Search results - CEJSH

1

Malé zamyšlení nad velkým tématem

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Beneš Z.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 2

9-14

EN

The text is an initial reflection on a question addressed in this issue of the magazine History — Questions — Problems (Historie — Otázky — Problémy). In our country, the topic of historical, and therefore historian’s judgement, especially on the ethical plane, is not often frequented on the reflected, theoretical or methodological level. But it is, and necessarily so, permanently present implicitly, that is, in one way or another, a judgement passed about a historical event or another historical judgement. This paper is but a reflection and does not pass categorical judgements. It only attempts to characterise selected aspects of the problem that are related to the other texts published in this issue of HOP, which in themselves are of similar nature.

2

Aksojologiczne podstawy ustawy o rodzinnych ogrodach działkowych

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Rakoczy B.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2011

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vol. 9

282-293

EN

The family allotment issue is not often taken into account in literature and that is why it is justified to discuss it. The axiology of the family allotment act seems to be a very interesting issue. This act has no formal preamble but it has got a material one. Articles 1–8 of the family allotment act serve as a preamble. This act clearly shows an appeal to the protection of planning and developing land as well as to the environment protection. The social usefulness of family allotments and meeting holiday–recreation needs are also protected values.

3

Языковая картина воды вo фразеологии и паремиологии русского и польского языков

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Adamiczka M.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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vol. 156

65 - 76

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of the analysis of linguistic image of water in Russian and Polish idioms and proverbs. The study shows the differences and similarities of the images of water recorded in both languages. The theoretical basis of the research is the notion of the linguistic image of the world defined as the set of beliefs and convictions recorded in the language of a certain language community. The object of the study are Russian and Polish proverbs and idioms, containing the lexeme “water,” excerpted from the dictionaries of idioms and proverbs. The comparative analysis of the two images of water has shown two basic tendencies. On the one hand, they share common, universal traits, which are the consequence of objective characteristics of the described object, as well as the universal cognitive processes and intercultural contacts. On the other hand, they differ in many aspects, having specific traits, which may result from different climatic or cultural conditions. In the Russian language the following traits are more distinctly expressed: the destructive influence of water, its power over the world. In the Polish language the characteristics appearing more frequently are: value of water, its indispensability and positive influence on man’s health and beauty. One of the most important elements of the linguistic image of water is the axiological aspect — the detailed analysis has shown that in both cases negative convictions are prevalent.

4

Eurosceptyzym polskich partii politycznych – ile w tym przekonania, a ile pragmatyzmu?

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Pacześniak A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 2(33)

177-200

EN

The aim of the article is to consider the Euroscepticism of Polish political parties in the period before the accession to the EU and after 2004. Empirical material for this article is contained in electoral manifestoes of four Polish political parties defined by author as Eurosceptic (League of Polish Families, Self‑Defence, Law and Justice, Congress of New Right), published between 2001 and 2014. The author is looking for answer to the question, as far the Eurosceptic position of political party is the result of the party’s relationship to the EU and the axiology, expressed in their political manifestoes, and as far there is the tactical response to the expectations of their electorates.

5

Autorytarne prawa naturalne? Kilka uwag o negatywnym potencjale pozytywnych idei

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Łuszczyńska M., Łuczyński A.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2017

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vol. 39

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issue 2

9-23

EN

The article presents authors’ reflection upon the problem of the law of nature. In the literature on the subject, there is adominant opinion that the natural law is atype of amatrix, which should be duplicated by the legislator in order to prevent unfair laws. Following the Latin maxim: “Lex iniusta non est lex” (“Unfair law is not alaw”), legislator must take into account all non-specified norms of the higher order. According to the authors of this article, in the modern times the natural law rationalism is rather apparent, and its religious foundations will not necessarily be accepted in the culturally plural [multicultural?] society.

6

LO SPAZIO DELL'ARTE DELLA PAROLA NELLA RIFLESSIONE ESTETICA DI WŁADYSŁAW STRÓŻEWSKI

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cl r.

