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Roundel bastion fortifications of Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie

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Bogdała M., Chodkowska A.

Architectus

2021

issue 4 (68)

39-48

W artykule szczegółowo przedstawiono fortyfikacje bastejowe zamku Grodno w Zagórzu Śląskim. Opisano kolejne etapy ich rozbudowy, w tym nieznaną wcześniej fazę obwarowań podzamcza (tzw. zamku średniego), datowaną na około 1500 r., kiedy to powstał parkan z dwiema cylindrycznymi basztami i pierwszym domem bramnym oraz budynkiem stajni. Największe przekształcenia powiązano z działalnością budowlaną rodziny von Logau, która w 1547 r. weszła w posiadanie zamku i dokonała jego renesansowej przebudowy i rozbudowy o dolny człon podzamcza. Kolejne istotne zmiany miały miejsce w XIX w., kiedy to zamek został uratowany przed całkowitą rozbiórką i przystosowany do zwiedzania przez turystów. Działania te wpłynęły m.in. na wygląd jego obwarowań i otoczenia. W tekście przedstawiono etapy powstania obwodu bastejowego. Odniesiono się również do śladów po nieistniejących jego elementach. Poddano obserwacji materiał budowlany, jak formaty cegieł i rodzaj zaprawy. W toku analiz wykorzystano technologie fotogrametrii naziemnej i lotniczej pozwalających na opracowanie wirtualnych modeli badanych obiektów. Na podstawie danych pozyskanych z lotniczego skanowania laserowego opracowano wizualizację modelu terenu wokół zamku. Dzięki cyfrowym modelom uzyskano informacje, które nie były czytelne w trakcie prowadzenia badań architektonicznych tradycyjnymi metodami. Autorzy wyrażają potrzebę przeprowadzenia dalszych badań, w szczególności archeologicznych, które pozwoliłyby na rozpoznanie niewidocznych reliktów zamku.

The article presents the roundel bastion fortifications of Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie in detail. It also describes subsequent stages of their extensions, including the previously unknown phase of fortifications of the outer bailey (the so-called middle castle), dated to around 1500, when a fence with two cylindrical towers, the first gatehouse, and a stable building were built. The largest transformations were connected with the construction activity of the von Logau family, which in 1547 came into possession of the castle and made its renaissance reconstruction as well as its extension by the lower part of the outer bailey. Other significant changes took place in the $19^{th}$ century when the castle was saved from complete demolition and adapted for visiting by tourists. These actions influenced, inter alia, the appearance of its fortifications and surroundings. The text presents the stages of the roundel bastion perimeter construction. There are also references to the traces of its nonexistent elements. Building material such as brick formats and the type of mortar were observed. In the course of analyses, technologies of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry were used, which made it possible to develop virtual models of the researched objects. On the basis of the data obtained from laser aerial scanning, a visualization of the terrain model around the castle was developed. Thanks to digital models, information, which was hardly legible during architectural research using traditional methods, was obtained. The authors express the need for further studies, in particular archaeological ones, which would allow discovering these relics of the castle which are still hidden.

ZAMEK W JANOWCU NAD WISŁĄ. BUDOWA – ROZBUDOWA – RUINA KONSERWACJA – REWALORYZACJA – ZAGOSPODAROWANIE

61%

Żurawski J.

Ochrona Zabytków

2003

issue 1-2

5-33

The castle in Janowiec on the Vistula (county of Puławy, voivodeship of Lublin) was erected as a bastion fortress at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Up to the end of the sixteenth century it was the property of great Polish magnate families : the Firlejs, the Lubomirskis and the Tarłos, whose representatives held the highest state offices in prepartition Commonwealth. Expanded and redesigned in the course of three centuries, from the beginning of the nineteenth century the castle turned into a ruin. Its rapid devastation was the result of dismantling and weak construction material – limestone bedstone. In 1975 the castle was purchased by the Vistula Museum in Kazimierz Dolny, which initiated the permanent securing of the object and opened its own on-the-spot branch entrusted with care for the historical monument. The revalorisation and preservation conducted for twenty five years were accompanied by thorough archaeological, historical and architectural research. Consequently, the museum, mindful of the technical state of the castle, recreated and protected part of the walls, predominantly for the purposes of displaying the original elements of defensive architecture and decorations from the first phase of the construction of the castle. In 1993 the range of the work was extended so as to include partial reconstruction intended to grant the castle assorted functions : museum, tourist, hotel and gastronomical. The general appearance of the castle will continue to be that of a permanent ruin. A complex of wooden manorial buildings transferred from assorted localities in the voivodeship of Lublin has been placed near the castle park. Together with the castle they constitute a functional entity. The author of the article maintains that the accepted range of the reconstruction of the castle, based upon the outcome of meticulous research, is acceptable and suits the criteria formulated in the Charter of Venice. Moreover, he regards a ruin to be a state highly undesirable for an architectural monument, and is in favour of reconstruction conducted to a degree permitted by the results of scientific investigations. J. Żurawski justifies his opinions by referring to universally applied practice which veers from official doctrine.

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1 Architectus

1 Ochrona Zabytków

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1 Bogdała M.

1 Chodkowska A.

1 Żurawski J.

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Roundel bastion fortifications of Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie

ZAMEK W JANOWCU NAD WISŁĄ. BUDOWA – ROZBUDOWA – RUINA KONSERWACJA – REWALORYZACJA – ZAGOSPODAROWANIE