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1

КІЛЬКІСНА ОЦІНКА ФІЗИЧНОГО СТАНУ ХЛОПЦІВ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ З ВАДАМИ СЛУХУ ТА ЙОГО ДИНАМІКА ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ЗАСОБІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ

100%

Клапчук В.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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issue 3(57)

157-163

EN

A research purpose was to improve the physical condition of children of secondary school age with hearing defects through the use of physical rehabilitation. The complex method of physical rehabilitation is proposed and tested. It included medical physical culture, classical massage, balneotherapy, halotherapy and diet therapy. This technique is different in specificity of medical physical training elements that were used, the implementation of speed-strength exercises and instructional techniques of motor actions, the aerobic nature of the motor load and emotionality of the lessons. It proved its effectiveness; its introduction is prompted. Initial inspection of 2/3 students (67 ± 13%) of 10–12 years old with impaired hearing received a low score on the physical condition of morpho-functional indicators such as life index (the ratio of vital capacity in ml to the body weight in kg), power indicator (the ratio of brush kg of body weight in kg), double product (including heart rate and systolic blood pressure), Ruf’ye index and correspondence between body weight and stature. It was shown in the total score after evaluating each of those indexes. Thus, it can be noted that the technique of complex physical rehabilitation has a positive impact on the 10–12-year-old teens with impaired hearing. When the proposed course of comprehensive physical rehabilitation was completed, physical condition of only 3 boys remained below average, 9 of them had average physical condition, 2 of them was above average, and 1 of them was high. When we assess the obtained results by the criterion of signs, we found that the level of physical condition of 3 boys has not changed, while 12 – increased. The difference can be considered statistically significant in paired comparisons. The proposed method of complex physical rehabilitation can be recommended for use in children’s health centers and correctional institutions such as boarding schools to improve physical condition, the equivalent of which is physical (somatic) health of schoolchildren aged 10–12 with impaired hearing. In future it should be advisable to get a scientific foundation and to develop safe methods of testing the motor capacity for assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation sets with using various methods of physical rehabilitation for children with impaired hearing.

