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EN
Two stone shaft-hole axes found in a destroyed grave of the Corded Ware culture in Brożec, Strzelin district, SW Poland, have been subjected to morpho-functional analysis. Both tools bear various traces of use, repair and ante-depositional treatment, which points to their interesting life histories. The high-resolution analysis involved detailed microscopic and morphometric observations aimed to determine the function of the axes and the scale of modifications made before the artefacts became grave goods. The axes are quite similar typologically (according to the typologies by Jan Machnik 1966 and Piotr Włodarczak 2006). However, before being placed in the grave, they were definitely used, and their use wear traces show that the roles of the artefacts were different
Filoteknos
|
2022
|
issue 12
23-50
EN
Alan Alexander Milne is known primarily as an author of four books for children – two volumes of poetry, When We Were Very Young (1924) and Now We Are Six (1927), and also two collections of stories, Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). In each of these works appears a character inspired by the writer’s son, Christopher Robin Milne. In Great Britain and the United States shortly after the release the poems commanded a lot of interest and fame was won primarily by Christopher Robin. As the writer said himself after years: “[…] it was Christopher Robin, not I, whom Americans were clamouring to see; and, in fact (to make due acknowledgement at last), it was Christopher Robin, not I, not the publishers, who was selling the book in such large and ridiculous quantities”. And it is to Christopher (Robin) that this article is devoted – the character I propose to call a sylleptic character. It examines the relationship between reality and fiction, what events from life inspired the literary works, but also how these works influenced the life of the writer and his son.
EN
This review article discusses two newly-released publications on communist women activists: Kristen Ghodsee’s Red Valkyries: Feminist Lessons from Five Revolutionary Women and The Palgrave Handbook of Communist Women Activists around the World, edited by Francisca de Haan. It focuses on questions of narrative and the persuasive function of the reviewed works, asking how and for whom one should write about communist women today. It brings to light methodological challenges, as well as those related to access to sources on communist women. It also reflects on the place that publications which tell stories of communist women who challenged gender, class, and racial inequalities in the past occupy in the perception of contemporary readers, so often confronted in these times with experiences of inequality and violence.
Studia Religiologica
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2013
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vol. 46
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issue 4
251–262
EN
The article deals with the contemporary study of religiosity. The author addresses two core questions of the sociology of religion: what methods are appropriate for the study of religiosity, and what factors affect religiosity? Regarding the first question, contemporary multidimensional studies are described. The author emphasises the limitations of the quantitative method of scales and analyses the criteria of religiosity used in those studies. Considering the factors that affect religiosity and based on Robert Bellah’s theory of religious evolution and Peter Berger’s biographical approach, the author suggests that the historical, cultural, sociopolitical and biographical context should be taken into account in order to better understand the phenomenon of religiosity. Considering the limitations of quantitative methods, it is suggested that they be combined with qualitative methods. Special attention is paid to the studies carried out in the former Soviet Union.
EN
Becoming a retiree is a multidimensional and diverse process, the experience of which constructs identity as well as impacts people’s quality of life after ending the longest phase of their life, namely professional work. The aim of the study is to describe what the retirement meant for individuals during the communist period. The empirical material was based on 12 contest memoirs constituting an emotional, subjective, and extensive descriptions of the lived experience of becoming a retiree in the social context of the reality of the Polish People’s Republic. The material was coded, analyzed, and interpreted in order for the process patterns to be reconstructed. The emerging collections of common experiences were juxtaposed with the results of Bruno Synak’s research based on a sample of 284 young retirees who retired on average six years later than the authors of the said diaries. The study shows a wide range of meanings, subjective opinions, and the models identity changes from an employee to a retired person, all of which are embedded in the culture of social realism.
