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Beijing Convention and Beijing Protocol. Changes in the International and Legal Model for Combatting Aviation Terrorism

100%
Aleksandrowicz T.
Internal Security
|
2020
|
vol. 12(2)
177-190
EN
The article deals with the issue of the Beijing reform of international criminal aviation law. The author analyses the relevant applicable international law and confronts it with the new legal regulations adopted at the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) conference in Beijing in 2010. As a result, the author states that the basic change involves the expansion of the catalogue of acts subject to criminalisation as well as the expansion of the circle of persons participating in or supporting actions involving the commission of acts that pose a threat to the safety of civil aviation; the system also specifies the responsibility of collective entities (the so-called ‘Al Qaeda’ clause). The author is deeply convinced that the development of the Tokyo-Hague-Montreal-Beijing system, which is part of the whole international legal system of combatting terrorism, including its financing, is fully justified. The new regulations also make this system more coherent. It is also worth adding that the adoption of the Beijing Convention and the Beijing Protocol is part of the implementation of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted by the United Nations.
2
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Analysis of the Aviation Safety Management System by Fractal and Statistical Tools

100%
Bugayko D., Leshchynskyi O., Sokolova N., Isaienko V., Zamiar Z.
Logistics and Transport
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2019
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vol. 44
41-60
EN
World civil aviation is an open-source system that is affected by a large number of related and non-related factors. Aviation safety is one of the prioritized directions in the industry. Its managerial decision-making process is primarily based on a versatile analysis of security data in which the choice of the appropriate mathematical apparatus is fundamental. This article suggests applying fractal-statistical analysis to evaluate the aviation safety management system in terms of determining the random distribution of quantitative dynamics of aircraft crashes with lethal consequences in the period from 1946 to 2017. This allows us to verify the adequacy of probabilistic approaches appliance in analysing the dynamics of aviation disasters. The results of research carried out on the basis of the Hurst exponent have allowed us to conclude that the dynamics of aviation disasters is characterized by the effect of "spatial memory". In other words, these are "hidden laws", for which further investigation can become an effective tool for the development of proactive methods in managing aviation safety.
3
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Bezpieczeństwo lotnictwa cywilnego w świetle prawa międzynarodowego.

75%
Myszona-Kostrzewa K.
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
|
2014
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vol. 6
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issue 11
137-150
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu, z konieczności w ograniczonym zakresie, zostały wskazane najważniejsze regulacje międzynarodowego prawa lotniczego odnoszące się do bezpieczeństwa (aviation safety) lotnictwa cywilnego oraz problemy, z którymi borykają się podmioty odpowiedzialne za bezpieczeństwo żeglugi powietrznej. Są to zagadnienia złożone i skomplikowane, ściśle związane z zarządzaniem przestrzenią powietrzną oraz z ruchem w tej przestrzeni. Niezwykle ważne w tym kontekście wydaje się być stworzenie efektywnego systemu zarządzania ruchem lotniczym opierającego się na możliwości przekazywania sobie przez państwa funkcji związanych z kontrolą ruchu lotniczego oraz możliwość korzystania przez statki powietrzne z technik satelitarnych i informatycznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nawigacji satelitarnej, jako podstawowej metody ich naprowadzania.
EN
At present it is clear almost for everyone that the sky divided into many different pieces of airspace which remains under the control of national governments has negative repercussions in terms of the efficiency of air travel. It also causes safety concerns by creating additional traffic jams in the air. Air carriers have to fly across numerous air-traffic control systems in order to get to their destination. One may observe the trend of slowly diminishing national borders and the role of individual States in air traffic control. The application of new basis of air traffic management, air traffic control and air traffic flow management shall be without prejudice to the rights and duties of Member States under the Chicago Convention of 1944. The main challenge must also be the application of the satellite navigation in the civil aviation.
4
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A survey of spatial disorientation incidence in Polish military pilots

75%
Lewkowicz R., Biernacki M. P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 6
791-810
EN
ObjectivesThe study aimed to establish the current incidence and severity of spatial disorientation (SD) in Polish military pilots when flying different aircraft types over their entire careers, and to determine how SD training and pilots’ flight experience might benefit their recognition of situations that may cause SD.Material and MethodsOverall, 176 military Polish pilots (aged 33.8±7.72 years, the number of flying hours: 1194±941) flying different aircraft types, who attended the aviation medicine course, were surveyed and asked to report their episodes of SD. To collect anonymous data, a postal SD questionnaire (INFO PUB 61/117/5) was used.ResultsIn the overall incidence rate of SD (96%), the most commonly experienced SD illusion was “loss of horizon due to atmospheric conditions” (81%). More SD incidents were reported by pilots who had received SD training. Some differences in the categories of the most commonly experienced SD illusion episodes between aircraft types were found. A severe episode adversely affecting flight safety was categorized by 10% of the respondents.ConclusionsIn Polish military aviation, episodes of SD are a significant threat to aviation safety. There is evidence for the beneficial effects of SD training in the improvement of pilots’ ability to recognize those factors that lead to SD.
5
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Challenges of International Science and Education in the Field of Aviation Transport Safety

