Search results - CEJSH

1

Bancassurance - alternatywny kanał dystrybucji usług ubezpieczeniowych

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Nowacka A.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(21)

129-142

EN

In the recent years one can observe the increasing cooperation with banks and insurance companies in terms of sales of insurance services. This applies to life insurance and civil insurance. Especially strong banking and insurance linkages are evident in the case of life insurance because of gradually growing sales of these services in the bancassurance channel. Banking practice shows the most common insurance services are offered to customers in combination with banking products, loans, credit cards, bank accounts. Recent changes in the legal regulations are about good practices in the bancassurance forcing financial institutions change insurance services offer.

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Kontrowersje w postrzeganiu kredytów w walutach obcych w Polsce i ich weryfikacja w ujęciu ekonomiczno-finansowym

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Radzikowski M.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2018

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vol. 24

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issue 1

101 - 115

EN

This article is devoted to the verification of the following seven popular opinions on the foreign currency loans in Poland: (I) banks create money out of nothing; (II) the banks that were granting foreign currency loans did not actually possess the foreign currencies; (III) the banks possessed foreign currencies, but only for the loans denominated in foreign currencies, and not for the ones indexed in them; (IV) the banks that were granting foreign currency loans made a profit on the appreciation of these currencies; (V) a conversion of foreign currency loans at the exchange rate from the day of granting the loan would not entail high costs for the banking sector; (VI) it was unjustified to use the foreign exchange spreads by the banks that were granting the foreign currency loans; (VII) the foreign exchange spreads used by the banks were excessive, which means that the banks obtained an undue profit on them. The author critically evaluates these opinions and on the basis of current economic and financial knowledge, concludes that they are wrong.

3

Kredyty hipoteczne w Polsce w kontekście stabilności finansowej i makroekonomicznej

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Kata R.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 2(22)

183-196

EN

The dynamic development of the housing loans market in Poland in years 2001-2014 is important for the financial stability of the banking sector and macroeconomic stability. In this context, are important such characteristics of the mortgage portfolio as: monetary and temporal structure of loans, the conditions on which loans, the security level value of residental real estate loans, the criteria for verifying the creditworthiness of customers. Important is also fact that long-term mortgages were financed using short-term deposits. These features of the housing loan portfolio in Poland create many threats to financial and macroeconomic stability.

4

DISCLOSURES ON CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING: THE REPORTING PRACTICE OF BANKS LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE

100%

Gad J.

Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 1

1-10

EN

The purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of the implementation of selected regulations on corporate governance in the reporting practice of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The survey examined the disclosures concerning the main features of the internal control and risk management systems in relation to financial reporting in banks. Research studies on disclosures related to control over financial reporting have not yet been conducted. The paper uses a research method involving the analysis of annual reports disclosed by banks. The method of induction was used in the process of inference. The results of the study indicate that in the practice of reporting of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2011, there was no uniform reporting form in terms of the presentation of information on internal control or risk management systems in relation to financial reporting. The disclosures were different both in terms of level of detail and content. In some banks disclosures were drawn at a high level of generality.

5

Concentration of credit exposure as a significant source of risk in banking activities: the idea and methods of estimation

100%

Kozak S.

Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 3

103-115

EN

The simultaneous activation of many sources of risk can slow bank operations and even lead to bankruptcy. Credit risk is the greatest threat to the orderly functioning of a bank. To protect against its materialization banks spend nearly 90% of their total capital requirement. Concentration of credit exposure to single entities, as well as to single economic sectors, can be a source of additional risks. Estimation of the additional portion of the capital requirement in selected banks in Poland in 2008-2013 indicates that banks should assign additional 4% and 2% of the capital requirement to cover the risk of exposure concentrations in: respectively, individual entities and individual economic sectors. For banks with a retail profile more important was the risk of large exposures in individual economic sectors, and for banks with a corporate profile in individual entities. Estimates were carried out according to the procedure used by the Bank of Spain and the Bank of Slovenia, and the data derived from the annual financial reports of selected banks listed on the WSE.

6

DETERMINANTS OF BANKS’ COMPETITIVENESS IN LOCAL FINANCIAL MARKETS

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Kata R.

Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 1

1-13

EN

he article presents the analysis of determinants of banks’ competitiveness in local financial markets, with respect to local (cooperative) banks and branches of large commercial banks. The paper also evaluates the competitive position of the banks using the synthetic measure of competitive advantage MPK. The article proves that tere are considerable differences between the analyzed groups of banks, in terms of their competitiveness and its determining factors (which are banks’ assets). The paper also indicates the areas in which particular banks should make changes in their resources and operational strategies in order to improve their competitiveness in local financial markets.

