Search results

1

The Class of Estimators of Finite Population Mean Using Incomplete Multi-Auxiliary Information

100%

Srivastava M., Garg N.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2013

|

vol. 14

|

issue 2

201-216

EN

In this paper, a class of estimators is considered for estimating the mean of the finite population utilizing available incomplete multi-auxiliary information. Some special cases of this class of estimators are considered. The approximate expressions for bias and mean square error of the suggested estimators have also been derived and theoretical results are numerically supported.

2

Od pierwotnej oralności do wtórnej piśmienności w epoce dominacji internetowego biasu

100%

Szpunar M.

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

|

2014

|

vol. 57

|

issue 4

694-706

EN

From primary orality to secondary literacy in the era of the dominance of Internet biasScientists tend to overestimate writing as the primary form of language, while the oral communication is the primary form of the whole communication. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the crucial role of technologies such as writing in the thought processes and evolution of culture.

3

On Classes of Modified Ratio Type And Regression-Cum-Ratio Type Estimators in Sample Surveys Using Two Auxiliary Variables

100%

Swain A. K. P. C.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2012

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

473-494

EN

In this paper generalized classes of modified ratio type and regression-cum-ratio type estimators of the finite population mean of the study variable are suggested in the presence of two auxiliary variables in simple random sampling without replacement when the population means of the auxiliary variables are known in advance. Some special cases of the generalized estimators are compared with respect to their biases and efficiencies both theoretically and with the help of some natural populations.

4

A General Family of Dual to Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator in Sample Surveys

100%

Singh R., Kumar M., Chauhan P., Sawan N., Smarandache F.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2011

|

vol. 12

|

issue 3

587-594

EN

This paper presents a family of dual to ratio-cum-product estimators for the finite population mean. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, expressions of the bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. We show that the proposed family is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, Singh estimator (1967), Srivenkataramana (1980) and Bandyopadhyaya estimator (1980) and Singh et al. (2005) estimator. An empirical study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the constructed estimator over others.

5

A Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator of Finite Population Mean in Systematic Sampling

100%

Tailor R., Jatwa N. K., Singh H. P.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2014

|

vol. 15

|

issue 3

391-398

EN

In this paper we consider the problem of estimation of population mean using information on two auxiliary variables in systematic sampling. We have extended Singh (1967) estimator for estimation of population mean in systematic sampling. We have derived the expressions for the bias and mean squared error of the suggested estimator up to the first degree of approximation. We have compared the suggested estimator with existing estimators and obtained the conditions under which the suggested estimator is more efficient. An empirical study has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the suggested estimator.

6

Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification

100%

Lone H. A., Tailor R.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2015

|

vol. 16

|

issue 1

53–64

EN

This paper addressed the problem of estimation of finite population mean in the case of post-stratification. Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification are suggested. The biases and mean squared errors of the suggested estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation. Theoretical and empirical studies have been done to demonstrate better efficiencies of the suggested estimators than other considered estimators.

7

Noise and bias - some controversies raised by the book 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment', written by Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, Cass R. Sunstein

100%

Szreder M.

Przegląd Statystyczny

|

2022

|

vol. 69

|

issue 1

39-49

EN

The paper reviews and discusses the statistical aspects of the phenomenon called 'noise' which Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winning psychologist, and his colleagues present in their new book entitled 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment'. Noise is understood by the authors as an unexpected and undesirable variation present in people's judgments. The variability of judgments influences decisions which are made on the basis of those judgments and, consequently, may have a negative impact on the operations of various institutions. This is the main concern presented and analyzed in this book. The objective of this paper is to look at the relationship between bias and noise - the two major components of the mean squared error (MSE) - from a different perspective which is absent in the book. Although the author agrees that each of the two components contributes equally to MSE, he claims that in some circumstances a reduction of noise can make accurate inference not less, but more difficult. It is justified that the actual impact of noise cannot be accurately determined without considering both bias and noise simultaneously.

