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1

O položaju organske neizgrađene prirode u poetici i ideologiji istočnojadranskog futurizma

100%

Pužar A.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2022

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issue 22

271-288

EN

The article offers an overview of lesser-known aspects of the Eastern Adriatic futuristic avant-garde in a broader sense: both the futuristic movement itself and the phenomena that relied on it in conventional interpretations. Selected episodes relate to the examination of the futuristic relationship to the organic unbuilt nature. Emphasis is placed on the comparative image of this multicultural and multilingual literary region, beyond national historiographical conventions.

2

A Few Observations on the Distinctive Features of the Greek Culture

100%

Sucharski R. A.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2012

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issue 1

EN

A Few Observations on the Distinctive Features of the Greek CultureThe article is devoted to one of the most interesting features of the Greek culture in antiquity, namely for an almost total insensitivity of the Hellenes to sounds and colours of any other language. It is no coincidence that the once-non-pejorative word βάρβαρος over time acquired its current meaning of ‘barbaric/barbarian’, shared by probably all modern languages which take inspiration from classical antiquity. The Greeks, however, were not racist in the contemporary meaning of the word: regardless of origin, (s)he who takes the Hellenic culture, and above all language, for his/her own, becomes Greek. We may find an excellent illustration of this in the life and fortunes of Lucian of Samosata. The spreading of Greek culture to the entire Mediterranean and further east – as a consequence of the conquests of Alexander the Great – brought with it the appearance of a new type of books written in Greek and for Greeks. These works presented the rich, and often ancient, heritage of the cultures and peoples subjugated by Hellenic expansion. And although their authors were ‘barbarians’, it was essential that the books themselves be written in Greek. This was so not only because the Hellenes would not understand them otherwise, but probably also due to the fact that it was only the Hellenes who could be considered bearers of the ideal, of kalòs kẚgathós, the notion – fundamental to Greek competitive culture – combining moral goodness, righteousness of the spirit and beauty and vigour of the body (often backed by material wealth). However, despite its exclusivity, Greek culture was capable of both attracting others and adapting to them: as is best proven by the history of European culture.Kilka luźnych uwag co do specyfiki greckiej kulturyArtykuł jest poświęcony jednej z najbardziej charakterystycznych cech starożytnej kultury greckiej – brakowi umiejętności Hellenów do zauważenia piękna i kolorytu języków innych niż grecki. Nie jest przypadkiem, że βάρβαρος 'barbarzyńca/barbarzyński' – słowo pierwotnie pozbawione negatywnych konotacji – z biegiem czasu nabrało takiego znaczenia, które jest obecne zapewne we wszystkich nowożytnych językach, czerpiących z antyku klasycznego. Nie wynika to jednak z rasizmu – Grecy akceptują i uznają za swoich innych, o ile przejmą oni grecką kulturę i oczywiście język; klasycznym przykładem jest Lukian z Samosat. Rozszerzenie się kultury greckiej na cały obszar basenu Morza Śródziemnego i dalej na wschód – konsekwencja podbojów Aleksandra Wielkiego – przynosi pojawienie się książek pisanych po grecku i przeznaczonych dla Greków. Pokazują one dorobek kultur i ludów podporządkowanych przez Greków. Choć pisane przez 'barbarzyńców' książki te muszą być po grecku – Helleni nie zrozumieją inaczej. Zapewne wynika to z faktu, że tylko Helleni mogą być uznani za nośnik ideału – pojęcia kalokagathii, fundamentalnego dla greckiej kultury współzawodnictwa, połączenia moralnego dobra, szlachetności ducha, cielesnego piękna i tężyzny (nierzadko wspartego majątkiem). Kultura grecka – mimo swej ekskluzywności – potrafiła jednak przyciągać innych i do innych się przystosowywać: dzieje kultury europejskiej są tego najlepszym dowodem.

3

What Is Europe? The Greek Beginnings

86%

Jaroszyński P.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 1

205-215

EN

The article begins with the statement that there are three concepts of Europe historically significant. The first concept of Europe looms out in the context of the clash between the ancient Greeks and the Persians, the second one is induced by Christianity and Islam meeting head-on whereas the third concept results from the European civilization confronting the cultures of the newly discovered peoples inhabiting other continents. It is just in the context of the indicated clashes that the concept of Europe is shaped as a phenomenon diversified not only geographically but also in terms of civilization as regards other cultures or civilizations. The article then concerns with the concept of Europeanism which in the cultural sense was crystallized in Greece at the turn of the fifth and fourth centuries before Christ. It emerged on the background of the opposition between the Greeks and Asians as well as other peoples, which were referred to as barbarians by the Greeks. The article concludes that it was culture and freedom which constituted two arms of Europeanness shaped by the ancient Greeks.

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Barbarzyńcy w "Vita sancti Severini"

72%

Dutka W.

Vox Patrum

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2003

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vol. 44

319-327

EN

One of the major hagiographic sources of the Late Antiquity, Vita Sancti Severini, written by an abbey of the Lucullanum monastery, Eugippius, is also an excellent basis to explore the national and cultural contexts of living the Romans and the „barbarians" in the area of three Roman province: Noricum Ripense, Noricum Mediterraneum and Pannonia Maior in the sccond part of 5th century AD. However, the hagiographer identified 6 main names of „barbarian" tribes: the East Goths, the Herules, and the Thurings, Alemans, Rugians and Turkish Huns. Author characterized each of them comparing with the all historical details. The author also tried to analyze why the hagiographer had shown the Germanic tribes as a difficult neighbor than enemy? The religion context of these hagiographic tales also aimed to discover Germanie conquerors as so called „brothers" in Christianity. But most of the historians and philosophers of the Late Antiquity were able to think that co-operation with the Arian conquerors, was another unworkable idea. Eugippius was not. He tried to bridge the empty space of misunderstanding between the Romans and the Germanic people. Author considered the foliowing final reflection: it was possible that Eugippius could participate in the movement of cohabitation the Romans and East-Goths during the reign of Theodoric the Great. But author also tries to say that this is only a hypothesis.

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1 Colloquia Humanistica

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1 Pužar A.

1 Sucharski R. A.

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O položaju organske neizgrađene prirode u poetici i ideologiji istočnojadranskog futurizma

A Few Observations on the Distinctive Features of the Greek Culture

What Is Europe? The Greek Beginnings

Barbarzyńcy w "Vita sancti Severini"