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1

„Chcą urządzić masakrę, od której oślepłyby wieki...” – bomba atomowa a kultura Zachodu w polskiej poezji socrealistycznej

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

69-79

PL

The atomic bomb used in 1945 by the United States disturbed the military and symbolic balance of the world then. It became a sign of the Western power. The communist propaganda sought to neutralize the meaning of a new weapon. The text reconstructs the attempts of this neutralization and indicates the ways of presentation of nuclear weapons in the Polish poetry of socialist realism. Several motifs can be mentioned here: juxtaposition of the atomic bomb with apocalyptic motifs, highlighting the lack of intellectual and moral qualifications for possessing it, and emphasizing that it is a dangerous by-product of the Western desire for profit. Above all, however, the poetry of socialist realism underlined that Western culture is an incomprehensible and inhuman evil.

2

Wojna w erze nuklearnej. Rozważania cywilów i wojskowych na temat bomby atomowej i skutków jej użycia

100%

Olzacka E.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

21-31

PL

The article discusses the issue of development of views on an atomic bomb and a nuclear war created by scientists, politicians, military commanders, as well as civilian strategists, starting from the vision of an atomic bomb as a herald of the New Deal, social and political, till the American military plans of a nuclear attack on hundreds of targets in the Soviet Union. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the nuclear revolution which involved not only to military matters, but also strategy, international policy or war ethics was primarily linked to, apart from new technology, the idea of the future nuclear war and how its range, course and consequences were imagined.

3

Użyteczna czy bezużyteczna? Bomba atomowa w twórczości Jacka Dukaja

100%

Dawidowicz-Chymkowska O.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

101-107

PL

The article discusses the way of functioning of an atomic bomb in Jacek Dukaj’s works. A lot of attention is particularly paid to the analysis of the functions the A-bomb fulfils in this writer’s contemporary novel – Xavras Wyżryn. It is indicated that Dukaj used mainly symbolic power of atomic weapons in this work. The system of negative associations and emotions relating to these weapons clashed with the Polish messianic tradition of struggle for independence, which served as a basis for reflection on the issue of terrorism. In Dukaj’s novel, an atomic bomb is not the part of a coherent futurological vision or the basis for a deeper reflection concerning the civilization threats. In the writer’s later works, in which the reflection is clearly present, nuclear weapons no longer play a significant role. The threats presented are of different nature: they are connected with genetic, memetic or ecological experiments. The example of Dukaj’s works – the way in which the atomic weapons are present and absent in it – is a starting point for a hypothesis on the reduced attractiveness of nuclear weapons as a motif of the fantasy literature. Although they still carry a huge emotional load, at present the civilization concerns, which expressed themselves as the fear of nuclear weapons – e.g. the fear of excessive power of the mankind, the fear of selfdestruction or the changes taking place in the human species, to a great extent have shifted elsewhere.

4

Jak kino czechosłowackie detonowało bombę atomową, czyli o czym opowiada film Jindřicha Poláka Jutro wstanę rano i oparzę się herbatą (1977)

100%

Guzek M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

91-99

PL

Jindřich Polák’s film Tomorrow I’ll Wake Up and Scald Myself with Tea (Zítra vstanu a opařím se Cajeme) of 1977 is neither the first nor the last attempt to “detonate” an atomic bomb by the Czech filmmakers. However, this science fiction comedy uses the Wells’s concept of time travel to entertain a viewer with what the contemporary discourse calls the counterfactual history or simply considerations on “what if...”. The film was made in the peak period of normalization, thus all the historiosophical, ideological or political allusions are deeply hidden. Despite the futuristic context, diegesis is recognizable and contemporary at the same time, and thus full of ambiguous motivations of characters. The atomic bomb, therefore, is not merely a decorative artifact around which the main characters move.

