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PL
Samoświadomość w teorii Z. Zaborowskiego (CF) nie stanowi jednolitej struktury, ale jest układem dynamicznych procesów, i można w niej wyodrębnić określone treści (wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne), które uporządkowane są za pomocą różnych form samoświadomości: indywidualnej, zewnętrznej, refleksyjnej i obronnej. Prezentowane w artykule badania pokazują związek, jaki zachodzi między samoświadomością (forma refleksyjna, indywidualna i zewnętrzna) a atrybucją.
EN
The self-awareness theory (CF) developed by Zaborowski makes a distinction between self-awareness content and its processing forms or modes. The content is divided into external and internal one, and can be processed in any of four self-awareness forms: individual, defensive, outer and reflective. Self-awareness operates in a dynamical way, and is functional with respect to personality and external conditions. The forms of self-awareness organize, order and integrate the self-awareness content and in doing so they influence behavior. This paper shows the relationships between the CF theory (reflective, individual, external form) and attribution.
EN
In the article issues are tackled connected with establishing the authorship and correctness of Józef Czechowicz’s texts. Typescripts of his poems that he had left unsigned, and that are now among the signed manuscripts and typescripts, gave a lot of trouble to editors of the poet’s works. A lack of his signature caused hesitations as to the authorship; however, sometimes there was a possibility of completely ruling out the authorship of the Lublin poet. The problem of authorship is also complicated because of other poets’ poems that Czechowicz copied himself. New prospects connected with establishing the authorship of the texts are offered by reaching to the poet’s surviving original poems. Owing to this method – in several cases – it was possible to reconstruct their correct shape.
EN
This paper attempts to characterise generally the poetic legacy of Stanislaw Kostka Potocki. In several books of the Public Archives of Potocki’s family one can found mainly unpublished poetical works preserved in various forms: autographs, copies controlled by the author and his fair copies or copies made by secretaries. Some of the texts are unfinished, others are carefully refined, however, preserved number of variants and correction versions of concrete works give opportunity to analyse the author’s workshop. First of all, it seems that these are the original texts, although there are many problems associated with their attribution. On the basis of the preserved materials, it can be assumed that Stanislaw Kostka Potocki could have prepared some of his poems for publication.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań opartych na teoretycznych podstawach koncepcji Seligmana. Owa koncepcja wskazuje na możliwości interpretacji zdarzeń jako optymistycznych lub pesymistycznych. Optymizm i nadzieja jawią się jako istotny wyznacznik zachowań, a także osiągnięć człowieka, ponieważ łączą się z siłą przekonania o własnych możliwościach, motywacją do podejmowania coraz to nowych wyzwań. Zaprezentowane w artykule wyniki badań sugerują, że młodzież młodsza częściej niż starsza wyjaśnia sytuacje niepowodzeń, stosując strategię odnajdywania nadziei. Nadzieja jest przejawem optymistycznego wyjaśniania stałości i zasięgu sytuacji niepowodzeń. Jest wynikiem postrzegania siebie przez pryzmat własnych możliwości i aspiracji. Można oczekiwać, że naukowe ustalenia diagnostyczne dotyczące mocnych stron człowieka, w tym także jego optymizmu i nadziei, będą istotnym źródłem w budowaniu przestrzeni rehabilitacyjnej dla osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
EN
This article presents the findings of research based on the theoretical fundamentals of Seligman’s concept. This concept shows that events can be interpreted as optimistic or pessimistic. Optimism and hope seem to be an important determinant of human behaviors and achievements 152 Joanna Głodkowska as they are connected with the strength of belief in one’s own abilities and with the motivation to keep taking up new challenges. The research findings presented in the article suggest that younger adolescents explain their misfortunes using hope-based strategies more frequently than older adolescents. Hope indicates that failures are explained in an optimistic way. Hope results from perceiving oneself from the angle of one’s abilities and aspirations. It is reasonable to expect that scientific diagnostic findings concerning human strengths, including human optimism and hope, will be an important resource to create rehabilitation space for people with intellectual disabilities.