8

“Singularities” in and as “the world”: What Happens in Shakespeare

88%

Cotterill R.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

|

2017

|

issue 55

9-24

EN

Two possible interpretations of the notion of a “Shakespearean world” are considered; one for which the phrase connotes facts, processes and judgements which are taken by speakers to be provisional, unstable, morally “biassed”, yet in some sense “realistic”; another for which a “singular” character, a character-type or a particular experience is perceived as not only coherent and intensive in itself but as, potentially or actually, the source of a larger coherence and intelligibility. A number of citations display the different features salient to each of these two lines of interpretation. It is argued that, for some “singularities”, which take themselves and their powers and properties to be self-sufficient and self-legitimating, exposure to the “world” is in practice morally reductive or destructive. In other “singular” cases, such exposure amounts to, and offers an understanding of, Shakespearean versions of protagonism, heroism, and empathetic charm.

9

Gender differential item functioning in Slovak version of neo five factor inventory

88%

Kohút M., Halama P.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

|

2019

|

vol. 63

|

issue 1

71-83

EN

Objectives. Presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in psychological measurement tools can indicate the presence of bias between groups. The present study is focused on analysing DIF between males and females in the Slovak version of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Sample and settings. The sample consists of 1016 respondents (40,6% males) from Slovakia, with mean age of 25.97 years (SD=13.42). Statistical analysis. For DIF analysis Mantel’s test in DIFAS 5.0 software, ordinal logistic regression and Poly-SIBTEST were used. Results. The final results show 18 items with medium and large uniform DIF, 6 of them identified by all the methods used. One item showing purely non-uniform DIF was identified. Deletion of identified DIF items caused notable change in scale score differences between males and females in Openness to experience scale. Possible factors causing DIF are discussed. Presence of the identified DIF items does not suggest that NEO-FFI is severely biased against males or females. Limitation. Limitation of the present study lies mainly in the general sample. Future studies should verify these findings on age specific samples.

10

Estimation of product of two population means by multiauxiliary characters under double sampling the non-respondents

88%

Khare B. B., Sinha R. R.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2019

|

vol. 20

|

issue 3

81-95

EN

This paper considers the problem of estimating the product of two population means using the information on multi-auxiliary characters with double sampling the non-respondents. Classes of estimators are proposed for estimating P under two different situations [discussed by Rao (1986, 90)] using known population mean of multi-auxiliary characters. Further, this problem has been extended to the case when population means of the auxiliary characters are unknown and they are estimated on the basis of a larger first phase sample. In this situation, a class of two phase sampling estimators for estimating P is suggested using multi-auxiliary characters with unknown population means in the presence of non-response. The expressions of bias and mean square error of all the proposed estimators are derived and their properties are studied. An empirical study using real data sets is given to justify the theoretical considerations.

11

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees

88%

Johansson G., Gustafsson K., Marklund S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 28

|

issue 3

507-518

EN

Objectives This study is analyzing the unexpected reversed or lacking association between high adjustment latitude and sickness presence by examining whether it is due to confounding. Material and Methods Questionnaires were sent in 2004 and 2005 to a cohort of individuals aged 25–50 years, selected from the Statistics Sweden’s register of the Swedish population. Information from 2397 individuals who answered both questionnaires was analyzed by the use of logistic regression analysis. Results The odds ratio for sickness presence among the individuals with a low adjustment latitude compared to those with high adjustment latitude was 1.7 (range: 1.4–2.2). This increased likelihood was almost entirely unaffected in the analysis of potential confounders. Conclusions If the reversed association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence does not reflect confounding, it may be due to reporting bias, which may cause problems in research on sickness presence. We argue that more detailed studies are needed to explore the different sources of possible reporting problems.

12

Some classes of modified ratio type estimators in sample surveys

88%

Swain A. K. P. C., Das M.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2015

|

vol. 16

|

issue 1

37–52

EN

In this paper some classes of modified ratio type estimators with additive and multiplicative adjustments made to the simple mean per unit estimator and classical ratio estimator are suggested to obtain more efficient ratio type estimators compared to the classical one. Their biases and mean square errors are obtained and compared with first order approximations.

13

Darwin’s Greatest Secret Exposed: Response to Grzegorz Malec’s De Facto Fact Denying Review of My Book

75%

Sutton M.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

|

2016

|

vol. 13

287-296

EN

Grzegorz Malec’s “There Is No Darwin’s Greatest Secret”, a review of my book Nullius in Verba: Darwin’s Greatest Secret, takes one extremely minor finding from my book and, despite his best efforts, manages to disconfirm just one of thirty examples of that minor finding. He then takes that one disconfirmed mere minor example and presents it as evidence that he has disconfirmed all the original major findings in my book. By so doing, his deceptive review goes far beyond the counter-academic deviance of mere cherry picking, it is more a case of gross misrepresentation to the point of de facto fact denial amounting to historic revisionist behaviour.