2

Dalsze losy 100 chłopców mających sprawy o kradzieże w wieku 10-11 lat

87%

Żabczyńska E.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1974

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issue VI

128-139

EN

1. This work presents the results of follow-up studies of the subsequent fate of 100 boys who had committed theft and as 10‒11-year-olds had in 1966 become the subject of research into problems involved in offences committed in childhood ‒ and what led up to them. At that time these boys were examined at the Prophylactic Centre of the State Grzegorzewska Institute of Special Education in Warsaw. All 10‒11-year-old boys charged at the Warsaw Juvenile Court were in turn brought within the scope of the survey. During research conducted in 1966 it was found that the majority (59%) of the 10‒11-year old boys examined were not first offenders and that 11% had even appeared previously in the juvenile court for theft. As many as half of the 10‒11-year-olds were retarded as school pupils. Examination as to knowledge acquired in school revealed that their ability to write was much below the average for their age; as many as 36% were poor or very poor readers. The teachers designated 80% of the boys examined as difficult pupils; approximately half of them ‒ as distinctly over-excitable and aggressive. Not less than 75% played truant, 29% stole in school. 28% of the boys investigated ran away from home. Having regard to the boys’ age, of significance is the relatively high percentage of them (24%) who were found to drink from time to time wine and even vodka. An intelligence test (WISC) revealed in the majority of cases (61%) a normal level of intelligence (with IQs above 90). 31% of them had IQs of 70-90, and in 8% the IQs below 70. The quite substantial percentage of dullness found in the children may be related to their school retardation, particularly in view of the significant dependence found between the lowered IQ and marked shortcomings in reading and writing. Of course, a lowered intellectual level may also have been caused, as environmental interviews showed, by considerable neglect of such children, a phenomenon with which we shall deal later. Psychiatric examination revealed neurotic disorders of personality in 47% ot the children examined. As many as 35% of them were brought up in broken families (semiorphans or divorced parents). 64% of the fathers were heavy drinkers and in addition 20% of the mothers of the same children indulged too freely in alcohol. In 62% of the families the relationship between the parents was unsatisfactory; 52% of the fathers were described by the mothers as “quicktempered and nervous”. In almost one-third of the families at least one member had committed offences and had been already convicted by acourt. It was found that 39% of the families had inadequate financial situation, unable to satisfy the child’s basic needs. In 23% of the families the children suffered from extreme neglect, and even the remaining families failed to give their children adequate care. Frequently, the children investigated (61%) were subjected to severe corporal punishment. It emerged that various negative factors, typical of the family atmosphere of the children examined, were more frequent in the case of those boys who had already stolen prior to their court appearance at the age of 10‒11. These factors included: being reared in broken families, excessive drinking by fathers, unsatisfactory relationship between parents, fathers irascible and nervous, court convictions against family members, extreme neglect of the children, subjection to severe corporal punishment. Those of the children examined who had already previously stolen also revealed more frequently than the others other disturbances in the process of socialization – they ran away from home and drank alcohol. In 1972, five years after the research outlined above, follow-up investigations were made with a view to establishing the subsequent progres of the 100 10–11-year-old boys studied, how they got on in school, whether they committed offences, and what was the atmosphere in their homes. After the next five years it was possible to divide the boys investigated into three groups: I – those not convicted during the period – only 30%; II – those who during the period had one or two court appearances (37%); and III – those who went most seriously astray, being convicted at least three times – as many as 33% of the total. (Boys charged on a further 6 occasions accounted for 12% of the total.) Juvenile thieves charged at the age of 10-11 reveal distinct tendencies to rapid recidivism. Although 29 of the boys were committed to educational institutions or approved schools, their school career showed further shortcomings. There was a marked increase in the percentage of retarded boys, one-third were at least two years behind, 40% did not complete primary school, although all of them should have done so (even allowing for a slight time lag). The process of demoralization is linked with intensified shortcornings as pupils – the most intensive shortcomings were observed in group III: those with the most convictions. At the end of the five years, crimes committed by the boys’ families were also found to have increased; the percentage of families in which fathers or brothers have been convicted was up to 44. Notable in the families of 50 boys was the developing incidence of crimes committed by brothers; in as many as 60% of these families brothers had been convicted, The type of crimes committed and the type of recidivism found among members of the family indicated that about one-third of the families belong to criminal environment. The boys from group III – those with the most convictions during the follow-up period – came much more often from such families and circles than those belonging to the remaining groups. The problem of youngsters charged in court at a very early age – 10-11 years old – is above all a problem of education and care. The fact that they were reared in unsatisfactory family environments favoured recidivism in these children during the five years of follow-up period, and an especially marked concentration of negative factors (excessive drinking on the part of the parents, offences committed by the father, absolute neglect of the children) was found in the families of the most severely demoralized lads of group III. Some symptoms of social maladjustment found already at the age of 10-11 were a significant prediction of further recidivism. Boys, who had already committed thefts prior to their arraignment at 10-11 years old were during the follow-up period much more frequently found among recidivists – notably among those of group III. These recidivists differed significantly from the remaining groups in having started to steal when very young. The repeated drinking of alcohol, already at the age of 10-11, was also significant for the prediction of further criminal conduct. Moreover, the recidivists, were more frequently found among those who at the age of 10-11 had run away from home. And among juvenile recidivists of group III, clearly indicated was a greater frequency than with the remainder of running away from home, even at so early age. It is of interest that the three groups of boys (I: without further convictions, II: with one or two court appearances and III: at least three times convicted) did not differ significantly in respect to the value of property stolen at the age of 10-11. But it emerged that recidivism was more frequent among boys investigated who at the age of 10-11 had been backward at school and among those in whom tests indicated an IQ below 90. Thus the problem of school teaching, the great gaps in knowledge and objective difficulties in learning are fundamental problems in early delinquency. This suggests the need for early identification of children experiencing various types of difficulties in school. Since the majority of the homes investigated were unable to guarantee the children conditions for normal development even during the pre-school period, and since the process of demoralization of the children examined had started very early, the present survey spot-lighted a category of families in which the appropriate child-care authorities simply must intervene at a very early stage. Such official intervention should be combined with detailed medical and psychiatric examinations of the children already during the pre-school period. The early spot-lighting of such homes is of fundamental significance in the prophylaxis of social maladjustment of youngsters

3

Wyniki badań 432 chłopców “nie uczących się i nie pracujących”

76%

Kołakowska-Przełomiec H.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1972