EN
This article attempts to refute the generally accepted view that Jan Wojciech (Albert) Łubieński, Pantler of Sieradz, was the patron of Piotr Baryka,, the author of the comedy Z chłopa król (The Peasant Become King), first staged in 1633 (editio princeps, 1637). The attribution results from a conjecture, which has never been properly verified, formulated by Ludwik Bernacki in 1904. Yet in the 1630s Jan Wojciech Łubieński held no public office (he was probably completing his education) and, crucially, did not become Pantler of Sieradz until 1643. In consequence, we presume that Baryka's patron may well have been Łubieński's uncle, a wealthy man renowned for his generosity, who had the same first name.
EN
1. In this article we presented a metaphysical analysis of the analogy, presenting it as an essential condition for ontological and cognitive realism.2. We use analogy every day, both in philosophy and in ordinary life, expressing ourselves, description of reality, etc.3. The analogy is briefly saying “similarity of dissimilar”.4. The analogy occurs in the ontological, cognitive and language aspect (predication), providing them with realism. The main aspect is the aspect of the ontic.5. Apart from realistic analogy, there is also the analogy in poetry and language of mysticism, called a metaphor or parable. However, it is connected with subjective and experiential human world.6. The analogy exists primarily as a way of cognition, which reveals ontological pluralism of the world. This cognition is a reflection of analogical being in terms of its constituent compositions and both intra-being (integrating parts, essence and existence, substance and accidents, matter and form, act and potency, etc.) and inter-beings relations.7. The analogy of cognition is realized as: metaphorical analogy, analogy of attribution and the analogy of general and transcendental proportionality.8. In the predication we have to deal with analogy of predicates and the analogy of the predicate rule.9. The analogical inference is an extension of analogy of predication.
PL
1. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiliśmy analizę metafizyczną analogii, ukazując ją jako nieodzowny warunek realizmu bytowego i poznawczego.2. Analogią posługujemy się na co dzień i to zarówno w filozofii, jak i w zwykłym życiu, wyrażaniu się, opisie rzeczywistości itd.3. Analogia to najkrócej mówiąc „podobieństwo w niepodobieństwie”.4. Analogia występuje w aspekcie bytowym, poznawczym i językowym (orzekanie), zapewniając im realizm. Podstawowym aspektem jest aspekt bytowy.5. Analogia metaforyczna (metafora, parabola etc.) może też występować w funkcji pozarealistycznej, w poezji lub w języku mistyki. Wówczas bardziej jest związana ze sferą subiektywną i przeżywaniową człowieka.6. Analogia występuje przede wszystkim jako sposób poznania, który ujawnia nam pluralizm bytowy świata. To poznanie jest odzwierciedleniem analogicznego bytu i to w aspekcie jego konstytutywnych złożeń i relacji tak wewnątrzbytowych (części integrujące, istota i istnienie, substancja i przypadłość, materia i forma, akt i możność etc.), jak i międzybytowych.7. Analogia poznania realizuje się jako: analogia metaforyczna, atrybucji, proporcjonalności ogólnej i transcendentalnej.8. W orzekaniu mamy do czynienia z analogią orzeczników i samego orzekania.9. Rozwinięciem analogii orzekania jest analogia wnioskowania.
HR
Članak pokušava predstaviti psihološke mehanizme atribucije, koja se pojavljuje u sekundarnom primanju teksta i evaluaciju uloge prevoditelja. Mehanizmi opisani u članku odnose se na razlike u perspektivi — glumac (prevoditelj) i promatrač (čitatelj) te opisane su u kontekstu stereotipa koji se pojavljuju u izvornom i sekundarnom tekstu. Autor priznaje da proces stereotipizaci je neizbježan, a čitatelj može stalno stavljati pitanje za (ne)prevođenje, što čini da je opterećen prekomjernom „psihologizacjijom“.