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Legal Effects of Unenforceability or Invalidity of an Agreement for a Denominated in or Indexed to a Foreign Currency Mortgage Loan in The Light of Judicial Decisions

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Mroczkowski R.

Financial Law Review

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2021

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vol. 24

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issue 4

1-23

EN

An introduction of mortgage currency loans to the banks offers, particularly the indexed to a foreign currency and denominated in a foreign currency loans, based on agreements containing abusive clauses which lead, in the consumer/borrower's individual relations, to the violation of his legal and economic interest and on the financial system level to the creation the risk of its instability (systemic risk). In many European countries, in Hungary for instance, the problem was solved ex post on the statutory level by the legislator’s interference. In others, for example in Romania, such statutory solutions were contested by the constitutional courts. In the remaining ones, such as Poland, Spain or Austria, the problem was left to be solved within the individual cases by the civil or arbitration courts. The latter solution requires however the development of lines of jurisprudence solving the contentious legal issues resulting from the complicated legal relations that occurred between the banks and the consumers/borrowers. Given the above, the author undertook to analyse the judicial decisions of the European Court of Justice, Polish common courts and the Supreme Court in order to indicate these nodal issues which often evoke the discrepancies in jurisprudence, as well as to present the possible solutions. The importance of the issue is crucial not only to the economic condition of the households and financial results of particular banks, but also to the stability of the whole financial sector. The implementation of the research goal adopted in this article requires the application of legal research methods, such as in particular the general theoretical method and the formal-dogmatic method.

8

Fuzje i przejęcia w sektorze bankowym a finansowanie rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw

100%

Kościukiewicz P.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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vol. 209

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issue 7-8

47-58

EN

The paper presents the influence of mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The author discusses existing studies of banking sector consolidation and its influence on the development of SMEs. The article considers the influence of the relocation of bank headquarters after a merger or acquisition on lending to SMEs. It also examines the effects of consolidation on the bank’s credit portfolio and the cost of credit for SMEs. The work sums up analyses of how changes in banks’ organizational structures affect lending to SMEs. In his research, the author uses studies of consolidation processes in the American banking sector. Various American economists have reached conflicting conclusions with regard to the relationship between banking sector consolidation and lending to SMEs. These contradictions result from different research methods adopted by individual economists.

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Struktura konkurencji technologicznej w największych bankach Polski

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Guzik B.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2008

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vol. 227

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issue 10

69-96

EN

The author proposes a method for measuring technological competition among businesses and a method to determine the structure of technological competitiveness. To this end the author uses the CCR super-efficiency model applied in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The proposed procedure is used in the study of technological competition among Poland’s 25 largest banks. Guzik uses a set of 2006 data published by Polish banking trade magazine Miesięcznik Finansowy Bank in June 2007. The results obtained by the author show that foreign and private banks generally display the greatest potential for technological competition, Guzik says, while some of the banks that were spun off from the National Bank of Poland (NBP) at the start of the country’s transition to a market economy are the least capable of being competitive technologically. The same is true of banks controlled by state-owned enterprises and organizations, Guzik concludes.

10

Internal factors of bank profitability in the Republic of Serbia

100%

Domanović V., Todorović V., Savović S.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2018

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vol. Volume 14

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issue Issue 3

659-673

EN

For adequate profitability management, it is important to identify all the factors that lead to its rise or fall, as well as to determine the intensity of correlation between relevant factors and profitability. This is to take timely and adequate measures to eliminate deviations arising from the expected profitability and improve it in the future period. The research subject is bank profitability in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2012-2015. The research objective is to outline the possible factors of bank profitability, with particular reference to internal factors of banking sector profitability in the Republic of Serbia. Research results show a high degree of correlation between the ROA and ROE profitability ratios, both statically and dynamically; dynamics of profitability ratios is in inverse correlation with capital adequacy ratio; there is a link between bank size and profitability and a link between the change of bank ownership and profitability, but it does not necessarily mean that foreign banks are more profitable than domestic banks.

11

Reputation determinants of the banking sector in Poland

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Idzik M., Gieorgica J.

Bezpieczny Bank

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2019

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vol. 77

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issue 4

81-109

EN

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of reputation of the banking sector in Poland and to segment the society according to the factors that shape the reputation. Banks in Poland have a good reputation. The factors of a good reputation are in clear advantage over the factors of a bad reputation. The most important things in shaping the banks’ reputation are the axiological determinants. Their significance is three times as high as the effectiveness determinants linked to the satisfaction with the banking services, and it is much higher than the impact of the normative determinants connected with the institutional aspects of the banking sector. The three selected homogeneous typological groups of consumers differ from each other in terms of normative, axiological and altruistic determinants that shape the reputation. The effectiveness determinants do not diversify the consumers in terms of their impact on the the banks’ reputation assessment. The most important touch points that shape the banks’ reputation are: consumers’ personal experience, customer service attendants in the banks, friends’ opinions as well as the opinions of the people who are regarded by the consumers as experts. When modelling the reputation determinants, a structural equation modelling method (SEM) was used. Studies were carried out on a nationwide representative sample of N=1000 residents of Poland using the CAPI method in March 2019.

