of a social state. The legislative amendments carried out in the 90s in German insurance system reinforced the development of social sphere together with the development of social work. The article deals with the practical dimension of social work, which has been accompanied by the dynamic and multilateral development of theory. The variety and ambiguity of terms in the area of social work is also one of the presented problems. It also looks at German theorists of social work and their concepts at the turn of the 20th and 21st century
EN
The article (part one) raises the issue of evaluation, under criminal law, of the failure to provide assistance to a person in immediate danger of death or serious injury. It presents the origins and development of Polish criminal law regulations in this regard. The study focuses on the controversy around interpretations of the statutory definition of crime pursuant to Article 162 of the Polish Criminal Code. When discussing the polarity of views concerning the statutory approach, the author presents not only the position of the criminal law, but also numerous examples from the case law. The article highlights the legal nature of the obligation under Article 162 and the limits of its applicability. In this context, it refers to the liability of persons with a legal duty of prevention as well as entities without such a status. The study also provides comments on accessory and principal liability for the offence of failing to render assistance and possible overlapping of regulations and types of offences.
EN
The article (part two) raises the issue of evaluation, under criminal law, of the failure to provide assistance to a person in immediate danger of death or serious injury. It refers to the catalogue issue and legal character of the circumstances defined in Article 162 of the Polish Criminal Code excluding the legal liability in case of failure to provide such assistance. The article analyzes such circumstances and approaches the view of the doctrine and judicature for their interpretation. According to general rules, exemption from legal liability for failing to render assistance draws the line for the entities non-liability, on whom rests that particular, legal duty of concern about the good of the ones in danger (guarantor).
EN
The history of economic relations between Italy and Albania is a typical example of asymmetric relationship between two countries with geographic proximity but with very different dimensions. The importance of this bond is essential for Albania, as Italy is our greatest economic and trade partner, but also from the Italian perspective these relationships have a greater weight than we might expect given the size of the Albanian economy, due to geographical proximity and preferential relations between the two countries. The relations with Albania are included in the broader context of the Italian policy in the entire Balkan region as these countries transition towards free market economic system is of great importance for the European integration processes. Since 2000, the economic cooperation has grown, but its features (trade balance deficit, restricted investment areas, à façon industries, etc.) still persist. This paper intends to highlight the strengths and drawbacks of Italian – Albanian economic relations in its early stages from 1990 to 2000.
EN
The research goal of the presented article is to analyze the support provided by the European Union and the United States for the reform process in Ukraine and to evaluate the effectiveness of this assistance. We assume that the European Union acts as a system of „connected vessels” and actively supports its own close neighbourhood promoting democratization of its structures and ensuring economic and military security. The time frame of the article covers the period after the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, in Kiev Maidan (2013-2014), which led to the overthrow of the then President Viktor Yanukovych and confirmed the European aspirations of Ukraine. The annexation of Crimea and the destabilizing actions taken by the Russian Federation (FR) in Eastern Ukraine (2014) also formed an important turning point, especially with regard to the assistance package provided by the US. This event directly resulted in a significant increase in the scope and amount of support. The final date of the analyzed events is 2019 and the presidential election in Ukraine (held in two rounds on 31.03.2019 and 21.04.2019, respectively), which brought victory to Volodymyr Zelenski. Although this choice meant the consolidation of Ukraine’s pro-European course, the lack of explicit EU’s statement about the prospects of Ukraine’s membership means that in the future this option should not be taken for granted. Due to the character of the research material, the methods used in the article are mainly based on a critical literature review (especially scientific articles) and secondary data analysis (desk research). In the part of the article relating to American military assistance, the basic research material is analysis created in Polish and American think tanks. Due to the time frame (2014-2019) and topicality of the subject, relatively little research material was obtained from literature of the subject, which, however, was a valuable source for the introductory part of the article.