EN
This paper attempts to provide for the psychological mechanisms of attribution, which appear in secondary text reception and evaluation of the role of the interpreter. The mechanisms described in the article relate to the difference in the perspective of the actor (the translator) and the observer (reader) and are described in the context of the stereotypes that appear in the source text and secondary text. The author acknowledges that the process of stereotyping is inevitable and at each step the reader asks the question about the (non) translatability is well founded, but is doomed to impose excessive “psychologization”.
PL
Zachowało się około trzydziestu białoruskich tekstów z okresu Powstania 1863 r. W artykule główną uwagę zwrócono przede wszystkim na historię tych utworów, problemy tekstologii i atrybucji. Przeanalizowano uważnie dobrze znane i dostępne redakcje. Przede wszystkim dotyczy to Gawędy Starego Dziada, której dwadzieścia dwie wersje (dziewiętnaście białoruskich, dwie litewskie i rosyjska) zostały niedawno opublikowane w książce Tomasza Nastulczyka. Korzystając zarówno z fotokopii T. Nastulczyka, jak i oryginałów (lub mikrofilmów), spróbowano „odnaleźć” protograf Gawędy…, autorską wersję dzieła. W rezultacie zasugerowano, że znane wersje można podzielić na pięć grup (niektóre z nich mają dwie, trzy lub cztery edycje). Może to oznaczać, że z wersji autora wyłoniło się co najmniej pięć redakcji, których kopistami byli w rze¬czywistości redaktorzy, a nawet współautorzy naszego poety. W wyniku analizy stwerdzono, że najbliżej protografu jest wariant tzw. grupy „litograficznej”. W tym artykule nie podnoszono kwestii autorstwa, ale obecność w wersjach grup „litografowanych” i „poznańsko-lwowskich” znacznej liczby czasowników z bez¬okolicznikiem na -ci kieruje nasze starania w poszukiwaniu autora na nosicieli dialektu wołkowysko-białostockiego. Oczywiście K. Kalinouski może nie być tym autorem, ale znaczące podobieństwo Gawędy… do „Mużyckiej Praudy” w wielu aspektach treści ideologicznych i artystycznych pozwala na poszukiwanie poety wśród jego najbliższych współpracowników, zarówno wśród młodzieży studenckiej w Petersburgu i Moskwie, jak i organizacji powstańczej na Grodzieńszczyźnie.
EN
About thirty Belarusian-language texts of the Uprising of 1863 have survived up to this day. Our interest lay, first of all, in the history of these works, the problems of their textual analysis, as well as their attribution. We closely looked at all known and available lists of their publishers. This concerns the Conversation (Hutarka) of an old man, twenty-two lists of which (nineteen Belarusian, one Lithuanian and one Russian) have recently been published in a specialised book by Tomas Nastulchik. We used photocopies from T. Nastulchik’s book as well as originals (or microfilms) from archival files, tried to identify the protograph of the Conversation..., or rather, the author's version of the work. As a result, we came to the conclusion that the preserved lists can be divided into five groups (some of which include two, three or four edited versions of the text). This may mean that, on the basis of the author's version, no less than five lists appeared, the scribes of which were in fact editors or even co-authors of our poet. We believe that some of the earliest, and thus the closest to the protograph, are the lists of the so-called “lithographed” groups. We did not raise the question of authorship due to the lack of necessary material, but we believe that the presence of a significant number of verbs with an infinitive postfix- “ci” in the lists of the “lithographed” and “Poznań-Lviv” groups directs our efforts to find the author among speakers of the Volkovysk-Bialystok dialect of the Belarusian language. Of course, K. Kalinouski may not be the author, but the significant similarity of the Conversation (Hutarka)... and the “Muzhytskaya Prauda” in many aspects of its ideological and artistic content allows us to look for the poet in the circle of his closest associates, both among the students of the St. Petersburg-Moscow youth and the Grodno insurgent organization. We considered it necessary to include Lithuanian-language versions of the Conversation (Hutarka) in our publication since we believe that the problem of attribution of the Belarusian work is closely connected to the Lithuanian text.