12

Did the COVID-19 pandemic amplify the positive impact of income diversification on the profitability of European banks?

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Kozak S., Wierzbowska A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2022

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vol. 17

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issue 1

11-29

EN

Research background: The contribution of banks? non-interest income to the total income becomes particularly important in the face of a severe financial crisis, usually accompanied by burdensome restrictions in economic activity, insolvencies of enterprises and households and low interest rates of central banks. Purpose of the article: This study investigates banks in 40 European countries to determine whether non-interest income had a significant impact on the bank?s profitability and whether the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic influences the form of this relationship. Methods: This study used a linear cross-section model using bank-level data. In the model, the bank?s profitability was regressed with the measure of income diversification, controlling for the pandemic?s intensity and the state of the country?s economy and bank characteristics. Banking data were obtained from the S&P Global MI. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (Hale et al., 2021, pp. 529?538) was the source of pandemic-related variables. Findings & value added: The obtained results indicate that the increases in non-interest income share in the bank?s total income have a statistically significant positive impact on profitability for the European banking sector. The dependence of profitability on diversification was stronger with the growing adverse effects of the pandemic. Our results are in line with those for the US banks (Li et al., 2021) and the European Central Bank Banking Supervision?s assessment that higher non-interest income has allowed banks? profitability in the euro area to be maintained at a pre-pandemic level (ECB, 2021). In addition, the study contributes to previous literature by testing the impact of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between income diversification and bank profitability in 40 European countries.

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THE PLACE OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF BANKS AND THEIR EVALUATION

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Šipilova V., Menshikov V., Baltgailis J.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2020

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issue 2

114-126

EN

The article aims to clarify the place of financial technologies within institutional environment of banks and to consider approaches for their evaluation. For the purpose of the article, the authors use the experience presented in scientific literature. Financial technologies (widely called as Fintech) have great role for bank successful functioning and competing and can be considered as meaningful element of versatile nature of institutional environment of banks. In its sense, Fintech has not univocal definition. The main distinguishing feature between varied meanings for Fintech relates to understanding whether Fintech is innovative process or participant of financial market. However, all possible meanings devoted to the sense of Fintech relate to the core term - technologies. Thus, the place of Fintech within institutional environment of banks has to be clarified according to varied definitions, but related to technologies. As a result, according to the authors’ supposition Fintech place within institutional environment of banks could be included in the technological conjuncture and considered in context of impact (from Fintech), interaction (with Fintech) and integration (of Fintech). Similarly, the question on evaluation of Fintech is analysed according to their impact, interaction and integration. It is noteworthy that indicators used for evaluation of Fintech relate not only particularly to financial market and financial institutions but also to general characteristics when most of them represent also other scientific disciplines than economics. Mix of indicators used for Fintech evaluation demonstrates transdisciplinary approach for solving the questions of financial nature. The results of the study offer a structured approach to understanding the place of financial technologies within institutional environment of banks and a classified set of thematic indicators for evaluation of financial technologies.

14

CSR disclosures in listed banks – current state and future perspective

100%

Matuszak Ł., Różańska E.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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issue 478

311-324

EN

The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, this study briefly analyzes the new non- -financial reporting requirements implemented in Polish Accounting Act. Second, it investigates the current state of CSR reporting in commercial banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and its connection with the new requirements. The sample consists of 12 banks. The data were collected in December 2016 covering three communication channels: annual reports (including management commentary), separate CSR reports in PDF files and information from the companies’ web sites. A content analysis and Likert scale were used to measure the level of CSR disclosures in five categories namely: environment, labor practices, human rights, community involvement and anti-corruption. Disclosures on business model was also examined. The results of the study show that banks prefer annuals reports rather than CSR reports or websites to communicate voluntary CSR disclosures. In most cases the disclosures in the areas: community involvement, environment and labor practices have already met the requirements of the amended Polish Accounting Act. The level of reporting in the areas: human rights and the fight against corruption is insufficient under the new regulations.