5

W cieniu radiacji. Seksualizacje bomby atomowej w kulturze popularnej lat 40. i 50. w Stanach Zjednoczonych

88%

Urbanowicz P.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

33-41

PL

The aim of the article is to present a phenomenon of the sexualization of an atomic bomb in the popular culture of the 1940s and the 1950s in the United States. On the basis of sociological and cultural studies, the author lists the functions of this phenomenon. Furthermore, he uses the examples of press reports and popular cinema to indicate that the sexualization of the atomic bomb resulted from fear of sterilization and assimilation of soldiers coming back from the front. The analysis concerns the film I Married a Monster from Outer Space (1958). The author proves that science fiction films conceptualize social concerns, and accustom the viewers with atomic tension by means of appropriate narratives.

6

Hiroszima w historii i pamięci Amerykanów

88%

Parafianowicz H.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

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2016

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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14

EN

Now for over 70 years people have been arguing about the reasons for dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. American researchers are still divided over the issue of the purpose, effect and consequences of their use as well as moral evaluation of this American action. The polarized discussion has to a great degree focused on the traditional interpretation, on the one hand, claiming it was indispensable to finish the war and minimalize American losses; on the other hand, stating that – with Japan almost defeated and ready for capitulation – it was unnecessary. With time, the issue of competition and confrontation with the Russians was raised, questioning military considerations used for decades by the subsequent governmental circles. In historical literature one may also frequently come across indications of prejudice towards the Japanese and the need to avenge Pearl Harbor. According to the polls conducted in 1945, the majority of Americans (85%) approved of President Harry Truman’s decision and the use of atomic weapons against Japan. With time and the disclosure of the data concerning the effects of the use of this devastating weapon against civilians, and in particular, the effects and diseases caused by the radiation, a part of American society began to have their moral concerns. Thus, their approval kept falling with time: from 85% in 1945 to 72% in 1965, to 65% in 1988, to 53% in 1990. Album publications, movies, autobiographies, memoirs and interviews with the witnesses of those events, monuments, sculptures, musical pieces, paintings as well as numerous historical and popular works, and the omnipresent Internet have brought into the public circulation broader knowledge concerning the reasons and circumstances of dropping atomic bombs on the Japanese cities in August 1945. They enabled the subsequent American and Japanese generations to have deeper reflections on these painful and controversial events.

7

„Leci bomba, leci...” – „atomowe” lęki dzieci w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

75%

Grębecka Z.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

119-138

PL

The article discusses children’s fears and imaginings of an atomic bomb and a nuclear threat emerging in the memories of the Poles born in the second half of the 1960s and the 1970s. The sources used are ethnographic interviews conducted by the author of the study, Internet materials and memoirs. The author touches on the issue of transformations of the propaganda narratives concerning the nuclear threat in the subsequent periods of the People’s Republic of Poland, and the stages of the Cold War at the same time. Further, the article discusses the memories of this propaganda from the second half of the 1970s and the 1980s, the influence of family accounts and media reports, as well as concrete views on atomic weapons, the arms race and the disarmament process.

8

Ciało w stanie rozpadu. Doświadczenie bomby atomowej w relacjach hibakusha

75%

Szarecki A.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

43-52

PL

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are a symbolic source of all later views on a nuclear holocaust. The specificity of the Japanese narratives, however, lies in the fact that they take the first-person form, and thus they give a direct testimony of the individuals’ experience. In the article I refer to the personal accounts of the victims of the atomic bomb (the so-called hibakusha) to prove that corporeality is employed in them as the primary category of description, and functions as the existential ground on which both the horror of the explosion is constructed, and the collapse of the “world of life” of the community is experienced.

9

Kto rzucił butem w pulpit sterowniczy?!”, czyli atom w krzywym zwierciadle humoru (na materiale tekstów polskich, rosyjskich i czeskich)

75%

Gołębiowska-Suchorska A.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

147-161

PL

The article presents an analysis of humorous genres of contemporary Polish, Russian and Czech folklore (jokes, sadistic poems, chastushka), inspired by real or anticipated tragic events related to the use of nuclear energy. The purpose of comparing the texts in three languages was to identify common or different motivations which contributed to writing the texts of atomic humour in the countries with various degrees of advancement of nuclear weapons. The analysis is based on the texts of jokes (approx. 200) found in the Internet (the Polish, Russian and Czech servers), materials spread through spoken communication, and non-serial publications. The analysis proved that the fear motivating the atomic jokes is not caused by the fear of the atomic technology itself, but by the fear of irresponsible people and irreversibility of their unreasonable actions.