BE
Да нашага часу дайшлі блізу трыццаці беларускамоўных тэкстаў Паў¬стання 1863 г. У артыкуле нас у першую чаргу цікавілі пытанні гісторыі гэтых твораў, праблемы тэксталогіі, а таксама атрыбуцыі. Дык мы пільна прыглядаліся да ўсіх вядомых і даступных іхніх спісаў-рэдакцый. У першую чаргу сказанае датычыць Гутаркі старога дзеда, дваццаць два спісы якое (дзевятнаццаць беларускіх, два літоўскія і расейскі) нядаўна ў адмысловай кнізе выдаў Томаш Настульчык. Мы, выкарыстоўваючы як фотакопіі Т. Настульчыка, так і арыгіналы (ці мікрафільмы) з архіўных спраў, паспра-бавалі “дашукацца” пратографа Гутаркі…, аўтарскага варыянта твора. У вы-ніку прыйшлі да думкі, што захаваныя спісы магчыма падзяліць на пяць груп (асобныя з якіх маюць дзве, тры ці чатыры рэдакцыі). Гэта можа азначаць, што на падставе аўтарскага варыянта ўзнікла не менш за пяць спісаў, перапісвальнікі якіх з’яўляліся па сутнасці рэдактарамі ці нават сааўтарамі нашага паэта. Мы лічым, што адным з найбольш ранніх, а г. зн. і найбольш набліжаным да пратографа, з’яўляецца варыянт г. зв. “літа-графаванае” групы. Пытанне пра аўтарства ў дадзенай працы мы не ставім, але мяркуем, што наяўнасць у спісах “літаграфаванае”, а таксама “пазнанска-львоўскае” групаў значнае колькасці дзеясловаў з інфінітыўным суфіксам -ci скіроўвае нашыя намаганні на пошук аўтара сярод носьбітаў ваўкавыска-беластоцкага дыялекту беларускае мовы. Вядома, К. Каліноўскі гэтым аўтарам можа і не быць, аднак значнае падабенства Гутаркі… да “Мужыцкае праўды” ў шмат якіх аспектах ідэйна-мастацкага зместу дазваляе шукаць паэта ў коле ягоных найбліжэйшых аднадумцаў як сярод студэнцкае пецярбургска-маскоўскае моладзі, так і Гродзенскае паўстанцкае арганізацыі.
EN
The article discusses Juliusz W. Gomulicki’s attribution of the sonnet Loneliness as a poem by Norwid, which led the editor to include it among the poet’s lyrical works. In this piece, however, neither the specific development of the theme of loneliness, nor elements of style, argumentation and construction seem to confirm this.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy weryfikacji przyjętego przez Juliusza W. Gomulickiego jako wiersz Norwida sonetu Samotność i umieszczonego przez tegoż edytora w kanonie lirycznym poety. Ani sposób ujęcia problematyki samotności, ani elementy stylu, ani przebiegu myśli oraz jej konstrukcji nie potwierdzają wskazanej przez edytora Pism wszystkich atrybucji.
EN
This article is the first literary analysis which shapes the specifics and means of poetics in the poem Krakow. The manuscript, in which the author used the pseudonym Adel, dates back to 1850. It was placed in the famous manuscript along with the well-known Belarusian anonymous poem Stepmom. The nature of artistic means used in the poem Krakow, suggests, that the real author of this work is the well-known writer Gabriel Puzynya (1815 – 1869). This conclusion confirms the author’s earlier statement that G. Puzynya is the most likely the author of the Belarusian poem Stepmom.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje pionierską analizę literaturoznawczą środków wyrazu artystycz­ne­go i obrazowania poetyckiego wiersza Kraków, którego  rękopis datowany na 1850 rok, pod­pi­sa­ny pseudonimem Adela, został odnaleziony w jednej obwolucie z rękopisem znanego ano­ni­mowego poematu Macocha. Środki artystyczne wiersza Kraków, a także poematu Maco­cha pot­wierdzają tezę, że autorem obu utworów jest znana w owym czasie pisarka, Gabriela Puzynina (1815–1869).