15

The effect of structural liquidity on performance in Polish commercial banks (measured with margin level) in 2009-2016

100%

Wójcik-Mazur A.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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issue 482

295-308

EN

The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of liquidity policy, which reflected mainly in the asset structure of Polish banks on the level of margin. The paper diagnoses the relationships between the levels of profitability (margin) generated by 4 biggest Polish commercial banks and their structural liquidity level. As an independent variable, the model design implied the level of margin, whereas liquidity risk predictors represented balance measures that identified the level of liquid assets, funding liquidity risk, share of loans in total assets and degree of involvement in the interbank market. The studies demonstrated that both the increase in liquid assets and the level of loans in total assets has a positive effect on the margin level. It means the rate of return of assets (include liquid assets) is still higher than cost of debt in Polish banks. However, it should be emphasized that the increasing contribution of the funding liquidity risk (measured as a ratio of loans to deposits) in the period of 2009-2016 was not accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the margin, which appears to be caused by the interest rate policy of the Polish central bank.

16

Role of banks in sustainable and digital transition

100%

Ryszawska B.

Nauki o Finansach

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2018

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issue vol. 23 no. 1

65-74

EN

The purpose of this study is to identify how the sustainability and digital transition influence banks. The main thesis can be expressed as follows: sustainability transition and digital transition are changing the role and function of banks, especially the products and services offered by banks. Banks are one of main actors of a broader, multi-level governance designed to support the transition to smart, efficient and low carbon economy. The framework’s structure is based upon the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions created by F.W. Geels. The first section of this paper presents the most popular approaches to the problem at hand, as reported in professional literature. Section two presents characteristics of the various actors involved in the anticipated transformation of the economy. The third section discusses the changing roles and frameworks of banks associated with the notion of the broader concept of sustainability and digitalization.

17

Operational risk in banks – revolution or regulatory evolution

100%

Koleśnik J.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 509

168-178

EN

The aim of the article is to compare the methods of calculating capital requirement for operational risk in the banks with the new approach announced by the Basel Committee in December 2017. The analysis also demonstrated that the new rules are a genuine revolution in the field of comparability of capital requirements between all banks and evolution in the methodology of its calculation. Introduction of a single method of calculation of capital requirements for all banks instead of four methods and five variants of their combination applied so far will provide real comparability of capital requirements between banks for all stockholders. Considerable discretion of bank supervision, which allowed for unfounded interference with the method used by the bank, will also be eliminated. What is important, the new method – as compared to most of the methods used so far – will take into account data reflecting real bank exposure to operational losses.

18

The role of accounting variables in valuation of banks

100%

Bolibok P.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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issue 479

23-33

EN

The paper aims at assessment of the role of accounting variables in the valuation of banks. The study is based on the review of existing literature on the theoretical frameworks of bank valuation with a particular focus on their practical applicability, and the value relevance of accounting variables in the banking sector. The results of the research indicate that an idiosyncratic nature of banking activities and their recognition in accounting ledgers render the informational content of banks’ financial statements particularly useful for valuation purposes. The investigation allowed to identify a comprehensive set of key value drivers determined by the accounting variables available in banks’ financial reports, and to propose a conceptual model of their linkages to bank value under the major practically applied bank valuation techniques.

19

Financial Institutions and Individual Autonomy—a Human Rights Perspective

100%

Szoszkiewicz Ł., Świergiel R.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 4 English Online Version

113-127

EN

This paper seeks to provide a systematic analysis of the changing relations between financial institutions, banks in particular, and individuals in the 20th and 21st centuries. The first part of the study presents the history of relations between the state, financial institutions and individuals in the twentieth century, while the second part is devoted to the changes that have taken place internationally in this area in the 21st century in the activities of non-state actors, including financial institutions, as more and more often obligations in the field of human rights protection are being emphasised. The attribution of such responsibility indicates the fact that the international community is seeking to strengthen the protection of individual autonomy. This is also confirmed by the analysis of the final observations formulated by treaty bodies functioning within the UN system of human rights protection.

20

Zarządzanie kompetencjami w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy na przykładzie uniwersalnych banków komercyjnych

100%

Wieczorek-Szymańska A.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2013

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issue 32

458-468

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane aspekty gospodarowania kompetencjami pracowników w krajowych, uniwersalnych bankach komercyjnych. Dyskusje nad znaczeniem kompetencji pracowniczych przeprowadzono w kontekście zmian warunków działania organizacji wywoływa-nych rozwojem gospodarki opartej na wiedzy. Przedstawiono także wybrane wyniki badań empi-rycznych nad kształtowaniem kompetencji pracowników banków.

EN

The article presents chosen aspects of competence management in commercial universal banks. The discourse on the meaning of employees’ competencies is conducted in the context of knowledge based economy. Moreover some empirical data on banks’ employees’ competencies management was presented.

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