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issue V

32-83

EN

The boys examined in the l967/68 school year (the first year in which the educational authorities registered this category of youth) were older than the subjects in the following year. As has been already indicated, 43 per cent of the boys in 1967/68 had passed their 17th birthday, compared to only 23 per cent in 1968/69. It is worth noting, however, that the number of l5-year-olds was small, only 23 and 36 per cent respectively. Since only a third of all the subjects were at least 17 at the time of registration, the question of the employment of these boys in the period preceding their referral to vocational school is not worth entering into. The basic point is connected with the course of their school attendance – the degree to which the process of education at elementary school was disrupted and the length of time these boys had been out of school (among those who had completed the 7th grade and also those who had discontinued attendance at a normal vocational school). The surveys revealed the important fact that only a small percentage of the youth described as “out of school and out of work” had in actual fact been absent from school for a period of more than six months (including the summer holiday): in the two succeeding years the number of boys of this kind was 28 and 21 per cent, while the number who had no breaks in school attendance whatsoever was 33 per cent in the first year and as much as 77 per cent in the next. On the other hand, the process of education had been highly disturbed: among the subjects attending one-year vocational schools only 21 per cent had no record of retardation at elementary school, and barely one per cent in the two-year schools. Among the boys attending the one-year schools 28 and 24 per cent had dropped two years behind, and 11 and 18 per cent three years or more. The boys in the two-year schools who had completed only 4 - 6 grades were of course even more retarded: in 1967/68 retardation of two years was shown by 28 per cent and in 1968/69 by 45 per cent, and three years or more by 52 and 39 per cent respectively. As many as 70 – 80 per cent of all the subjects had been systematically truant from elementary school, and about two-thirds had long-lasting disciplinary difficulties. In considering these boys’ failures at school, attention should be given to the results of tests of their achievement level and of their scores in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. On the whole the subjects’ achievement level in mathematics differed markedly from that of a comparative sample of children in corresponding grades of elementary school. Bad marks in mathematics were scored by 62 and 64 per cent of the boys in the one-year schools and 83 and 86 per cent of the boys in the two-year schools. There were also considerable differences in achievement in Polish between the subjects and the control group. Particular emphasis should be given to the bad scores recorded in silent reading and comprehension tests not only by many of the boys in the two-year schools who had not completed the 7th grade but also by many of the boys in the one-year schools. This low achievement level in basic subjects was undoubtedly a serious obstacle to learning progress for the majority of the subjects, not only earlier at elementary school, but also at vocational school. Raven’s Progressive Matrices testing, first of all, reasoning ability revealed in 1967/68 a larger percentage of boys with low and very low scores than in the control group. The subjects in the one-year schools had better scores than the subjects in the two-year school. In the following year, 1968/69, however, the percentage with low and very low scores decreased, though it remained higher among the boys attending two-year schools than one-year schools. The Raven’s Progressive Matrices scores do not, however, explain all the reasons for the boys’ great degree of school retardation, since there was a fairly large group which had good and very good scores. Their failure at school must be connected with other factors than low reasoning ability. These may be deficiencies in other mental abilities, personality disorders, neglect at home, etc. In examining the degree of social maladjustment (the criteria were discussed earlier) of the boys surveyed in 1967/68 it was found that: 1) only 28 per cent of the boys could be judged seriously socially maladjusted; they displayed a number of symptoms of marked demoralization and committed offences (theft); 2) 35 per cent could be called moderately maladjusted: they had been out of school or out of work longer than six months, had been frequently truant, and some of them also displayed other symptoms of maladjustment of a less marked order: 3) a relatively large group (36 per cent) were boys who by and large displayed only symptoms of school maladjustment, and symptoms of demoralization only sporadically. It should be added that the number of seriously maladjusted boys was much smaller in the one-year schools (25 per cent) than among those who had not completed the 7th grade and had been placed in the two-year schools (33 per cent). It is worth drawing attention to the fact that boys with various Raven scores and various achievement levels in basic subjects can be found in similar percentages both among the group of boys only slightly socially maladjusted and the group of boys moderately or seriously maladjusted. However, the more socially maladjusted boys had worse home backgrounds than the others and no doubt suffered from greater personality disorders since they had already earlier caused more serious disciplinary problems. The greater degree of maladjustment among this groups of boys who had made bad progress at school was, therefore, affected by factors connected with personality and home background. It should be noted that 34 per cent of the subjects in 1967/68 and 33 per cent in 1968/69 came from broken homes. Fathers who were excessive drinkers (alcohol addicts among them) constituted 41 per cent of the total, and the number of brothers (over ten years of age) who displayed various symptoms of social maladjustment came to 30 per cent. Bad material conditions were found in almost half the homes of the subjects. The surveys revealed that the percentage of boys “out of school and out of work” who had appeared before juvenile courts was relatively small. Among the total number of subjects (432), only 28.4 per cent had been prosecuted before being directed to vocational school. In the period of attendance to vocational school and later a total of 39 boys were convicted, but only 14 of those had previous convictions. The percentage of boys brought to court rose only very slightly to 31.7 per cent, and it should be emphasized that the percentage of recidivists with three or more cases among the total number convicted came to only 24 per cent (including juvenile court appearances). A large majority of the subjects are therefore boys who were not seriously delinquent even though they displayed a whole series of symptoms of social maladjustment. The careers of the boys after placement in vocational schools are basically contingent on the degree of their social maladjustment, and only this, and not appearance in court, forms the proper criterion for assessing the difficulties encountered by efforts to normalize these boys. Although the subjects’ attendance at the vocational schools was not regular and there was a considerable degree of absenteeism from the practical training periods, while a large percentage (53 and 41 per cent in the two succeeding years) failed to complete the vocational course on time, follow-up studies showed that only a third of the subjects in 1967/68 and a fifth in 1968/69 had not subsequently continued their education or entered employment. These boys, in the case of whom attempts at rehabilitation had been wholly unsuccessful, did not exceed 25 per cent of the total of 432. Virtually all of them came from the group of subjects with serious prior social maladjustment who had long displayed advanced symptoms of demoralization.