10

Połowiczny rozpad bomby atomowej. Dekontekstualizacja tekstów zimnowojennej kultury popularnej na przykładzie "Strażników"

63%

Kopeć J.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

193-202

PL

The article analyses and interprets Watchmen by Moore, Gibbons and Higgins in comparison with its movie adaptation directed by Zack Snyder. The hypothesis is that there is an observed phenomenon metaphorically called “half-life of atomic bomb”, during which the theme of the fear of the A-Bomb is gradually rinsed out of the popular/mass culture. This case study is to be treated as an introduction to further inquiry into the topic based on a wider selection of texts.

11

Warsztaty z Apokalipsy. Zagrożenia atomową zagładą w reportażach Swietłany Aleksijewicz, Katarzyny Boni oraz Johna Herseya

63%

Augustyn K.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

109-117

PL

The article analyses the reportage of John Hersey, Svetlana Alexievich and Katarzyna Boni devoted to the victims of the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima, as well as the nuclear reactor accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima. Presenting the consequences of disasters, not only in material, but above all in human terms, the author makes an attempt to find out how societies, including the heroes of reportage, process the trauma of contamination through culture, and what is the role in this process of the fictionalized type of this genre of the non-fiction prose. To answer the question whether the contemporary reportage can serve as a culture-creating factor, the author analyses the linguistic and stylistic features, which carry cultural meanings, as well as the composition of reportage texts revealing the way the authors build the world presented of their authentic stories.

12

Po co nam postapokalipsy? Kultura postapokaliptyczna na początku XXI wieku z perspektywy kultur Zachodu

51%

Wierel K.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

11-20

PL

In the article I wonder about the reasons for the growing popularity of the postapocalyptic works in the pop culture of the early 21st century. The world after the collapse of the Western civilization is created in various literary, film and photographic forms, the examples of which I present in my study. The alternative post-apocalyptic reality is the postindustrial reality, archaized and non-anthropocentric. The technological regress presented in the works is based on imaginings of the end and is analogous to the fall of humanity among those people who survived after the “end” or were born afterwards. In the post-apocalyptic works of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries it can be noticed that the authors of the vision of world “after to end” abandoned an extremely negative tone.

13

Wielcy Polacy w Projekcie Manhattan

51%

Król K.

Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej

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2023

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vol. 1

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issue 19

51-75

EN

The Manhattan Project is the code name for the most recognisable weapons programme in modern history. Although it was not the first nuclear weapons programme, it was certainly the largest and best known. More than a hundred thousand people took part in it: theoretical scientists and engineers, technicians and lab technicians, administrative and support staff, and soldiers. The most prominent are the scientists – the real cream of the scientific world of the time. Former or future Nobel Prize winners. Among them was a large representation of people with Polish roots and two young scientists from Poland: a mathematician and a physicist. One is recognised as the co-inventor of the hydrogen bomb, the other of the classical uranium bomb. This article presents the profiles of these two great Polish scientists, who made a considerable contribution to the project that culminated in the creation of the most destructive type of weapon – a nuclear weapon.

PL

Projekt Manhattan to kryptonim najbardziej rozpoznawalnego programu zbrojeniowego we współczesnej historii. Chociaż nie był pierwszym programem budowy broni jądrowej, z całą pewnością był największym i najbardziej znanym. Brało w nim udział ponad sto tysięcy osób: począwszy od naukowców-teoretyków i inżynierów, jak również techników i laborantów, pracowników administracji i personelu pomocniczego, a skończywszy na żołnierzach. Najbardziej znani są naukowcy – to prawdziwa śmietanka ówczesnego świata nauki, byli lub przyszli laureaci Nagrody Nobla. Wśród nich znalazła się liczna reprezentacja osób o polskich korzeniach oraz dwóch młodych naukowców z Polski: matematyk i fizyk. Jeden uznawany jest za współtwórcę bomby wodorowej, drugi – klasycznej bomby uranowej. Artykuł przedstawia sylwetki obu wielkich polskich naukowców, którzy wnieśli niebagatelny wkład w projekt zakończony stworzeniem najbardziej destrukcyjnego typu broni – broni jądrowej.

