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Attention-driven bias for threat-related stimuli in implicit memory. Preliminary results from the Posner cueing paradigm

100%
Traczyk J., Matusz P. J., Sobków A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2010
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vol. 41
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issue 4
163-171
EN
An implicit memory advantage for angry faces was investigated in this experiment by means of an additional cueing task. Participants were to assess the orientation of a triangle's peak, which side of presentation was cued informatively by angry and neutral face stimuli, after which they immediately completed an unexpected “old-new” task on a set of the previously presented faces and new, distractor-faces. Surprisingly, the RTs were similarly long on the invalid trials for angry and neutral facial cues in the Posner task. However, performance on the “old-new” task was better for angry than neutral faces. A strong correlation between RTs in angry-invalid trials and confidence ratings for these angry faces was observed only in highly reactive participants. These results suggest that presentation of threatening material can induce enhanced incidental encoding which can result in stronger familiarity for such material, and this effect is driven by attentional bias in highly reactive individuals.
2
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The metacognitive self fosters the drive for self-knowledge: The role of the metacognitive self in the motivation to search for diagnostic information about the self

100%
Brycz H., Wyszomirska-Góra M., Konarski R., Wojciszke B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2018
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vol. 49
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issue 1
3
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Towards Behaviorally Informed Public Interventions

84%
Olejniczak K., Śliwowski P.
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
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2015
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issue 2
61-91
EN
Purpose: This article informs readers about the theoretical and practical origins of the behaviorally informed interventions (BIPI), analyzes examples of the BIPI from different policy sectors and strategies they offer for policy and regulatory design, and discusses applications and implications of BIPI for public interventions. Methodology: This paper is based on a review of literature, as well as an inspection of administrative practices in OECD countries. It encompasses a systematic analysis of scientific papers from the SCOPUS database and a query carried out at the library of George Washington University. Findings: The traditional approach to public policy research is based on rational choice theory. It offers limited support, because by assuming perfect rationality of policy decisions, it overlooks existence of systematic errors and biases of human decision-making. The authors argue that behaviorally informed public interventions (BIPI) might contribute to improving the effectiveness of a number of public measures – regulation, projects, programs, and even entire policies. Practical implications: The behavioral approach allows decision-makers to better understand the decisions and behaviors of citizens, as well as to design more effective interventions with minimum effort by adapting the existing solutions to real decision mechanisms of citizens. Originality: By combining the concepts of traditional approach with the growing behavioral approach, the authors aim to propose a new theoretical framework (BIPI) to be used as a tool for policy design, delivery and evaluation.
4
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Spostrzeganie tendencyjności we własnym zachowaniu: wyznaczniki sytuacyjne

67%
Brycz H.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2005
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vol. 8
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issue 1
23-42
PL
Na podstawie trzech niezależnych badań weryfikowano hipotezy o wpływie czynników sytuacyjnych – takich jak poziom lęku, autorytet, wysokość nagrody, wzbudzanie pamięci semantycznej lub epizodycznej – na trafność spostrzegania własnych zachowań – przejawów odchyleń od racjonalności. Czynniki sytuacyjne odgrywały mierną rolę. Najsilniej na trafność wpływa wartościowość odchyleń od racjonalności: te, które dobrze świadczą o wykonawcy, są trafniej spostrzegane we własnym zachowaniu niż takie prawidłowości, które mówią o człowieku źle.
EN
Three independent studies verified the hypothesis that situational factors influence naive theories of one’s own biases. The following situational factors were taken into account: authority level, reward, anxiety level, semantic or episodic memory. The accuracy of the perception of one’s own biases was measured in all three studies. The results demonstrated that situational factors played a modest role in the accurate perception of one’s own biases. The valence of biases showed the strongest impact on the accuracy of perception: higher accuracy was observed with respect to the biases that testify positively for the subject when compared to the biases that are negative.
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