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EN
The study focuses on Katherine Manfield’s short story entitled Psychology. A detailed analysis and interpretation aim at clarification what is missing in the story, as while reading the story one may feel the lack of something. The main character (“she”) has two guests who are parallel to each other and thus the story can be divided into two parts. Thanks to the second visit (of her female friend) the main character regains the peace of mind, which was ruined by man’s (the first guest’s) deviating from the established code of conduct in their relationship. Definitely, in the text the dominating function is the phatic function of language. However, it does not work as an introduction to a conversation but it is the conversation itself. The story builds a world in which there is no real contact between the characters and it may be interpreted as a reflection of a superfluous reading of a literary work of art. Nonetheless, the story invites the reader to the more careful reception of the literary text, paradoxically, by means of, among others, such a simple plot, a visible discrepancy between the open dialogues and the utterances of “secret selves”, autothematic allusions and the lack of the diachronic dimension.
EN
This article is based on the diary of a Russian poet, Olga Bergholz. Records from the years 1939– –1942 are analyzed in detail. Records were developed in the period of Stalinist repression, and during the blockage of Leningrad. From a gender perspective, their reading allows situating the work of this poet in a new context. Soviet literary classic, Muse siege, eulogizing heroism of Leningrad residents, shows its second face – a face of a woman focused on everyday experience. The article analyzes notes on autothematism, love and categories of carnality.
EN
In some measure, in opposition to the contemporary studies on Chopin’s letters emphasising their non-literary character, the aim of this study is to point at the multifaceted literariness of the correspondence of the author of the Revolutionary Etude. One of its crucial aspects would be the intertextual one: Chopin’s letters constitute an intriguing community of style, including, above all, the schemes of Fredro-like comedy and Henryk Rzewuski’s gawęda szlachecka (nobility tale). The idea of writing in the spirit of disciplined lightness, rigour of formulating thoughts in a casual, colloquial and easy manner, as Wiktor Weintraub put it, affects Chopin’s planned skill of self-creation and autothematical procedures, always in similar styles that use humour for the purpose of making thing unusual, or even obscene. The arguments collected in the article force one to withdraw Ryszard Przybylski’s conviction about Chopin’s epistolography as representing the language “serving life” only outside of literature and literariness.
EN
The paper offers a reading of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Sylwia Chutnik’s collection of short stories W krainie czarów [In wonderland], addressing the protagonists’ journey into self. Chutnik’s stories are interpreted in terms of some key motifs drawn from a reading of Carroll’s novel, which constitute the touch points of the two authorial designs: dream, imagination, metamorphosis, change, language, auto-thematicity, the demiurgic role of the narrator, and an open ending. Juxtaposed, these concepts shed light on the problem of travelling in time and space understood as a return to the world of childhood imagination. The analysis of Chutnik’s eleven short stories reveals a literary creation of signifying space, in particular the images of Warsaw and Silesia as sites appropriated by history as well as by the protagonists. In every case (be it cities, people’s experiences or post-traumatic stories), an attempted interpretation of particular places and times is shown as a process of discovering the mythology of space – a return to a personal Wonderland. The reflections are brought together by referring to the problem of “bad memory”, a literary means of presenting the reader with alternative testimonies of postmemory.
EN
The aim of the article is to study the influence of the child characters in Guy Delisle’s graphic stories on the narrative itself. This influence varies from direct and explicit (comments, characters’ actions) to indirect and implicit, when the very form of the narrative is reshaped. Such changes occur when the child character influences the way his or her father, who is allegedly the main character of the story, functions in relation to time and space. The article also focuses on how the child characters in the stories catalyze play with conventions or reflection about the self and about the medium. Sometimes these characters become protagonists  whose perspectives dominate the narrative.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, w jaki sposób obecność dziecięcych bohaterów w twórczości Guy Delisle’a każdorazowo przesuwa wektor historii, decydując o jej kształcie. Wpływ ten może być bezpośredni – komentarze, działania dzieci, albo pośredni – ten wymiar ogarnia niejako cały kształt opowieści, ponieważ  dzieci decydują o kształcie gospodarowania zarówno czasem, jak i przestrzenią głównego bohatera opowieści – ojca. Zaprezentowane również zostaje, w jaki sposób dzieci w twórczości kanadyjskiego rysownika stają się pretekstem do autotematycznego spojrzenia, zabaw komiksową konwencją, czy też zostają pierwszoplanowymi bohaterami, z perspektywy których budowany jest świat przedstawiony.
PL
Artykuł jest obszernym omówieniem książki Arkadiusza Żychlińskiego pt. „Labo-ratorium antropofikcji. Dociekania filologiczne” (Warszawa 2014). Autorka podkreśla pionierski, zwłaszcza na gruncie polskiej humanistyki, charakter rozważań po-znańskiego germanisty, który odnosząc się do wybranych badań z zakresu zoologii, etologii, antropologii, rozważa możliwość uczynienia z filologii soczewki do namysłu nad antropogenezą. Wypracowywanej w ten sposób koncepcji przyświeca przede wszystkim myśl Martina Heideggera, przekonanego o nieredukowalnej różnicy między człowiekiem a zwierzęciem. Żychliński chce ową różnicę eksplorować za pośrednictwem fikcji; uczony przyjmuje, a poniekąd również wprowadza szerokie rozumienie tego pojęcia, którym obejmuje fabuły literackie, filmowe, serialowe oraz występujące w grach komputerowych. To one stają się owymi laboratoriami, w których eksperymentuje się z różnymi modelami życia, sposobami bycia człowiekiem (wyłącznie człowiekiem!). Autorka niniejszego omówienia dowartościowuje oryginalną koncepcję, wynikającą między innymi ze splotu studiów humanistycznych z naukami o życiu, jednocześnie wymienia szereg zastrzeżeń, jakie rodzą się, gdy czytać pracę Żychlińskiego z perspektywy krytycznych studiów nad zwierzętami.
EN
The article is a comprehensive overview of the book by Arkadiusz Żychliński, “Laboratorium antropofikcji. Dociekania filologiczne” (Warsaw 2014). Emphasised is the pioneering, especially in Polish humanities, character of reflections presented by the author, who, referring to selected research in zoology, ethology, and anthropology, considers the possibility of making philology the lens to reflect on anthropogenesis. The conceptis primarily inspired by Martin Heidegger, who was convinced of the irreducible difference between man and animal. Żychliński wants to explore this difference through fiction, introducing a broad understanding of the term, which includes narratives in literature, film, TV series and computer games. They become laboratories where experiments with different models of life, ways of being human (only human!) are carried out. The reviewer emphasises originality of the concept, resulting, inter alia, from combining humanistic studies with life sciences. She also lists a number of concerns that arise when if Żychliński’s work is read from the perspective of critical studies on animals.
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