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Globalization and New Centers of Automotive Manufacturing – the Case of Brazil, Mexico, and Central Europe

100%
Wójtowicz M., Rachwał T.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2014
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vol. 25
81-107
EN
The globalization of the automotive industry in the last twenty years has manifested itself ina rapid increase in the assembly of automobiles and the production of automotive components and spareparts outside of the traditional centers of automotive manufacturing. On the basis of contemporary researchand literature, we can distinguish two types of emerging centers of automobile manufacturing.First are potentially large domestic markets with a low level of motor vehicle ownership and rapidlygrowing economy such as Brazil. The second type of new automobile manufacturing center consistsof the peripheries of automotive core regions such as Mexico in the case of the North American coreregion and Central Europe in the case of the Western European core region. These new growth centershave benefitted from their lower production costs compared to those of core regions and their geographicproximity to the largest automobile markets. These emerging centers of manufacturing havebecome attractive locations, especially for export-oriented manufacturing facilities operated by largetransnational automotive corporations attempting to improve their global competitiveness. The purposeof this paper is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment on the development of automobile productionin these three emerging regions. The paper reviews post-1990 production trends and changes inthe geography of automobile production, especially new greenfield investments in the three analyzedregions. We examine changes in international trade in Brazil, Mexico and Central Europe with a focuson automobiles and automobile parts. Based on the results of our research, we determine the effects offoreign direct investment and industrial upgrading on the role of these emerging production centers inthe global production system.
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Rola przemysłu samochodowego w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym Meksyku

84%
Wójtowicz M.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2017
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vol. Volume 31, Issue 4
83-102
PL
Artykuł ma na celu zbadanie zmian znaczenia przemysłu samochodowego w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym Meksyku, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem 16 stanów, w których koncentruje się jego działalność. W analizie uwzględniono okres od połowy lat osiemdziesiątych XX wieku do ostatniego spisu przemysłowego w 2014 roku. W tym czasie zaszły zasadnicze zmiany w polityce rządu względem tego sektora, zrywające ze strategią jego rozwoju na bazie rynku wewnętrznego na korzyść zwiększania produkcji eksportowej. W celu określenia znaczenia sektora motoryzacyjnego w poszczególnych stanach wzięto pod uwagę wielkość zatrudnienia oraz udział w wartości dodanej brutto (WDB). Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły stwierdzić, iż wraz ze zmianą międzynarodowych i krajowych uwarunkowań rozwoju przemysłu samochodowego, prowadzących do zmian w jego przestrzennym rozmieszczeniu, odegrał on bardzo ważną rolę w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym stanów będących w ostatnich dwóch dekadach miejscami nowych inwestycji związanych z tym sektorem. Równocześnie zmniejszyło się jego znaczenie w rozwoju tych stanów, w których zlokalizowane były zakłady w początkowej fazie jego rozwoju.
EN
The aim of this paper is to determine the evolution of the position of the automobile industry in the socio-economic development of Mexico, with particular focus on 16 states, which concentrates its main activities. The analysis included the period from the mid 1980s to the last industrial census in 2014. During this period, there was a significant change in government policy towards the sector, breaking with the strategy of its development based on the internal market in favour of increasing export production. In order to determine the importance of the automotive sector in analysed states the changes in the level of employment and share in the gross value added (GVA) were taken into account. The study led to the conclusion that with the change of international and domestic conditions of the development of the automotive industry, which led to changes in the spatial distribution, this industry has played a very important role in socio-economic development of these Mexican states which in the past two decades were places of new investments in this sector. At the same time automotive sector decreased its importance in the development of these states, where the plants were located in the initial phase of its development.
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