Family Forum
|
2014
|
issue 4
223-233
EN
The article is an attempt to describe the activity of family counselling and selected ethical dilemmas accompanying it. The paper includes a part devoted to functioning of the centre and the characteristic work done in such a place; that is a theoretical part. The other part comprises thoughts on the ethical problems appearing in the work of church counselling centre co-financed by assistance programs. The advantage of the paper is the use of own observations of the author as the result of her work and experience gained in the family counselling centre. Let’s hope the article will contribute to develop the family counselling and the cooperation among various institutions for family welfare.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł to próba opisu działalności poradnictwa rodzinnego i towarzyszących jej wybranych dylematów etycznych. Opracowanie zawiera część poświęconą funkcjonowaniu poradni i charakterystyce pracy w tego typu placówce; jest to część o charakterze bardziej teoretycznym. Druga część zawiera refleksje na temat problemów etycznych, które pojawiają się w pracy poradni przykościelnych współfinansowanych przez programy pomocowe. Zaletą publikacji jest wykorzystanie własnych obserwacji autorki jako praktyka i doświadczenia pracy w poradni rodzinnej. Można mieć nadzieję, że artykuł przyczyni się do rozwoju poradnictwa i współpracy różnych instytucji dla dobra rodziny.
EN
A systemic approach is essential in working with the families threatened by social exclusion. This is expressed both in the perception of the family as a whole and in the planning of interdisciplinary strategies of support. This trend is reflected in – among others – the relevant legal acts on social assistance in Poland. Moreover, it also gives the opportunity to create a network of local support in which a strategy of solving social problems – particularly within the family itself – is prepared in cooperation with the local administration. Therefore, the purpose of my article is to present the good practices in providing assistance and support for the families in difficult life situations. The selected programs that have been implemented by Merc.
EN
Introduction. The course of an intervention determined by the nature of an event, care and assistance to people in need may dominate the aim of police actions. Providing security to citizens and protecting their lives, health, and property materialise most fully in local communities, where a police officer is required to go beyond the framework of legal protection. Aim. The aim of the article is to show how the nature of police intervention changes course against the background of general evolution of police functioning. Apart from the return to the state compliant with the law, interventions undertaken more and more often include elements of care and help “reserved” in social opinion for services other than the Police. Materials and methods. In the assumed methodology of work, a substantive analysis of the content of materials and source texts was used. Results. The intention of the authors is to indicate situations requiring police intervention, in which there is necessity to provide care and assistance in confrontation with the nature of the event and the existing legal regulations.
PL
Wprowadzenie. Przebieg interwencji determinowanej charakterem zdarzenia, opieka i pomoc wobec osób potrzebujących mogą zdominować cel działań policyjnych. Zapewnienie obywatelom bezpieczeństwa oraz ochrona ich życia, zdrowia i mienia realizują się najpełniej w społecznościach lokalnych, gdzie od policjanta wymaga się wychodzenia poza ramy ochrony prawnej. Cel. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, jak zmienia się charakter przebiegu interwencji policyjnej na tle ogólnej ewolucji funkcjonowania policji. Podejmowane interwencje, oprócz przywrócenia stanu zgodnego z prawem, coraz częściej zawierają w sobie elementy opieki i pomocy, które w opinii społecznej są „zastrzeżone” dla innych służb niż policja. Materiały i metody. W przyjętej metodologii pracy zastosowano merytoryczną analizę treści materiałów i tekstów źródłowych. Wnioski. W artykule wykazano, że podczas interwencji policyjnej, determinowanej charakterem zdarzenia i obowiązującymi przepisami prawa, funkcjonariusze wykonują czynności o znamionach pomocy i opieki, które wymagają wiedzy interdyscyplinarnej wykraczającej poza klasyczne kanony szkolenia policyjnego w Polsce.
