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Neurotechnologie a jejich užití ve zdravotnickém právu

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Doležal T., Doležal A.
Časopis zdravotnického práva a bioetiky (Journal of Medical Law and Bioethics)
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 2
72-94
EN
In recent years, neuroscience has been increasingly making its way into law, to the extent that a new name for the field has emerged abroad, referred to as neurolaw. This area of law takes an interdisciplinary approach to different branches of law, focusing on human conduct in the light of new findings in neuroscience. In the Czech environment, however, neurolaw is neglected, despite the fact that the discussions that take place in this field seem to be directly crucial for some areas of law. In fact, neuroscience has cast doubt on the very philosophical foundations of criminal and civil law, especially in the area of the question of the existence of human freedom. This article focuses on selected interesting problems that neuroscience raises in the field of medical law.
CS
Neurověda se v posledních letech stále více prosazuje i do práva a to do takové míry, že se v zahraničí objevil název pro nový obor označovaný jako neuroprávo (neurolaw). Tato oblast práva využívá interdisciplinární přístup k různým odvětvím práva, přičemž se zaměřuje na lidské jednání ve světle nových poznatků v oblasti neurověd. V českém prostředí je ovšem neuroprávo opomíjeno a to přesto, že diskuze, které v této oblasti probíhají, se zdají pro některé oblasti práva přímo kruciální. Neurovědy totiž vystavily pochybnosti o samotných filosofických základech trestního i civilního práva, a to zejména v oblasti otázky existence lidské svobody. Tento článek se zaměřuje na vybrané zajímavé problémy, které neuroprávo přináší v oblasti medicínského práva.
2
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Dotazník životních stresorů (LSC-R) : výskyt stresorov u dospelých obyvateľov ČR a súvis so zdravím

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Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Poláčková Šolcová I., Heveriová M., Heveri M., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue Supplement_1
80-99
EN
Objective. The occurrence of traumatic events in childhood and during later life increases the incidence of many mental and somatic diseases. The lifetime impact of cumulative stressful events throughout life is very substantial. The aim of this study was to check selected psychometric parameters of the Czech version of the LSC-R, to assess the occurrence of life stressors in a representative sample of adult population in the CR and to determine associations between the occurrence of stressors, health, pain and problematic use of alcohol and nicotine. Sample and settings. A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the adult Czech population (N=1800, age 46.4, SD 17.4, 48.7% of men) collected data on the LSC-R. For convergent validity the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the CAGE-questionnaires were used. Results. In 80% of respondents at least one stressor and in 15% five or more stressors were found. The sociodemographic differences are discussed. People with problematic use of alcohol and nicotine experienced significantly more overall stressors, stressors that began before the age of 16 years old and more interpersonal violence in comparison with non-drinkers and nonsmokers. Confirmatory analysis showed satisfactory fit parameters for the created five-factor model, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Significant associations between scores on the LSC-R, physical and mental health, pain and the problematic use of alcohol and nicotine are discussed. Summary. The Life Stressor Checklist-Revised appears to be a clinically useful instrument for the detection of lifetime stressors and for research purposes in the context of planning prevention and therapeutic possibilities. Limitations. The LSC-R was the part of a larger battery and was placed in the last third.
SK
a2_Zhrnutie. Dotazník životních stresorů sa javí ako klinicky využiteľný nástroj na detekciu celoživotného výskytu stresorov a na výskumné účely v kontexte plánovania prevencie a terapeutických možností. Limity. Dotazník bol súčasťou väčšej batérie a bol zaradený v poslednej tretine dotazníkovej batérie.
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