PL
Stawanie się emerytem jest procesem wielowymiarowym i różnorodnym, którego sens doświadczenia konstruuje tożsamość oraz wpływa na jakość życia ludzi po zakończeniu najdłuższej fazy ich życia – pracy zawodowej. Cel badania to opisanie, czym było dla jednostki przejście na emeryturę w okresie PRL. Materiał empiryczny stanowiło dwanaście pamiętników konkursowych, które są subiektywnym, emocjonalnym i obszernym opisem przeżytego doświadczenia stawania się emerytem w społecznym kontekście rzeczywistości PRL-u. Materiał został poddany kodowaniu, analizie i interpretacji w celu wyłonienia wzorów procesu. Zbiory wspólnych przeżyć zostały zestawione z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych przez Brunona Synaka na próbie 284 młodych emerytów, którzy przeszli na emeryturę średnio sześć lat później niż autorzy pamiętników. Badanie pokazuje wiele znaczeń, subiektywnych osądów, modeli zmiany tożsamości z pracownika w emeryta, które osadzone są w kulturze realizmu socjalistycznego.
EN
Natural environments such as arable lands, lakes, the sea, forests and savannahs are not only places for living and supporting the livelihoods of people, they constitute contexts of significance for sustainability. On the one hand, the study of the knowledge that people generate about their local natural environments has mainly been characterised by romantic views and false assumptions of learning, and more specifically knowledge generation (acquisition), as a merely social or collective process within social-ecological systems literature. It has led to unequal power relationships between different types of knowledge (scientific and experiential) as they were totally separated in human cognition development and structure, and professional knowledge and practices. On the other hand, there is limited interest in the study of professional learning among local communities having natural environments as their living and workplaces within adult educational research. Based on the empirical study of Swedish fishers and farmers, this article contributes to further development of approaches and methods for the understanding of biocultural learning or professional learning in and about nature. It answers the research questions of how the study of biocultural learning benefits from using a biographical approach and a variety of data collection methods, and how individual and social circumstances impact biocultural learning. Findings contrast the previous research literature on local ecological knowledge, and lead to reflections about the role of adult education research for the development of theories and methods for sustainability research and practices.
PL
Środowiska naturalne, takie jak grunty orne, jeziora, morza, lasy i sawanny, są nie tylko miejscem życia oraz pozyskiwania środków do życia przez ludzi, ale stanowią także konteksty istotne z punktu widzenia zrównoważonego rozwoju. Z jednej strony badania wiedzy tworzonej przez ludzi na temat ich lokalnego środowiska naturalnego charakteryzowały się głównie romantycznymi poglądami i fałszywymi założeniami, prezentowanymi w literaturze dotyczącej systemów społeczno-ekologicznych, zakładającymi, że uczenie się, a dokładniej generowanie (nabywanie) wiedzy, stanowi proces wyłącznie społeczny lub kolektywny. Doprowadziło to do nierównego stosunku sił między różnymi typami wiedzy (naukowej i empirycznej), ponieważ były one całkowicie rozdzielane w ramach rozwoju i struktury ludzkiego procesu poznawczego oraz wiedzy i praktyki zawodowej. Z drugiej strony, w badaniach nad edukacją dorosłych występuje ograniczone zainteresowanie edukacją zawodową w społecznościach lokalnych, w których miejscem życia i pracy jest środowisko naturalne. Opierając się na badaniach empirycznych dotyczących szwedzkich rybaków i rolników, artykuł ten przyczynia się do dalszego rozwoju podejść i metod, służących lepszemu zrozumieniu uczenia się biokulturowego lub edukacji zawodowej w i o środowisku przyrodniczym. Odpowiada on na pytania, jakie korzyści badania nad uczeniem się biokulturowym czerpią z podejścia biograficznego i różnorodnych metod gromadzenia danych, a także, jak warunki indywidualne i społeczne wpływają na uczenie się biokulturowe. Wyniki badań kontrastują z wcześniejszą literaturą naukową dotyczącą lokalnej wiedzy ekologicznej i prowadzą do refleksji na temat roli badań nad edukacją dorosłych w rozwoju teorii i metod badań i praktyki w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju.
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