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Historia autyzmu: od baśni i legend po badania genetyczne – laboratorium budowy mitów w nauce

100%
Osóbka K.
Studia Edukacyjne
|
2020
|
issue 56
339-367
EN
Osóbka Krzysztof, Historia autyzmu: od baśni i legend po badania genetyczne – laboratorium budowy mitów w nauce [History of Autism: from Fairy Tales and Legends Through Genetic Research – a Laboratory of Building Scientific Myths]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 56, 2020, Poznań 2020, pp. 339-367. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2020.56.19 Autism is one of the most mysterious human disorders ever known. Although existent from the dawn of humanity, it was only in 1943 that science took up this subject. Before, undiscovered and unnamed, it was considered merely a legend, and the only existing records were those of few pioneer case studies. The discoveries of Leo Kanner, the first person to properly define autism, marked the onset of a struggle to describe the disorder using scientific jargon. Unfortunately, the trials were not always successful. Autism, as described by contemporary science, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Theories claiming its psychogenic etiology can no longer be sustained. The history of research concerning autism points to a phenomenon known as collective thinking, a term coined by Ludwik Fleck, as well as to the process of the emergence of a scientific myth. It is a study of how researchers’ presuppositions can shape social beliefs and at the same time how constructing scientific theories is inherently ingrained in the cognitive style of an era. The second half of the 20th century marks the beginning of a gradual change in the classification of autism. The perception of the nature of this disorder shifted from psychogenic theories to organic etiologies. It was the voice of the enormously talented and creative individuals with high-functioning autism, a voice rejected until the 1980s, that triggered a breakthrough in relevant research.
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Historia autyzmu od baśni i legend po badania genetyczne – laboratorium budowy mitów w nauce

100%
Osóbka K.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
|
2017
|
issue 37
93-120
EN
Autism is one of the most mysterious human disorders ever known. Although existing since the dawn of humanity, it was only in 1943 that science took up this subject. Before, undiscovered and unnamed, it was considered merely a legend, and the only existing records were those of a few pioneer case studies. With his discoveries, Leo Kanner, the first person to properly define autism, marked the beginning of a struggle to describe the disorder using scientific language. Unfortunately, the attempts were not always successful. Autism, as described by contemporary science, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Theories claiming its psychogenic aetiology can no longer be sustained. The history of research concerning autism points to a phenomenon known as collective thinking – a term coined by Ludwik Fleck, as well as to the process of the emergence of a scientific myth. It is a study of how researchers’ presuppositions can shape social beliefs, and at the same time how constructing scientific theories is inherently ingrained in the cognitive style of an era. The second half of the 20th century marks the beginning of a gradual change in the classification of autism. The perception of the nature of this disorder shifted from psychogenic theories to organic aetiologies. It is the voice of the enormously talented and creative individuals with high-functioning autism that triggered a breakthrough in the research - a voice that was ignored until the 1980s.
3
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Zarys dziejów autyzmu – historia przemian

93%
Osóbka K.
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
|
2014
|
issue 4
287-296
PL
Autyzm jest jednym z najbardziej tajemniczych zaburzeń rozwoju człowieka – choć towarzyszy ludzkości od początku jej istnienia, został stosunkowo późno opisany przez naukę, bo dopiero w 1943 r. Od czasów Leo Kannera, który pierwszy zdefi niował autyzm, nauka starała się wyjaśniać zagadki tego zaburzenia własnym językiem, choć nie zawsze w sposób bardziej racjonalny. Radykalną zmianę w tych dociekaniach spowodował głos, któremu jeszcze w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w. nie przypisywano racji bytu, głos wysokofunkcjonujących osób z autyzmem – wybitnie uzdolnionych i twórczych ludzi.
EN
Autism is one of the most mysterious human disorders ever known. Although existent from the dawn of humanity, it was only in 1943 that science took up this subject. Leo Kanner, the fi rst person to properly defi ne autism, with his discoveries marked the beginning of a struggle to describe the disorder using scientifi c jargon. Unfortunately, the trials were not always successful. It is the voice of the enormously talented and creative individuals with highfunctioning autism that triggered a breakthrough in the research- the voice that was discarded until the 1980s.
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