Colloquia Litteraria

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2018

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vol. 24

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issue 1

79-88

EN

The Role of the Art of the Word in Władysław Stróżewski's Aesthetic Reflection The article explains how the philosophical analyses of Cyprian Norwid's, Bolesław Leśmian's, and other poets' writing play a critical role in Władysław Stróżewski's aesthetics. His decision to look at the basic themes in aesthetic (and anthropology) from the perspective of the art of the word let to a novel elaboration of the knowledge of beauty and in an original manner directed it towards further axiological reflection.

7

Etyczny wymiar współczesnej pracy człowieka

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Furmanek W.

Labor et Educatio

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2013

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issue 1

45-59

EN

The article discusses issues related to the value of human work. Work is considered as something more than just gaining revenues. Most of all, it carries multiple values which allows individuals to strive for self-development and improvement of his or her personality. Through work individual not only produces material goods, but also introduces intended and valuable changes in his or her environment. Working people should have a sense of dignity and freedom, be aware of their freedom, responsibility and sensitivity to their humanity subjected to the test of time in the phenomena of work. The article is an overview of the concept of work in terms of ethics.

8

Democracy Without Demos?

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Pałecki K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2015

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vol. 44

171-192

EN

The article presents an analysis of the role of demos in power relations in democratic states. The author of the text postulates the need for contemporary political science research to expand its analyses beyond formal structures of political institutions and include in its scope also features of demos – the “cultural factor” to better understand the functioning and chances for success of democracy in different states.

9

Negatywistyczna osobowość kobieca w Chamie Elizy Orzeszkowej

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Dziugieł-Łaguna M.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2018

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issue 6

99-114

EN

Eliza Orzeszkowa created a religious protagonist and a portrait of the negativistic female personalityin the novel Cham [ The Boor], which tells the story of a fisherman. The two-way antievaluationreveals itself in Franka’s character. On the one hand, it concerns pathological behaviourswhich are referred to as passive aggressive personality disorder in psychology, and are characterizedby sullenness, fast transition from unjustified rebellion to remorse, high assertiveness, and resentment.On the other hand, it points to the rejection of the higher class connected with the axiologicalbasis aiming at the degeneration of humanity. Franka Chomcówna is a socio-cultural product– an effect of the premature sexualization of a child who, in her adult life, aims at destruction.Thereby, the objectification of the protagonist ends with a suicidal act.

10

FILOZOFIA FENOMENOLOGICZNA MAXA SCHELERA I ROMANA INGARDENA W „ANTROPOLOGII ADEKWATNEJ” KAROLA WOJTYŁY

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Podgórski R.

Studia Ełckie

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2017

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vol. 19

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issue 3

267 - 281

EN

Reflecting on the place, rank and interpretation of the philosophical thought of Karol Wojtyła, the fact that the author, philosopher, educationist and dramatist was first a priest and later, for a quarter century, was the head of the Catholic Church cannot be dismissed. The choice of service to God as the life path defined and determined the directions of intellectual quests. The human person was in the centre of philosophical considerations by Karol Wojtyła. He sees the human being as immersed in God and simultaneously as the integral, spiritual and bodily being. The thesis that the man in this structure composes himself through the axiological and moral dimension was an important statement in his views. The moral perspective represented the attempt by Wojtyła at defining man through discovering his structures and experiencing his morality. The philosopher ex-presses this in his dissertation “The Acting Person” (“Osoba i czyn”) published first in 1969 and reprinted under the symptomatic title “The Acting Person and other anthropological studies” (“Osoba i czyn oraz inne studia antropologic-zne”).

11

Aksjologiczny rozwój etyczny i jego implikacje duchowe w filozofii Karola Wojtyły

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Podgórski R. A.

