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Exposure to widespread environmental toxicants and children’s cognitive development and behavioral problems

100%
Jurewicz J., Polańska K., Hanke W.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 2
185-204
EN
Nowadays a special attention is focused on prenatal and childhood exposures to a variety of contaminants in the environment, especially toxicants widely present in the environment and their impact on children's health and neurodevelopment. This article aims at evaluating the impact of exposure to several widespread toxicants including: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants and gas cooking on children's cognitive development and behavioral problems by reviewing most recent published literature. Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to widespread toxicants and children's development for the last eleven years were identified by a search of the PubMed, Medline, Ebsco and Toxnet literature bases. The combination of following key words was used: 1) referring to the exposure: pregnancy, prenatal exposure, postnatal exposure, gas cooking, exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, PAHs and 2) referring to outcome: neurodevelopment, neurobehavior, psychomotor development, behavioral problems, cognitive development, mental health, school achievements, learning abilities. The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that the developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to insult from low levels of exposure to widespread environmental contaminants such as: phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gas cooking. Considering the suggested health effects, more epidemiologic data is urgently needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented.
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Prevalence vybraných typů osobnostních problémů u adolescentů, umístěných trvale v ústavní péči

75%
Novotný J. S.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2011
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vol. 2
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issue 2
99-108
EN
The paper presents results of analyzes of selected types of personality problems in adolescents, placed permanently in institutional care. It focuses on five areas of problems (emotional problems, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, problems with peer and deficits in prosocial behavior) and the influence of gender and ethnicity on their distribution. The sample consisted of 45 adolescents, permanently placed in institutional care. The results overall correspond to other studies in some areas are the values even lower. As the most problematic area appears a question of hyperactivity. The influence of gender and ethnicity did not show as significant in the majority of studied areas.
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