EN
The article concerns the criminal law assessment of participation in suicide, based on the statutory offense model of regulation concerning driving to killing oneself adopted in the Polish Criminal Code of 1997. This deliberation starts with the social and normative perceptions of suicidal behaviour. Arguments covering the position of the modern legal system, which presumes that suicide is not acriminal act, are presented. The article pays attention to the multiplicity of motivations, starting with arguments on the rights and freedom of an individual, next analysing points of a praxeological, political and criminal character and finishing with elements of ahumanitarian nature. Stopping the punishment of suicide in the causative form leads to the exclusion of a possibility of prosecution, which is based on the general rule of the non-causative form of involvement in another person’s suicide. This shows that there is aneed to criminalise these types of behaviour within the limits of an automatic type of crime. The central subject of this article is the analysis of the ratio legis of criminalisation of driving the other person to committing suicide, discussing the form of its implementation and the dogmatic interpretation of its statutory definition, despite there being alot of doubt found in the legal literature about its interpretation. The article makes an attempt to explain the main points. There are also selected elements of this crime found in foreign regulations based on the construction of certain features of Art. 151 of the Criminal Code. Comparison of the legal status of the incitement to suicide regulations in Polish law with their equivalent in foreign legal systems allowed the definition of the main rules shaping the crime in modern criminal law and pointed out those rules which appear to be universal. There is also mention of the conclusions de lege ferenda. In the literature there is a very strong emphasis on the lack of a statutory definition of the crime in Art. 151 of the Criminal Code. This elaboration makes an attempt to indicate the possible directions of modification of the current shape of the definition of this crime.
EN
This article covers the criminal law assessment of participation in suicide, based on the statutory offense model of regulation concerning driving someone to killing themselves adopted in the Polish Criminal Code of 1997. This deliberation starts with the social and normative perceptions of suicidal behaviour. Arguments concerning the position of the modern legal system, which presumes that suicide is not a criminal act, are presented. The article pays attention to the multiplicity of motivations, starting with arguments on the rights and freedom of an individual, next analysing points of the praxeological, political and criminal character and finishing with elements of a humanitarian nature. Stopping the punishment of suicide in the causative form leads to the exclusion of the possibility of prosecution, which is based on the general rule of the non-causative form of involvement in another person’s suicide. This shows there is a need to criminalise these types of behaviour within the limits of an automatic type of crime. The central theme of this article is the analysis of the ratio legis of criminalisation of driving other person to committing suicide, discussing the form of its implementation and the dogmatic interpretation of its statutory definition, despite there being a lot of doubt found in the legal literature about its interpretation. This article makes an attempt to explain the main points. There are also selected elements of this crime found in foreign regulations based on the construction of certain features of Art. 151 of the Criminal Code. Comparison of the legal status of the incitement to suicide regulations in Polish Law with its equivalent in foreign legal systems allowed the definition of the main rules shaping the crime in modern criminal law and pointed out those rules which appear to be universal. There is also mention of the conclusions de lege ferenda. In the literature there is a very strong emphasis on the lack of statutory definition of the crime in Art. 151 of the Criminal Code. This elaboration makes an attempt to indicate the possible directions of modification of the current shape of the definition of this crime.
EN
Social and economic consequences of the progressing ageing process of people are of global nature and are a growing challenge for all developed countries. Development and accomplishments of modern medicine, technological progress and changes in the conditions and style of life, combined with a drop in birth rate have caused extension of the average life-span. The same elements determine extension of the period of health and independence of seniors, yet they require investments of ever increasing funds and joint social engagement adequate to the situation. The independence of seniors is basically impacted by personal and environmental factors, which result in the fact that the ageing process is heterogeneous. Guaranteeing the same range of support for such a great number of people suffering from various functional difficulties will result in the fact that each of such persons will receive assistance that is of no little significance in his/ her situation. Global expenses will be considerable, yet they will not offer the expected results. This means that an individual diagnosis of needs is necessary for the support to have the expected effect - extended life-span and possibility of functioning in the senior environment. In order to create a system of securing the citizens in case of dependence, it is necessary to find a common denominator for all persons who need support in order to continue their life in socially accepted conditions. The definition proposed by the experts, developed as part of the project “Professionalisation of Assistant and Care Services for Dependant Persons: New Standards of Education and Care” refers to all persons who, in their daily existence, experience a status of dependence on external assistance: A dependant person: a person who suffers from restrictions of activity on account of disruption of body functions, causing the necessity of long-term or continuous support of another person to satisfy the basic life needs. Introducing such definition to the legal order and applied changes in the judicial decisions on the degree of disability will allow for separating the population of dependant persons and determining the criteria for granting support adequate to the degree of dependence. In the care practice, it will contribute to an individual approach in assistance planning, taking the contextual factors into account, which influence the degree of capableness and independence of seniors.