Studia Ełckie

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2018

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vol. 20

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issue 1

21-40

EN

The turn of the 20th century saw the origination of a tradition of analysing the nature of values (what is precious and good), i.e. what is value, what is its character? A postulate that explained the ontic status of values, the sources and mechanisms of origination of value, criteria of valuation, classification of values and – in a sociological meaning – the social functioning in culture and individual and social preferences of their accomplishment – all of this was an important issue. Wilhelm Windelband and Heinrich Rickert propagated the concept of axiology. Axiology won its renown thanks to the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl which – through the axiology of Max Scheler and Nicolai Hartmann, Dietrich von Hildebrand – breaks with the scientific anthropological vision of Auguste Comte. Therefore, when referring to phenomenology, Karol Wojtyła creates “adequate anthropology”. This multi-aspect Thomistic-phenomenological presentation of the human being by Karol Wojtyła has a significant axiological dimension for the development of spiritual life in the ethical personalism of Karol Wojtyła. This is the basis which we will use to ask the following question in this study: how does axiology influence the ethical and moral behaviour of a human being?

12

W KIERUNKU REALISTYCZNEJ METAFIZYKI WARTOŚCI – PRZYCZYNEK DO DYSKUSJI

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MRZYGŁÓD P.

Studia Ełckie

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2015

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vol. 17

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issue 4

337-358

EN

Even though axiology as a separate philosophical discipline is relatively young, with estimated time of its birth in the midnineteenth century, the reflec-tion on the values, which is the subject of the axiological inquiries, has been around for centuries. It reaches the ancient beginnings of the philosophy itself. The matter of the way the values exist, their quantity and nature is being very actively discussed nowadays and creates multiple strategies, mostly connected with the realistic or idealistic starting point of philosophy itself. That is the reason why we are dealing with many definitions and classifications of axiological values. It turns out that today, the category of the values has not only inter- but multidisciplinary character. That is why we are talking about values virtually everywhere. Not only in philosophy, but we can find them in everyday life, social sciences, art, music, mathematics or economy. Unfortunately understanding of values in the latter – seems to be specifically close for many of us. This article belongs to the dynamic philosophical discussion about the metaphysics of values, from the point of view of metaphysics’ realism and objectivism. Within this strategy the author of this article tries to answer the few questions: firstly- what the values are, further on – what is their nature and the ontological status, to finish with selected examples of typology and classifi-cation of values and the possibility of sorting them out hierarchically. Accepting existential pluralism of the surrounding reality as an axiom – the author accepts axiological pluralism as well, in relation to the goodness as the condition of the hierarchization of the “world of values”.

13

Źródła nierówności społecznych

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Czerny J.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2014

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issue 39

19-25

PL

Autor podejmuje w artykule dyskusję wokół źródeł – praprzyczyn – nierówności społecz-nych. Znajomość takiego źródła jest o tyle ważna, że może zaistniałaby szansa jego minimalizacji, a jeszcze lepiej eliminacji z życia społecznego. Bo przecież nie chodzi jedynie o sam opis zjawi-ska, co o zapobieżenie jego ekspansji we współczesnym świecie. W artykule tym głosi się tezę, wedle której nierówności społeczne istniały zawsze odkąd ist-niał człowiek. To nie nierówności stanowią problem sam w sobie, ale „kontrasty aksjologiczne”. Zjawiska kontrastu aksjologicznego występują tylko w ludzkim gatunku i nigdzie więcej, nasilają się we współczesnym świecie. Zdaniem autora są dwa źródła wywołujące zjawisko nierówności społecznych, a miano-wicie: biologiczny egoizm oraz posiadanie świadomości. Egoizm ma podłoże instynktu i w tym zakresie nie różnimy się od świata zwierząt. Różnice wywołuje fakt posiadania świado-mości. Świadomość, czyli kontrolowany proces myślowy wytycza nam „dyrektywy” postępo-wania. Psychika człowieka dzięki świadomości (sferze fronesis) skłania człowieka do maksymalizacji bogactwa, gdyż wówczas minimalizuje on w ten sposób trudy życia (przynajmniej w sferze materialnej). Dlatego bardzo słusznie zauważa Józef Bańka, że człowiek w przeci-wieństwie do zwierząt nie ma granic nasycenia wartościami. Zatem głównym źródłem chęci bogacenia się jest ludzka psychika.