63%
Isaienko V., Pawęska M., Kharchenko V., Bugayko D.
Logistics and Transport
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2018
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vol. 38
23-32
EN
The aviation safety issue has been one of the most urgent challenges since the first day of flight operations. Aircrafts, avionics, engines, and navigation, communication and surveillance aids have changed and developed, but the problem has never lost its relevance. The main purpose of ICAO is to ensure the safe and orderly development of all aspects of international civil aviation. ICAO develops Standards and Recommended Practices. They are set out in 19 Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The new ICAO strategies are the basis for the further sustainable development of global civil aviation. The paper paid special attention to the civil aviation hazards monitoring and risks management in the context of global aviation development trends.The paper deals with challenges of international education and introduces practical experience of the National Aviation University according to the new technologies in transport and aviation education, and trends of international cooperation with the International University of Logistics and Transport in Wroclaw in this sphere.
6
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Methodology for the Performance Evaluation of Airspace Use by Military Aviation

63%
Markiewicz T. M.
Safety & Defense
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2022
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vol. 2
EN
This paper aims to present the evolution of methods for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of flexible use of airspace by military aviation in terms of the air navigation services performance scheme in European Union countries. Airspace management, which is a part of air traffic management, takes into account the operational needs of civil and military aviation without favouring either of them. However, some military aviation operations cannot be safely interconnected with civil aviation operations as they differ in nature and purpose. There is, therefore, a requirement to set aside airspace for exclusive military use to accommodate such operations. Military aviation must also use airspace in the most efficient and effective manner when conducting its operations. The existing situation provides a rationale for improving the methodology for assessing the efficiency of airspace use by military aviation, regardless of the requirements of the performance scheme for air navigation services intended for civil aviation. This article reviews the development of performance assessment methodologies in the field in question. The findings show considerable variation in the methods used, suggesting the need to establish standard procedures for collecting and processing performance data related to airspace used by military aviation.
7
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An Analysis of Rope Tension Forces While Towing a Sailplane

63%
Wojnar T., Stołtny B.
Safety & Defense
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2022
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vol. 2
EN
This article presents a model of a rope, which is an example of a rope used when a glider takes off by means of towing with the use of an aerial winch, winding the rope attached to the glider. The finite element method used in MESH software was used for the model. This method allows us to take into account not only bending flexibility but also longitudinal flexibility. Such an approach to the subject of simulation allows for obtaining results relatively quickly while maintaining an appropriate level of accuracy. This allows for further exploration of the phenomena occurring in the glider towing process. The construction of a fast algorithm enables its implementation in the glider towing process control systems. The aim of this article is to present numerical analyzes of commonly used tow ropes. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the synthetic rope commonly used in gliding, comparing the obtained results with the classic steel rope.
8
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Pekińska reforma lotniczego prawa karnego – geneza, istota, rekomendacje

54%
Walulik J.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2013
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vol. 75
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issue 3
35-47
EN
The paper deals with criminal air law and its current reform. First, the author summarises the present state of international criminal air law. This includes a review of its general characteristics and of the key provisions of relevant conventions, and their incorporation in national laws. Next, certain drawbacks of regulations regarded to be the prerequisites for the reform are presented. This is followed by a description of the innovative solutions of the acts adopted at the international conference in Beijing in 2010 (i.e. the Beijing Convention and the Beijing Protocol), currently awaiting their entry into force and ratification in Poland. In conclusion, the author makes his own recommendations and remarks regarding the implementation of these acts in Poland and indicates some optional solutions and possible amendments the national criminal law.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce lotniczego prawa karnego i aktualnym przemianom w tym zakresie. Autor podsumowuje bieżący kształt systemu międzynarodowego karnego prawa lotniczego i omawia jego ogólną charakterystykę, najważniejsze postanowienia obowiązujących konwencji oraz wdrażające je przepisy krajowe. Ponadto wskazuje wady obowiązujących regulacji, które wymienia się jako przesłanki reformy. W drugiej części opracowania autor opisuje nowatorskie rozwiązania aktów przyjętych podczas międzynarodowej konferencji w Pekinie w 2010 r., tj. konwencji pekińskiej oraz protokołu pekińskiego, obecnie oczekujących na wejście w życie oraz ratyfikację w kraju. Podsumowanie artykułu stanowią rekomendacje i uwagi dotyczące implementacji tych aktów w Polsce. Obejmują one wskazania co do przyjęcia pewnych rozwiązań fakultatywnych oraz ewentualnych zmian w prawie karnym.
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Instytucjonalne i organizacyjne aspekty bezpieczeństwa w portach lotniczych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

51%
Zając G.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2022
|
issue 2(64)
79-94
PL
Głównym celem badawczym niniejszego artykułu jest analiza współczesnego systemu organizacji bezpieczeństwa i ochrony w portach lotniczych w Polsce. Celem tekstu jest również przybliżenie czytelnikowi instytucji działających w portach lotniczych, które odpowiedzialne są za zapewnienie i utrzymanie wysokich standardów bezpieczeństwa. Analiza poparta jest przedstawieniem aktualnych przepisów międzynarodowych, europejskich oraz krajowych w tym zakresie. Autor wnioskuje, że poziom bezpieczeństwa w polskich portach lotniczych jest wysoki, a wpływ na ten stan ma efektywne zarządzanie systemem bezpieczeństwa i ochrony oraz wdrażanie i utrzymanie najwyższych standardów bezpieczeństwa ustalanych i rekomendowanych przez międzynarodowe organizacje lotnicze i instytucje działające w tym obszarze.
EN
The main research purpose of this article is to analyse the contemporary system of safety and security organisation at airports in Poland. The aim of the text is also to familiarise the reader with institutions operating at airports, which are responsible for ensuring and maintaining high safety standards. This analysis is supported by the presentation of current international, European and national regulations in this area. The author concludes that the level of safety at Polish airports is high, and this condition is influenced by the effective management of the safety and security system, as well as the implementation and maintenance of the highest safety standards established and recommended by international aviation organisations and institutions operating in this area.
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