14

Źródła błędów poznawczych w badaniach śladów kryminalistycznych

75%

Ignaszak M.

Problemy Kryminalistyki

|

2019

|

issue 303

27-33

EN

Every human being has a cognitive apparatus that he/she uses every day. Due to its limitations, we are susceptible to all kinds of cognitive errors that affect the observation of the world and decision making. Also forensic experts are not immune to external and internal factors that may cause issuing false opinions. The aim of the article is to show the multilevel problem of prevalence and susceptibility to any cognitive biases in the expertise of forensic analysts, and an attempt to systematise the cases described in the latest research works using the pyramid structure of bias sources. As regards the practical aspect of the discussed subject, in some cases solutions were also proposed that could improve the work of experts and contribute to its greater integrity.

PL

Człowiek ma aparat poznawczy, który wykorzystuje na co dzień. Z uwagi na jego ograniczenia jesteśmy podatni na wszelkiego rodzaju błędy poznawcze, które wpływają na obserwację świata i podejmowanie decyzji. Również eksperci sądowi nie są odporni na takie czynniki zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, za sprawą których mogą podejmować niepoprawne decyzje. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wielopoziomowego problemu powszechności występowania i podatności na wszelkie błędy poznawcze w ekspertyzie biegłych kryminalistyków oraz próba usystematyzowania przypadków opisanych w najnowszych badaniach, wykorzystująca strukturę piramidy źródeł błędów poznawczych. Z uwagi na praktyczny aspekt omawianej tematyki w niektórych przypadkach zaproponowano również rozwiązania, które mogłyby usprawnić pracę ekspertów i przyczynić się do jej większej spójności.

15

Ultrasound Viewers’ Attribution of Moral Status to Fetal Humans: A Case for Presumptive Rationality

75%

Giebel H. M.

Diametros

|

2020

|

vol. 17

|

issue 64

22-35

EN

As several studies, along with a book and movie depicting the true story of a former clinic director, have recently brought to the public’s attention, fetal ultrasound images dramatically impact some viewers’ normative judgments: a small but non-negligible proportion of viewers attribute increased moral status to fetal humans and even form the belief that abortion is impermissible. I consider three types of psychological explanation for a viewer’s shift in beliefs: (1) increased bonding or empathy, (2) various forms of cognitive bias, and (3) type of cognitive processing involved. I consider the normative implications of each explanation, arguing that in each case the viewer’s judgment is presumptively rational.

16

To trust or not to trust? Interpretations in qualitative research

75%

Neusar A.

Human Affairs

|

2014

|

vol. 24

|

issue 2

178-188

EN

Interpretations of data in qualitative research may be biased for many reasons. This paper explores three commonly overlooked problems from a rather positivist point of view and deals with them mainly through the lens of cognitive psychology and survey methodology. The first problem is that researchers and readers of the research tend to trust retrospective data too much even though it is known that our memory is highly reconstructive. The second problem is that we often create interpretations too quickly and do not ground them in data well. The third problem is inappropriately generalising our findings because we underrate the variability of the phenomena studied. The aim is not to employ quantitative criteria in qualitative research but to show that especially in cases where we seek more objectivity (e.g., factual information about events) and less about the subjective phenomenal world (e.g., how people perceive these events from today’s perspective), cognitive psychology or survey methodology can offer valuable insights. Recommendations about what researchers should be careful of and how to increase the objectivity of the interpretations are offered.

17

Some Rotation Patterns in Two-Phase Sampling

75%

Singh G. N., Prasad S.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2011

|

vol. 12

|

issue 1

25-44

EN

A problem related to the estimation of population mean on the current occasion using two-phase successive (rotation) sampling on two occasions has been considered. Two-phase ratio, regression and chain-type estimators for estimating the population mean on current (second) occasion have been proposed. Properties of the proposed estimators have been studied and their respective optimum replacement policies are discussed. Estimators are compared with the sample mean estimator, when there is no matching and the natural optimum estimator, which is a linear combination of the means of the matched and unmatched portions of the sample on the current occasion. Results are demonstrated through empirical means of comparison and suitable recommendations are made.