RU
У артыкуле ўпершыню праводзіцца літаратуразнаўчы аналіз вобразнай спецыфікі і сродкаў паэтычнага майстэрства верша Krakow, рукапіс якога быў падпісаны псеўданімам Адэля, датаваны 1850 годам і змяшчаўся ў адным канвалюце з рукапісам вядомай ананімнай беларускай паэмы Мачаха. Характар мастацкіх сродкаў, выкарыстаных у вершы Кракаў, дазваляе меркаваць, што яго аўтарам з’яўляецца вядомая на той час пісьменніца Габрыэля Пузыня (1815–1869). Такая акалічнасць дадаткова абгрунтоўвае высунутае раней аўтарам дадзенага артыкула сцверджанне, што Г. Пузыня – найбольш верагодная аўтарка беларускай паэмы Мачаха. 
PL
Artykuł omawia historię zabialskiego zbioru rękopisów, problemy z odczytaniem jednego z jego tekstów – słynnej Komedii autorstwa Kajetana Moraszewskiego. Stawiane są pytania: czy klasztor Dominikanów Zabielskich miał kolegium – instytucję edukacyjną dla dzieci zamożnej szlachty – i teatr? Naszym zdaniem w Wołyńcach znajdowało się skryptorium – rodzaj centrum przygoto¬wania i przepisywania „ćwiczeń” do szkolenia duchownych Zakonu Domini¬kanów. Uważnie analizując zabialski rękopis z 1787 r. doszliśmy do wniosku, że nie może to być ani autograf K. Moraszewskiego, ani autograf M. Ciecierskiego. Kolejne pytanie, na które historycy literatury będą musieli odpowiedzieć sobie: czy Wolność w niewoli i Komedii to utwory K. Moraszewskiego lub teksty, które on przygotował (zebrał, komponował, przerabiał itp.) na zajęcia ze studentami z poetyki lub retoryki?
BE
У артыкуле разглядаецца гісторыя забельскага рукапіснага зборніка, праблемы расчытання аднаго з ягоных тэкстаў – славутае Камедыі, аўтарам якое лічыцца Каятан Марашэўскі. Ставіцца пытанне: ці існаваў пры Забель-скім дамініканскім кляштары калегіум – навучальная ўстанова для дзяцей заможнае шляхты – і тэатар? На нашую думку, у Валынцах “дзейнічаў” скрыпторый – своеасаблівы асяродак па падрыхтоўцы і перапісванні “прак-тыкаванняў” дзеля навучання клерыкаў дамініканскага ордэна. Уважліва прааналізаваўшы забельскі рукапіс 1787 г., мы прыйшлі да высновы, што ён не можа з’яўляцца ні аўтографам К. Марашэўскага, ні аўтографам М. Цяцер-скага. Чарговае пытанне, на якое неабходна будзе адказаць гісторыкам літаратуры: Вольнасць у няволі і Камедыя – гэта ўласныя творы К. Марашэўскага ці тэксты, якія ён падрыхтаваў (сабраў, склаў, перапрацаваў і інш.) дзеля заняткаў са студэнтамі на лекцыях паэтыкі альбо рыторыкі?
EN
The article examines the history of the Zabelsky manuscript collection, the problems of reading one of its texts – the famous Comedy, authored by Kayatan Marashevsky. The question is: did the Zabelsky Dominican Monastery have a college – an educational institution for the children of the wealthy nobility – and a theatre? In our opinion, in Walyncy there was a scriptorium – a kind of center for the preparation and rewriting of "exercises" for the training of clerics of the Dominican Order. Carefully analyzing the Zabel manuscript of 1787, we came to the conclusion that it can be neither an autograph of K. Marashevsky nor an autograph of M. Tetersky. Another question that will have to be answered by literary historians: Are Liberty in Captivity and Comedy are K. Marashevsky's own works or texts that he prepared (collected, composed, reworked, etc.) for classes with students in lectures on poetry or rhetoric?