EN

The author in the paper undertakes a discussion about sources – great-causes of social ine-qualities. Knowledge about such a source is important as there could exist a chance for its mini-mizing and even better for its eliminating from social life. The issue is not simply to describe a phenomenon but to prevent its expansion in a modern world. The paper professes a thesis that social inequalities have always been present since a man ex-isted. That are not the inequalities what constitute a problem but “axiological contrasts”. Phenom-ena of axiological contrast exist only within human species and nowhere else, they strengthen in a modern world. According to the author two sources inducing phenomenon of social inequalities exist, that are: biological egotism and possessing consciousness. Egotism has its instinct basis and in this dimension we are not different from animal world. Differences are caused by a fact of possessing consciousness. Consciousness, that is a controlled process of thinking marks “directives” of behav-ior out. Human psychics because of consciousness (a fronesis sphere) induces humans to maxim-ize welfare, as then they minimize difficulties of life (at least in a material sphere). Therefore Józef Bańka correctly writes that a man, contrary to animals, does not have limits of values saturation. Thus, a main source of willingness to getting rich is a human psyche.

14

A few remarks on the axiology of university work

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Zieliński W. E.

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 6

49-57

EN

This article is a reflection on selected aspects of the axiology of work at a university. It consists of three parts. In the first one, the author considers the problem of uncertainty of knowledge, a typical state in science at the turn of the 20th into the 21st century. This is followed by an attempt at analysing its influence upon the quality of university activities. The second part concentrates on a special form of education-distance learning, which seems to result in increasing discrepancy between the content of the transmitted message and the moral situation of its recipient, especially in the field of humanities. In the third and last part, the author discusses the need for axiological transmission of ideas and the moral responsibility of an academic teacher. In these deliberations, the author refers to the works of the historian of science, e.g. Dolby, the philosophers and historians of the society such as Habermas, Popper, Znaniecki and Ossowski, and the theologian, Newman.

15

Perspektywa aksjologiczna w socjologii gospodarczej i ekonomicznej

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Zdun M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 1

7-27

EN

Axiological studies have been part of sociological research into business activity since the beginnings of the field. But there is still no agreement among scholars as two major concepts that are competing for dominance. One, building on the ideas proposed by Max Weber, advocates the priority of value over instrumental rationality, and it follows the path typical of ideological determinism. The other, with its roots in Karl Marx’s historical materialism, argues for the primacy of matter over mind. What these two have in common is the presence of two aspects, axiological and existential. The difference lies in their position of importance. Each approach makes different kinds of reductions, which are challenged by contemporary socio-economic systems that operate according to post-industrial logic. The goal of this article is to arrive at a new understanding of economic axiology. This understanding must be free from any reductionism that would assign the axiology radically different roles – either as a dependent or independent variable in growth. Economic axiology will be presented as a central category, a product of human interaction, and both a contributor to and an outcome of growth. Last but not least, based on the principle of double morphogenesis, specific economic axiologies will be identified.

16

Axiology and Moral Education for Sustainable Development in the Context of Surveys and Workshops Conducted in a Group of Students of Early and Pre-School Pedagogy in the State Higher Vocational School (PWSZ) in Chelm

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Karbowniczek J., Kucharska B., Okoński A.

Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education

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2016

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issue 9

31-50

EN

This article aims at examining to what extent Macer’s theory “sustainable development chair” (where cultural education, and the axiology and moral education within it comprises one of four fundamentals of education for sustainable development) is reflected in the capacity of knowledge and skills obtained by pedagogy students PWSZ in Chelm. The starting point for consideration is to present and analyse the questionnaire results carried out by students of the 1st and 3rd year of pedagogy PWSZ in Chelm. These results became the basis for the following workshop activities performed with the drama method application (covering those such as improvisation with the literary text, body movement and voice performance, role play). The authors intended, first of all, to assess students’ integrated order concept understanding (and within this concept: axiology and moral education) implemented with traditional instructional methods, and then innovative (drama and staging ones); secondly, to obtain materials enabling the most effective methods of education for balanced development implementation to be defined. An additive element of conducted activities was the analysis of potential students’ engagement into a new idea implementation.

