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EN
In the article a new way of determining the number of clusters was proposed focused on data made up of binary variables. An important application aspect is that the data sets on which the new formula was investigated were generated in the way characteristic for the marketing data following the work of Dimitriadou et al. [2002]. The new formula is a modification of the Ratkowsky-Lance index and proved to be better in some respects than this index, which was the best in the mentioned research. The modification proposed is based on measuring the quality of grouping into the predicted number of clusters and running the same index on the twice smaller set of objects comprising dense regions of the original data set.
EN
Cluster analysis of binary data is a relatively poorly developed task in comparison with cluster analysis for data measured on stronger scales. For example, at the stage of variable selection one can use many methods arranged for arbitrary measurement scales but the results are usually of poor quality. In practice, the only methods dedicated for variable selection for binary data are the ones proposed by Brusco (2004), Dash et al. (2000) and Talavera (2000). In this paper the efficiency of these methods will be discussed with reference to the marketing type data of Dimitriadou et al. (2002). Moreover, the primary objective is a new proposal of variable selection method based on connecting the filtering of the input set of all variables with grouping of sets of variables similar with respect to similar groupings of objects. The new method is an attempt to link good features of two entirely different approaches to variable selection in cluster analysis, i.e. filtering methods and wrapper methods. The new method of variable selection returns best results when the classical k-means method of objects grouping is slightly modified.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne założenia konstrukcji wraz z praktycznymi implikacjami modelu czynnikowego w kontekście badań marketingowych. W pierwszej części zwrócono uwagę na zależność badań marketingowych od rozwoju teorii pomiaru w ramach analizy zjawisk rynkowych o charakterze ukrytym. Następnie omówiono proces konstrukcji modelu czynnikowego do analizy zmiennych dychotomicznych. Napodstawie przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych zaprezentowano funkcjonalność jednoczynnikowego modelu w sferze pomiaru postaw młodzieży (młodych konsumentów) wobec hedonistyczno-konsumpcyjnego stylu życia.
EN
The article describes a number of theoretical and practical issues pertaining to the factor analysis model and its application in the field of marketing research. The first part discusses the dependence of marketing research on the theory of measurement e.g., the course of research development in the sphere of latent events analysis. The next part looks at factorial modeling in research on consumer attitudes and opinions, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for binary data analysis using the latent trait model. Finally, using empirical data, the author presents a one-factor model to measure youth (young consumers) attitudes towards a hedonistic-consumer lifestyle.
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