4

Postawa ciała chłopców wiejskich z niedoborem i nadmiarem tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie

75%

Górniak K., Lichota M., Popławska H., Dmitruk A.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 2

163-176

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the body posture and arches of the feet of rural boys with deficiency or excess of body fat, and to compare these parameters with those of participants with normal adiposity. The study was conducted in 2008 among rural children and adolescents from Biała Podlaska Province. Adiposity and body posture of 589 boys aged between 7 and 18 years were analyzed. Three groups of boys, with deficiency or excess of adipose tissue and normal adiposity, were identified on the basis of percentile charts of percentage body fat. Body posture was examined with Posturometr-S device and classified according to Wolański’s typology modified by Zeyland-Malawka. Arches of the feet were determined with podoscope, according to Weissflog. Analysis of the prevalence of various types of body posture revealed that the kyphotic type was most frequent among boys with normal percentage of body fat. Balanced type of body posture was more prevalent among the participants with deficiency of body fat, and the lordotic type among those with excessive adiposity. Scoliosis was documented most often among boys with low percentage of body fat, and flat feet among those characterized by high adiposity.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena postawy ciała oraz wysklepienia stóp chłopców wiejskich z niedoborem i nadmiarem tkanki tłuszczowej na tle badanych o prawidłowej zawartości tej tkanki w organizmie. Badania przeprowadzono w 2008 roku wśród dzieci i młodzieży wiejskiej z powiatu bialskiego. Scharakteryzowano otłuszczenie i postawę ciała 589 chłopców w wieku 7-18 lat. Wykorzystując wartości centylowe tkanki tłuszczowej w procentach wydzielono 3 grupy chłopców: z niedoborem, z nadmiarem i o prawidłowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej. Postawę ciała oceniono przy pomocy Posturometru-S, określając typ postawy ciała wg metody Wolańskiego z uwzględnieniem modyfikacji Zeyland-Malawki. Wysklepienie stóp badano podoskopem, przy zastosowaniu metody Wejsfloga. Analizując częstość występowania poszczególnych typów postawy ciała można stwierdzić, że najwięcej sylwetek kifotycznych zaobserwowano u chłopców o prawidłowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej. Postawy równoważne dotyczyły w większym stopniu badanych z niedoborem, a postawy lordotyczne z nadmiarem tkanki tłuszczowej. Boczne skrzywienie kręgosłupa najczęściej stwierdzano u chłopców o niskim otłuszczeniu, natomiast płaskostopie u badanych o dużej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej.