14

Juliusz i Ethel – historia małżeństwa Rosenbergów w dramacie Leona Kruczkowskiego z 1954 roku. Elementy dyskursu antywojennego w literaturze polskiej we wczesnych latach 50.

51%

Wieczorek M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2017

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vol. 61(1 (456))

53-68

PL

The text discusses the play about the last hours of life of the Rosenbergs titled Julius and Ethel, the history of the trial, passing the sentence and the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs carried out on June 19, 1953. Besides Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy’s “witch-hunt”, this is the second most famous example of the American anti-communist atmosphere of the early 1950s, which led to the crisis of the democratic order and its institutions in the United States. The case took place at the beginning of the Cold War division of the world and the nuclear arms race, which put the world on the brink of selfdestruction. For the US radicals and the left-wing intellectuals, the Rosenbergs belonging to the US Communist Party are victims of the right-wing witch-hunt, creating anti-communist atmosphere, however they are also perceived as patrons of antiwar movements, precursors of the nuclear weapons opponents movement (the espionage, which they had never confessed to was to concern passing secrets about the US nuclear weapons programs to the Russians). For conservative America this will be a story about the efficiency of the legal, political and moral system facing a real threat in the fight against communism – dangerous for the entire civilized democratic world. How does the socialist realism work by Leon Kruczkowski appear against this background?

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12 Przegląd Humanistyczny

1 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

1 Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej

1 Augustyn K.

1 Dawidowicz-Chymkowska O.

1 Gołębiowska-Suchorska A.

1 Grębecka Z.

1 Guzek M.

1 Kopeć J.

1 Kowalczyk M.

1 Król K.

1 Olzacka E.

1 Parafianowicz H.

1 Szarecki A.

1 Urbanowicz P.

1 Wieczorek M.

1 Wierel K.

1 2023

12 2017

1 2016

„Chcą urządzić masakrę, od której oślepłyby wieki...” – bomba atomowa a kultura Zachodu w polskiej poezji socrealistycznej

Wojna w erze nuklearnej. Rozważania cywilów i wojskowych na temat bomby atomowej i skutków jej użycia

Użyteczna czy bezużyteczna? Bomba atomowa w twórczości Jacka Dukaja

Jak kino czechosłowackie detonowało bombę atomową, czyli o czym opowiada film Jindřicha Poláka Jutro wstanę rano i oparzę się herbatą (1977)

W cieniu radiacji. Seksualizacje bomby atomowej w kulturze popularnej lat 40. i 50. w Stanach Zjednoczonych

Hiroszima w historii i pamięci Amerykanów

„Leci bomba, leci...” – „atomowe” lęki dzieci w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

Ciało w stanie rozpadu. Doświadczenie bomby atomowej w relacjach hibakusha

Kto rzucił butem w pulpit sterowniczy?!”, czyli atom w krzywym zwierciadle humoru (na materiale tekstów polskich, rosyjskich i czeskich)

Połowiczny rozpad bomby atomowej. Dekontekstualizacja tekstów zimnowojennej kultury popularnej na przykładzie "Strażników"

Warsztaty z Apokalipsy. Zagrożenia atomową zagładą w reportażach Swietłany Aleksijewicz, Katarzyny Boni oraz Johna Herseya

Po co nam postapokalipsy? Kultura postapokaliptyczna na początku XXI wieku z perspektywy kultur Zachodu

Wielcy Polacy w Projekcie Manhattan

Juliusz i Ethel – historia małżeństwa Rosenbergów w dramacie Leona Kruczkowskiego z 1954 roku. Elementy dyskursu antywojennego w literaturze polskiej we wczesnych latach 50.