PL
Konsekwencje społeczne i ekonomiczne postępującego procesu starzenia się ludności mają charakter globalny i są coraz trudniejszym wyzwaniem dla wszystkich rozwiniętych krajów. Rozwój i osiągnięcia współczesnej medycyny, postęp technologiczny oraz zmiana warunków i stylu życia połączone ze spadkiem urodzeń spowodowały wydłużanie się średniego trwania życia. Te same elementy decydują o wydłużaniu okresu utrzymania zdrowia i samodzielności seniorów, ale wymagają inwestowania na ten cel coraz większych środków finansowych i adekwatnego do sytuacji solidarnego społecznego zaangażowania. Na samodzielność seniorów zasadniczy wpływ mają czynniki osobowe i środowiskowe. Powoduje to, że proces starzenia się jest heterogeniczny. Gwarantowanie wszystkim takiego samego zakresu wsparcia przy tak dużej liczbie osób mających różne utrudnienia funkcjonalne spowoduje, że każda z tych osób otrzyma pomoc niemającą w jej sytuacji większego znaczenia. Globalne wydatki będą duże, ale nie przyniosą spodziewanych efektów. Oznacza to, że niezbędne jest indywidualne diagnozowanie potrzeb, by wsparcie dało oczekiwany efekt – wydłużenie życia i możliwość funkcjonowania w środowisku seniora. Żeby stworzyć system zabezpieczenia obywateli na wypadek niesamodzielności, należy znaleźć wspólny mianownik dla wszystkich osób, którym wsparcie jest niezbędne, by mogli kontynuować swe życie w warunkach akceptowalnych społecznie. Proponowana przez ekspertów definicja, wypracowana w ramach projektu Profesjonalizacja usług asystenckich i opiekuńczych dla osób niesamodzielnych – nowe standardy kształcenia i opieki, odnosi się do wszystkich osób, które w codziennej egzystencji doświadczają stanu zależności od pomocy zewnętrznej: Osoba niesamodzielna – osoba, u której z powodu naruszenia funkcji organizmu stwierdza się ograniczenia aktywności powodujące konieczność długotrwałego albo stałego wsparcia innej osoby w celu zaspokajania podstawowych potrzeb życiowych. Wprowadzenie tej definicji do porządku prawnego i stosowanych zmian w orzecznictwie o stopniu niepełnosprawności umożliwi wyodrębnienie populacji osób niesamodzielnych i ustalenie kryteriów przyznania wsparcia adekwatnego do stopnia niesamodzielności. W praktyce opiekuńczej przyczyni się do indywidualnego podejścia w planowaniu wsparcia z uwzględnieniem czynników kontekstowych, które mają wpływ na poziom sprawności i samodzielności osoby starszej.
