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Biofilm – an instrument for wastewater treatment technology

100%
Łaskawiec E.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
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2015
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issue 1
20-26
EN
The article discusses the detailed issues related to the formation of biofilms, a multi-step process exploiting physical and chemical phenomena. The main components of the biofilm matrix are described with the functions they perform. The prevalence of this technology makes it valuable to make detailed investigations of the formation of biofilms. This is of particular relevance to wastewater treatment technologies, which are increasingly adopting these popular biological methods for sewage processing.
2
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Microorganisms in metalworking fluids: Current issues in research and management

100%
Trafny E. A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
|
2013
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vol. 26
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issue 1
4-15
EN
The microbial contamination of water miscible metalworking fl uids (MWFs) is a serious problem in metal industry. A good maintenance of MWF re-circulation systems can extend the lifetime of coolants and ensure the quality of the tools produced. In MWFs, as in the other water-based environments, microorganisms usually live in the form of biofi lms, the communities of bacteria and fungi attached to the surface of sumps, metal parts and also to each other. Biofi lms exhibit very high resistance to biocides. The effect of biocides that are used as additives to MWFs to control the growth of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes (microorganisms characteristic to the individual coolant system) have become the subject of research only in recent years. There are also only sparse reports on the impact of biocides on microorganisms growing in biofi lms in MWF installations. Fast growing mycobacteria are important members of these biofi lm communities. Their presence has recently been linked with the occurrence of cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a serious respiratory disorder in the metal industry employees. The new, relatively fast and inexpensive techniques to assess the species diversity within MWF microbiomes and their population size should be developed in order to control the microorganisms’ proliferation in MWFs and to diminish the occupational exposure to harmful bioaerosols in metal industry.
3
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The relationship between biofilm formation, genes of virulence and iron metabolism in Escherichia coli

100%
Handrová L., Čuvalová A., Kmeť V.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
|
2018
EN
Escherichia coli is known as one of the bacterial species with the widest adaptability to variety of niches either within organisms or outside in environment. Most strains of E. coli are of low virulence and associated with opportunistic infections, whereas others are highly virulent. The success of E. coli in colonising such a wide range of hosts and environments is basically due to a noticeable ductility in exploiting the available resources. It is becoming increasingly clear that biofilms have an enormous impact on medicine because since 65% of animal and human bacterial infections involve biofilms. In present study, we isolated strains of E. coli from animals. 19 interesting isolates were selected and tested by PCR amplification to virulence – iutA, cvaC, iss, tsh, papC, kps, iha and iron metabolism genes – sitA, feoB, irp2, fyuA, iroN, ireA. The ability of biofilm formation was assessed in a quantitative assay using a microtiter-plate test. Bacterial strains were grown on BHI. We divided isolates of E. coli into four classes: very weak (63.0%), weak (10.5%), moderate (10.5%) and strong (16.0%) biofilm producers. Representation genes of virulence were highly in isolates from very weak biofilm producers – from 7 genes were 6 highly; only papC (P fimbrial adhesin) was low. Genes of iron metabolism were different. Genes – sitA, fyuA, ireA in strong isolates producing biofilm and feoB, irp2, iroN in weak producers were most represented. The results show possible relation between presence virulence factor and low biofilm formation.
4
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Analysis of biofilm production in Enterococcus faecium strains depending on clinical source

88%
Sieńko A., Wieczorek P., Majewski P., Sacha P., Wieczorek A., Ojdana D., Tryniszewska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(1)
83-89
EN
Purpose: Enterococcus faecium strains have been reported worldwide as etiologic factors of many nosocomial infections, which are difficult to manage because of the constantly increasing resistance of these microorganisms to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability to produce a biofilm in E. faecium strains, depending on the patient’s clinical material. Materials and methods: Sixty-six E. faecium strains were investigated. Identification and susceptibility testing were conducted by the VITEK2 system. The ability to form biofilm was assessed by phenotypic methods. The presence of selected virulence genes was established by PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Results: Among the tested E. faecium isolates, 72.7% were biofilm-positive (BIO+) and 27.3% biofilm-negative (BIO-). Strains were collected mostly from rectal swabs (30.4%) and blood (18.3%). BIO+ strains from infections constituted 31.8% (52.4% isolated from blood) and from colonization 40.9% (48.2% from rectal swabs). 91.7% of the Blood Group strains and 68.5% of the Other Group strains produced biofilm. Strains from the Colonization Group produced biofilm in a proportion similar to the Infection Group (about 75%). There were no statistically significant differences in virulence and resistance, except for vancomycin (more resistant BIO+ Other than the BIO+ Blood Group, and more resistant BIO+ Colonization than BIO+ Infection Group) and teicoplanin (more resistant BIO+ Colonization than the BIO+ Infection Group). Conclusion: The majority of E. faecium isolates carries high levels of resistance to many antimicrobials, is well equipped with virulence genes, and possesses the ability to form biofilm.
5
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Antibiofilm activity of mushroom extracts against Staphylococcus aureus

88%
Čuvalová A., Strapáč I., Handrová L., Kmeť V.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
|
2018
EN
Mushrooms are a renowned source of products with an array of bioactivities, from antibacterial to antiviral, cytotoxic, antifeeding, antifungal or antioxidant and might be a valuable resource in the search of new bioactive extracts to inhibit biofilm production. We demonstrate the effect of five mushroom water extracts Macrolepiota procera, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Armillaria mellea and Laetiporus sulphurous on biofilm formation of four Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from ixodid ticks (Acari) and ewe´s milk. The PCR was used for detection of virulence genes (hla, isdA, B, bbp, sirB, fnbpA, sdrE, agr II). The ability of biofilm formation and anti-biofilm activity of mushrooms extracts was assessed in a quantitative crystal violet assay. The biofilm formation of S. aureus strains was significantly reduced by all mushrooms extracts (p < 0.001). We showed that more significant anti-biofilm effect of the extracts was of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ixodid ticks in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ewe´s milk. In the present study, A. mellea, P. ostreatus, L. sulphurous, A. auricula-judae and M. procera extracts inhibited biofilm formation by 70.87%, 67.00%, 64.14%, 62.77% and 47.71%, respectively. The results suggest that compounds in mushrooms extracts might be useful to control and handle detrimental infections caused by animal and human pathogens.
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A brief review of microbial induced corrosion research

88%
Gruca A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
|
2018
EN
Korozja to ogół procesów prowadzących do niszczenia materiałów. Jednym z typów korozji jest korozja powodowana działaniem mikroorganizmów. Tak zwana Biokorozja w znacznym stopniu przyczynia się do degradacji konstrukcji metalowych i betonowych. Niektóre elementy tych konstrukcji, w szczególności te wystawione na działanie wody słodkiej, słonej, ścieków albo ziemi są szczególnie narażone na destrukcyjny wpływ mikrobów. Korozja mikrobiologiczna w największym stopniu dotyka przemysłu naftowo-gazowego, transportu wodnego i instalacji sanitarnych. Niebagatelny problem stanowi także, powodowana przez bakterie znajdujące się w jamie ustnej, korozja implantów dentystycznych. Mimo, że mechanizmy powodujące biokorozję nie są dobrze znane, walka z tym zjawiskiem jest przedmiotem badań instytutów na całym świecie. Ważnym zagadnieniem jest również projektowanie materiałów o zwiększonej odporności na biokorozję. Celem tego artykułu jest podsumowanie dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy o zjawisku biokorozji, przybliżenie obecnie stosowanych metod jej zapobiegania, oraz omówienie procesów chemicznych i biologicznych stojących za korozją indukowaną przez mikroorganizmy.
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