17

Funkcje środków wartościujących w polskim dyskursie naukowym XVI wieku

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Rejter A.

Stylistyka

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2018

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vol. 27

33-46

EN

The paper concerns the problem of axiology exponents in the Polish academic discourse of the 16th century. The research proved that this kind of exponents refer to different discourse levels, from the topic of the discourse, through the field of science, to metatext. As for language determinants one can distinguish evaluating lexis, modal verbs and style exponents (e.g. comparisons, phraseological constructions, enumera- tions). The analysis shows that the subjective aspect of the texts confirms the initial stage of the Polish academic discourse forming process. Furthermore, the style diversity reflects the discourse state which was then rather practical than theoretical.

18

Zmącone nadzieje, czyli literatura „czwarta” na najwyższym biegu

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Wróblewski M.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2018

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issue 7

29-40

EN

The author analyzes the essential relationship between contemporary literature for children and youth and axiology in the context of Walter Benjamin’s koncept of aura. Dimension of the children’s literature includes a numerous works which prezent a different system of values, e.g. from conservative to the liberal. However, a huge part of such works have a feature of a typical popular text but still a reader can find an artistic, valuable works for children on the Polish book market. Therefore a suitable support for the process of management between children’s literature and the system of value is the most important issue. Thus, a traditional work of reviewers and researchers is not enough today to find a suitable path to exam a numerous work of the children’s literature in axiological context. Therefore the author argues that we should describe the connection between the contemporary children’s literature and axiology by the three phenomena: blog-critique, dominance of a public discourse and a children’s writer.

PL

Autor w artykule analizuje istotną relację między współczesną literaturą dla dzieci i młodzieży a aksjologią w kontekście koncepcji aury Waltera Benjamina. Rozległy obszar literatury „czwartej” obejmuje wiele różnorodnych pod względem artystycznym i prezentowanego w niej systemu wartości tekstów. Mimo że wiele z nich ma formę utworu popularnego, służącego rozrywce, to jednak na polskim rynku książki dziecięcej znaleźć można wiele wartościowych, artystycznie dopracowanych tekstów. Tradycyjne działania krytyka literackiego i badacza literatury nie są dziś wystarczające, aby właściwie opisać rozległy obszar związków między tekstem a aksjologią. Autor artykułu proponuje, by uwzględnić trzy elementy, które współtworzą aurę (wartości) utworu adresowanego do młodego czytelnika: blogokrytykę, dominantę dyskursu publicznego oraz protoautora (dziecięcego pisarza).

19

Nauka i wartościowania – uwagi o kondycji filozoficznej refleksji nad nauką

88%

Trela G.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2014

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vol. 4

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issue 2

277-298

EN

This text is an attempt at a more general look at twentieth‑century philosophical reflection on science conceived as persistent trials to eliminate the non‑eliminateable, i.e. valuations. In this article, I recall the most important concepts of knowledge developed in the twentieth‑century philosophy of science by exposing assumed axiology in, among other things: the Vienna Circle, Karl Raimund Popper’s falsificationism, the historical and social approach of Thomas S. Kuhn’s paradigm, and the concept of the ideals of knowledge by Stefan Amsterdamski. I argue that the axiology, and more broadly philosophy is an indelible component of each accepted concept of scientific knowledge. Each concept of knowledge assumes a form of its valuation

20

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego PK II 290/11 z dnia 28 czerwca 2012 r.

88%

Jankowski K. J.

Prawo

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2015

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issue 317

195 - 208

EN

Ruling of the Supreme Court from 28 June 2012 (case PK II 290/11) could be perceived as stating a primacy of the principle of protection of employees over the rules of representation of legal entity which are ius cogens of commercial law. It was ruled that an employment relationship of an employee who was the Management Board member was changed by the mere behavior of the bodies of company. On a basis of Art. 210 of Commercial Companies Code a Management Board or its member cannot represent the company in relations with members of the Board. This paper presents a critical view on the indicated ruling, which appears to be based on values (protection of employee) rather than on the valid provisions of law, what is hardly acceptable from the legal system’s perspective.

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