EN
Nowadays, the role of the Polish Armed Forces took on an entirely different meaning. The crucial moment of great change was the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center September 11, 2001, after this terrible incident, the world faced a major threat of terrorism. Most countries have realized that the freedom of citizens must begin to fight, the fight against terrorism began in the cradle of the largest – in Afghanistan. The main tool in the fight against terrorism is military. A high level of training of soldiers, a special selection of the best candidates for emerging professionals ensures that the soldiers involved in the fight against terrorism cope with this task. And indeed it is the Polish soldiers involved in the Afghanistan mission in the eyes of its international allies are perceived and evaluated very highly. But so much sacrifice has its price, soldiers returning from missions often face mental health problems that affect their continued existence in the family, the local community and society. You created special programs for soldiers curtain to address the mission of helping the participants and their families. In the present article discusses the forms of support and assistance to soldiers and their families and loved ones.
PL
Współcześnie rola Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej nabrała innego znaczenia. Przełomowym momentem wielkich zmian był zamach terrorystyczny na World Trade Center z 11 września 2001 r., po którym świat stanął przed wielkim zagrożeniem, jakim jest ter­roryzm. Większość państw zdało sobie sprawę, że o wolność obywateli trzeba zacząć walczyć. Walkę z terroryzmem rozpoczęto w jej największej kolebce – w Afganistanie. Głównym narzędziem zwalczania terroryzmu jest wojsko. Polscy żołnierze biorący udział w misji pokojowej w Afganistanie są oceniani bardzo wysoko przez swoich międzynarodowych sojusz­ników. Jednak tak duże poświęcenie ma swoją cenę; żołnierze powracający z misji często borykają się z problemami psychicznymi, które wpływają na ich dalsze funkcjonowanie w rodzinie, środowisku lokalnym i społeczeństwie. Państwo stworzyło dla żołnierzy specjalne programy osłonowe, które mają na celu udzielenie pomocy uczestnikom misji oraz ich ro­dzinom. W prezentowanym artykule zostały omówione formy wspierania i pomocy dla żołnie­rzy, ich rodzin oraz bliskich.
PL
Samotność ludzi starszych w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II jest fenomenologiczną interpretacją ludzkiego doświadczenia samotności w okresie starości. Badaniem objęto nauczanie papieża Jana Pawła II. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, czym jest samotność dla papieża, oraz sposobów pomocy ludziom starszym u kresu ich życia, doświadczających chorób i samotności. Do owych sposobów papież zalicza usuwanie przez polityków wszelkich form dyskryminacji, angażowanie ludzi starszych do różnych projektów i programów. Podkreśla rolę naturalnego środowiska, jakim jest rodzina, oraz pogłębionego życia duchowego.
EN
The loneliness of older people in the teaching of John Paul II is a phenomenological interpretation of the human experience of loneliness in old age. The study includes the teaching of Pope John Paul II. The aim of the article is to show what is solitude for the Pope, and the ways how you can help the elderly at the end of their lives who are experiencing illness and loneliness. To these ways thePope includes: removal by politicians all forms of discrimination, engaging older people to various projects and programs, pointing to the natural environment which is the family, and deepen the spiritual life.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2018
|
vol. 61
|
issue 4
259-274
EN
The transformations taking place in the contemporary family do not always have a positive influence on its functioning. Family often encounters numerous difficulties, which can lead it to dysfunctionality, or even pathology. Negative effects of the malfunctioning of the family are most strongly felt by its youngest members. Therefore, the phenomenon of broadly understood social orphanhood is becoming more and more widespread from year to year. It does not only concern the situation when children are abandoned by their parents, but also when children and adolescents, living in the family home, strongly experience the lack of parental feelings. Thus, the article attempts to draw attention to the problem of social orphanhood, which often occurs in the context of the current changes in the family environment. The article also points to the urgent need for undertaking decisive actions aimed at protecting the well-being of socially orphaned children, whose traumatic experiences take away their joy of life and prevent them from properly shaping their future.
