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The atoms of Democritus keep properties similar to the soul because they possess the ability for spontaneous movement. Simplikios wrote that “atoms move in all directions”. In accordance with Greek ideas only the soul has the ability for spontaneous movement. Krokiewicz shows why “atomism - despite its genius – did not gain the acknowledgement among Hellenic thinkers”. Like the body, the human soul is composed of atoms which are subject to the physical necessity. A human being in accordance with his own nature can influence atoms of which body and soul are each composed. He can either make an order among these atoms, or a chaos. Atoms serve Democritus as the support for integrating the human reason with the ratio-nality of the world. They are also the basis for theoretical understanding of the mechanisms of the world.
EN
Epicurean physics elaborates on a system of universal kinetics as regards the crea-tion of the world. One of the main principles is that there is no genesis without motion. The human being, as all other beings, is the product of the motion of atoms within the cosmic void. Due to a sudden swerve in the motion of some atoms, it can be upheld, according to the Epicureans and Lucretius, that there is no determinism in the universe and the human being is capable of free will. The atomic motions and the swerves also take place in the space of the human soul. Lucretius, in the De Rerum Natura, follows with precision the content of the Epicurean dogmas, and divides the soul into an irra-tional part, which he calls anima, and a rational one, animus, according to the distinc-tion between ψυχή and διάνοια.
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