12
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Teleologia autorstwa

32%
EN
Authorship is not an unknown concept in the history of the Mediterranean culture. As a matter of fact the phenomenon of authorship has been present since the ancient times and is much older than its protection. An interdisciplinary dialogue about protection and codification of copyrightlaw began some five hundred years ago and led to an effective sustainable development in the entire Mediterranean area, playing in modern times a role of the cultural heritage. What is authorship today? Is it still a valid category? Who owns the movie rights? The essay introduces discussions on issues that are bound to engage readers attention (e.g. author’s definition, copyright owner, media production, art of moving image, team working, collective creation, attribution, etc.) and provide a stimulating new way into exploring key concepts of copyright law in film and new media.
PL
Podstawowy kierunek rozważań poświęconych sytuacji autora w kulturze nowożytnej wyznacza teza, iż fenomen autorstwa stanowi podstawę funkcjonowania i rozwoju kultury Zachodu zarówno w czasach współczesnych, jak i w kontekście jej wielowiekowej tradycji sięgającej świata antyku. Nowe technologie nie wyeliminowały instancji autorskiej, wprost przeciwnie, po raz kolejny w dziejach odkryły nieodzowność autora jako sprawcy utworu artystycznego. Od końca wieku XIX do chwili obecnej jesteśmy świadkami pasjonującego procesu adaptacji tradycyjnej idei autorstwa do potrzeb nowych dziedzin twórczości, których wyrazem stał się utwór audiowizualny. Autorstwo traktowane jako funkcja i własność intelektualna dzieła posiada wymiar symboliczny i autoteliczny, realizując własne zadania i cele w ramach danego systemu kultury. Teleologia autorstwa, z jaką mamy do czynienia w sztuce i nauce, jest źródłem szczególnie cennych wartości społecznych, dlatego powinna stać się obiektem pieczołowitej ochrony i troski państwa. Wprawdzie prawo autorskie wchodzi w skład domeny prawa prywatnego, jednak wyższego rzędu wartość, jaką wnosi wszelka twórczość do życia danej zbiorowości, czyni zarówno wymiar sprawiedliwości, jak i wszelkie instytucje państwowe odpowiedzialnymi za jej mądrą i skuteczną ochronę.
Biblioteka
|
2019
|
issue 23(32)
235-261
EN
The collections of the Raczyński Library in Poznań include the incunabulum Epistolae by Saint Hieronimus published in the printing office of Peter Schöffer in Mainz in 1470 (call number: Inc. I 11). This work is relatively richly illuminated, having a number of decorated ornamented initials (rubrics, delicate initials and illuminated initials) as well as a border illuminations – a row of fleuron ornaments depicting a deer, two little monkeys and a bird. An analysis of the zoomorphic motifs has revealed that the zoomorphic motifs are directly related to the content of the book. An analysis of the formal features of the enlarged and decorated capital letters and the first letters of a section of the text made it possible to establish that its originator represented typical German book illumination tradition, and possibly even cooperated with the Mainz-based printing office of Peter Schöffer. A number of certain formal analogies with the incunabulum Inc. 829, currently held at the Jagiellonian Library and widely addressed in the literature, suggest however an alternative attribution, namely that of an anonymous Cracow-based artist (known as the Illuminator of the Decretalia).
PL
W zbiorach Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu znajduje się inkunabuł Epistolae św. Hieronima wydrukowany w 1470 roku w mogunckiej oficynie Petera Schöffera (sygn. Inc. I 11). Dzieło to posiada stosunkowo bogatą dekorację iluminatorską, na którą składają się inicjały (rubrykatorskie, filigranowe i iluminowane) oraz floratury z motywami jelenia, dwóch małpek oraz ptaka. Analiza motywów zoomorficznych wykazała ich bezpośrednie powiązanie z treścią książki. Cechy formalne dekoracji iluminatorskiej pozwoliły zaś na uznanie ich wykonawcy za reprezentanta niemieckiej tradycji malarstwa książkowego, być może współpracującego z moguncką oficyną Petera Schöffera. Analogie formalne ze znanym z literatury inkunabułem Inc. 829 z Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej skłaniają jednak do alternatywnej atrybucji – anonimowemu twórcy krakowskiemu (zwanemu Iluminatorem Dekretaliów).
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