PL
Przeobrażenia, jakie zachodzą w współczesnej rodzinie nie zawsze wywierają pozytywny wpływ na jej funkcjonowanie. Niejednokrotnie rodzina napotyka liczne trudności, które mogą doprowadzić do jej dysfunkcjonalności, a nawet patologii. Negatywne skutki złego funkcjonowania rodziny najbardziej odczuwają najmłodsi członkowie rodziny. Z roku na rok powiększa się w związku z tym zjawisko szeroko rozumianego sieroctwa społecznego. Chodzi tu nie tylko o fakt opuszczenia dzieci przez rodziców ale także o dzieci i młodzież, które pozostając w domu rodzinnym i przeżywają silnie brak uczuć rodzicielskich. W artykule podjęto zatem próbę zwrócenia uwagi na problem sieroctwa społecznego, które często pojawia się w kontekście zachodzący obecnie zmian w środowisku rodzinnym. Wskazano również na pilną potrzebę podjęcia zdecydowanych działań mających na celu pełną ochronę dobra dzieci osieroconych społecznie, którym traumatyczne doświadczenia odbierają radość życia oraz uniemożliwiają im prawidłowe kształtowanie własnej przyszłości.
PL
W sposób naturalny rodzina predystynowana jest do sprawowania opieki nad osobami z niepełnosprawnościami. Nie może jednak zostać ze wszystkimi problemami sama. Konieczne staje się wsparcie jej ze strony państwa. Wydaje się, że współcześnie władze publiczne dostrzegają tę konieczność, jednak próbują zrealizować ten cel przy możliwie najmniejszym zaangażowaniu finansowym. Bardzo dobrym przykładem potwierdzającym tę tezę są długotrwałe zaniedbania państwa w sferze pomocy opiekunom osób z niepełnoprawnościami w postaci tzw. opieki wytchnieniowej. Celem autora było osadzenie tej instytucji w szerszym kontekście wsparcia opiekunów osób z niepełnosprawnościami. W tym celu zaprezentowana zostanie nie tylko geneza i aktualne rozwiązania prawne funkcjonujące w Polsce, ale także w wybranych państwach europejskich.
EN
Naturally, it is the family who is predestined to take care of people with disabilities. However, they cannot be left alone with all their problems. What turns out to be necessary is the support from the state. It seems that nowadays public authorities recognize the necessity, however, they are trying to achieve the goal with the least possible financial involvement. What might constitute a very good example confirming the thesis is the long- -term negligence of the state in the area of assistance to carers of persons with disabilities in the form of the so-called respite care. The author’s objective was to set this institution in a broader context of support for carers of persons with disabilities. For this purpose, what will be elaborated on is not only the origins and current legal measures functioning in Poland, but also those in selected European countries.
EN
Currently observed dynamics of demographic processes tends to take actions that would support implementation of the needs and expectations of older people. This applies both to state social policy, as well as the construction of educational programs that will help to prepare professionals to prevent seniors’ social exclusion. It cannot be done anyhow, because demographic changes we are witnessing imply a number of consequences of economic, social, cultural and educational, whose elements are elderly. The constantly growing number of elderly people and increasing their social activity caused a need for professional training of specialists in the field assistant for the elderly interdisciplinary wider understood as part of system of care and support of the elderly.
PL
Obserwowana obecnie dynamika procesów demograficznych skłania do podjęcia działań, które będą sprzyjały realizacji potrzeb i oczekiwań osób starszych. Dotyczy to zarówno polityki społecznej państwa, jak i konstruowania programów edukacyjnych, które pozwolą na przygotowanie specjalistów zapobiegających ekskluzji społecznej seniorów. Nie można tego zrobić byle jak, gdyż zmiany demograficzne, których jesteśmy świadkami, implikują szereg konsekwencji ekonomicznych, społecznych, kulturowych i edukacyjnych, których elementem są osoby starsze. Stale rosnąca liczba osób w podeszłym wieku i coraz większa ich aktywność społeczna wywołały konieczność zawodowego kształcenia specjalistów w zakresie asystentury osobom starszym, pojmowanej interdyscyplinarnie, jako elementu szerzej rozumianego systemu opieki i wsparcia osób w podeszłym wieku.
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