18

Disqualification of en employee of a public administration authority in the European Union Member States

75%

Kmiecik Z.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2023

|

vol. 85

|

issue 2

109-126

EN

One of the rules contained in the Code of Good Administrative Behavior adopted in 2001 by the European Parliament is the principle of impartiality and independence (Article 8). The presence of this rule, despite its non-binding nature, prompted the author to examine – using the method of comparative law analysis – whether the EU Member States have regulated this issue in their legal systems – and if so, to what extent and how. The basic institution serving the implementation of this principle is the disqualification of an employee of the authority from participation in the proceedings in situations where their impartiality seems to be at risk. Not all EU countries explicitly provide for such an institution. Among the legal systems that contain it, only some regulate the entirety of issues related to it: the grounds for disqualification, the procedure for disqualification and the consequences of it, as well as the appealability of orders taken in this matter and the consequences of violating the provisions on disqualification. Regulations of individual issues differ in the degree of detail. This applies primarily to the reasons for the disqualification of an employee of the authority. The most important reason for the disqualification of employees (except when they or their spouse are a party to the proceedings) is the consanguinity or affinity between them and the party. However, the ranges of such ties resulting in automatic disqualification of an employee, adopted in EU member states, differ significantly. The second area of significant difference is the consequences of the potentially biased employee’s participation in the proceedings. The solutions adopted in this regard in legislation and jurisprudence depend on how the main purpose of the provisions concerning the disqualification of an employee is perceived: as strengthening the public’s trust in the executive, or as a fair settlement of the matter.

19

A Class of Chain Ratio-Cum-Dual to Ratio Type Estimator with Two Auxiliary Characters Under Double Sampling in Sample Surveys

75%

Choudhury S., Singh B. K.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2012

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

519-536

EN

This paper considers a chain ratio-cum-dual to ratio type estimator for estimating population mean of the study variate using two auxiliary variates under double (two-phase) sampling procedure, when the information on another additional auxiliary variate is available along with the main auxiliary variate. The asymptotically optimum estimators (AOEs) in the class are identified in two different cases with their bias and variances. The optimum values of the first phase and second phase sample sizes have been obtained for the fixed cost of survey. Theoretical and empirical studies have also been done to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed estimator with respect to strategies which utilized the information on two auxiliary variates.

20

Chain Ratio Estimator for the Population Mean in the Presence of Non-Response

75%

Khare B. B., Srivastava U., Kumar K.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2012

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

495-518

EN

In this paper we have proposed two chain ratio type estimators for population mean using two auxiliary variables in the presence of non-response. The proposed estimators have been found to be more efficient than the relevant estimators for the fixed values of preliminary sample of size n′and subsample of size n(

Refine search results

The Class of Estimators of Finite Population Mean Using Incomplete Multi-Auxiliary Information

Od pierwotnej oralności do wtórnej piśmienności w epoce dominacji internetowego biasu

On Classes of Modified Ratio Type And Regression-Cum-Ratio Type Estimators in Sample Surveys Using Two Auxiliary Variables

A General Family of Dual to Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator in Sample Surveys

A Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator of Finite Population Mean in Systematic Sampling

Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification

Noise and bias - some controversies raised by the book 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment', written by Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, Cass R. Sunstein

“Singularities” in and as “the world”: What Happens in Shakespeare

Gender differential item functioning in Slovak version of neo five factor inventory

Estimation of product of two population means by multiauxiliary characters under double sampling the non-respondents

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees

Some classes of modified ratio type estimators in sample surveys

Darwin’s Greatest Secret Exposed: Response to Grzegorz Malec’s De Facto Fact Denying Review of My Book

Źródła błędów poznawczych w badaniach śladów kryminalistycznych

Ultrasound Viewers’ Attribution of Moral Status to Fetal Humans: A Case for Presumptive Rationality

To trust or not to trust? Interpretations in qualitative research

Some Rotation Patterns in Two-Phase Sampling

Disqualification of en employee of a public administration authority in the European Union Member States

A Class of Chain Ratio-Cum-Dual to Ratio Type Estimator with Two Auxiliary Characters Under Double Sampling in Sample Surveys

Chain Ratio Estimator for the Population Mean in the Presence of Non-Response