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Dlaczego spopielarnia, a nie krematorium. O innowacjach alternatywnych inaczej

100%
Burkacka I.
Linguistica Copernicana
|
2011
|
issue 2(6)
179-194
EN
This article presents considerations on the function and nature of alternative innovations. They allow different description of reality, associated with different pragmatic connotations of words or with distancing from already existing cultural patterns. The new name focuses on the characteristics desired by language users that are indicated either in the word-formation basis (e.g. spopielić 'to incinerate'), or in the associations related to the primary meaning of the word (e.g. adopcja 'adoption', senior 'senior') or the typical connectivity (e.g. senior rodu 'family senior'). Some examples can be considered contemporary euphemisms, because they help avoid the taboos associated with the prohibition of using unpleasant, incorrect or undesirable words. Their persuasive function is though equally important: influencing the assessment of things and phenomena described and the change of people's attitudes (the fight using names is particularly evident in discussions about spalarnia 'incinerator' and krematorium 'crematory', or about being a person with no partner: osoba samotna 'lonely person', stary kawaler 'confirmed bachelor', stara panna 'old maid', singiel, singielka 'single person'). Such forms were created not only to give a choice (existence of alternative), but most of all to intentionally replace the existing words or connections, e.g. in many contexts, the expression osoba niepełnosprawna 'disabled person' has replaced the words kaleka or inwalida 'crippled person'.
2

Adaptacja zapożyczeń frazeologicznych w polszczyźnie na przykładzie zwrotu „zamiatać/zamieść coś pod dywan”

86%
Mycawka M.
Język Polski
|
2012
|
vol. 92
|
issue 3
162–173
PL
Wraz z wieloma zapożyczeniami leksykalnymi z języka angielskiego trafiły do polszczyzny kalki frazeologiczne. Jedną z nich jest zwrot „zamiatać/zamieść coś pod dywan”. Powyższy artykuł zawiera analizę sposobów przyswajania tego związku wyrazowego w polszczyźnie z uwzględnieniem licznych innowacji w jego budowie, składzie leksykalnym, semantyce i łączliwości. Sformułowane zostały także ogólniejsze wnioski na temat adaptacji obcych zapożyczeń w języku polskim.
EN
Among many lexical borrowings from English to Polish there have been some phraseological calques. The phrase "zamiatać/zamieść coś pod dywan" is one of them. In the article I investigate the way this phrase was incorporated into the Polish language and examine numerous variations in its construction, lexical components, semantics and collocability. Also, some more general conclusions on the adaptation of foreign phrases into Polish are formulated.
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