5

Mužský element v hodové tradici na Uherskohradišťsku

75%

Tarcalová

Národopisný věstník

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2009

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vol. 26_(68)

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issue 2

27-35

EN

The oldest historical resources and records about “hody” (traditional feast organized on the occasion of dedication of a church to a patron saint) from the 19th and 20th centuries mention existence of parades and the special position of boys and men in the whole “Hody” festival. “stárci” (selected senior boys) played the principal role in the life of the youth in the villages of Uherskohradišťsko. They were the driving force of all cultural and social events in the village, the main organizers of “Hody”. They were elected by “chasa” (all senior youth) for one year and they acquired certain rights and duties. the election of “stárci” was a great ceremony and a matter of prestige for the male youth. “stárci” had special attributes out of which “právo” (a wooden stick decorated with flowers, ribbons and spangles) was the most important one. Until the mid-20th century, girls did not take part in the “Hody” parade at all. It was performed solely by boys and married men. one evening was reserved for the married men. As part of the entertainment, they also had priority to a solo dance. In this way, “stárci” showed respect of the community of unmarried youth to married men who helped them to prepare “Hody”. The role of “stárci” has decreased within the last one hundred years, nonetheless it is still dominant. The boys are still conscious of the importance of this function.

6

Czy istnieje problem seksualizacji chłopców i mężczyzn?

63%

Dobosz, D., Front-Dziurkowska K.

Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

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2017

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vol. 16

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issue 3

83-102

PL

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problem seksualizacji chłopców i mężczyzn. Większość dotychczasowych raportów oraz opracowań traktuje o tej problematyce w odniesieniu do kobiet i dziewczyn, m.in. ze względu na ograniczoną ilość danych opisujących to zjawisko z perspektywy drugiej płci. Artykuł ma charakter przekrojowy, przedstawiono w nim następujące zagadnienia: komercjalizację męskiego ciała, wyidealizowanie męskiej sylwetki i sposoby portretowania męskiej seksualności przez media, wzorce męskości w pornografii oraz konsekwencje tych zjawisk. W opracowaniu wykorzystano liczne dane ukazujące aktualny stan wiedzy na prezentowany temat.

EN

This article is intended to signal the sexualisation of boys and men. Most of the reports and studies to date deal cover this issue relating to women and girls, i.a. due to the limited amount of data describing this phenomenon from the perspective of the other sex. The presented text is cross-sectional, showing the following topics: commercialisation of the male body, idealised male silhouette and ways of portraying male sexuality through the media, masculinity patterns in pornography, and the consequences of the abovementioned phenomena. Numerous data have been used to illustrate the current state of knowledge on the subject.

7

Zmiany w sprawności motorycznej wśród uczniów klas i-III ze środowiska wiejskiego w województwie śląskim w latach 1999-2012

63%

Rodziewicz-Gruhn J., Szymanek M., Połacik J.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 2

107-120

EN

The aim of the paper was to determine the level of motor development and changes in motor performance in children from rural areas from Częstochowa region (Silesia Province) examined in the years 1999 and 2012. The research included boys and girls aged 7-9 from primary schools in Wręczyca Wielka Commune in Kłobuck County (Silesia Province). The first study was conducted in November in the school year 1999/2000 and embraced 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys); the same number of students – 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys) – was examined in the school year 2012/2013. The evaluation of motor performance was done on the basis of Zuchora Physical Fitness Index following the instructions included in the manual. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and arithmetic means and measures of spread were calculated. In order to determine the directions and scope of changes in motor performance the 2012 study results were normalized to the results obtained in 1999. The assessment of the significance of differences was made with the help of t Student test. In the years 1999-2012 unambiguous significant changes in the level of motor performance in particular age groups were not observed in girls and boys aged 7-9 from rural areas. The observed changes in motor structure refer to the progress of results in agility tests and abdominal muscle strength tests as well as regression in speed in the case of girls. Other results were at similar level. In the case of boys, the authors reported a decrease in the level of results obtained in speed tests and tests of muscle strength of the arms. Whereas similar results were obtained in strength tests, abdominal muscle strength tests and jumping ability tests. The improvement in flexibility skills was also observed.

PL

Celem niniejszego opracowania było określenie poziomu rozwoju motorycznego i zmian występujących w sprawności motorycznej dzieci ze środowiska wiejskiego z regionu częstochowskiego (woj. śląskie) badanych w latach 1999 i 2012 . W badaniach uczestniczyli dziewczęta i chłopcy w wieku 7 - 9 lat ze szkół podstawowych w gminie Wręczyca Wielka w powiecie kłobuckim (woj. śląskie). Pierwsze badanie zostało przeprowadzone w listopadzie w roku szkolnym 1999/2000 i objęto nim 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców), podobnie kształtuje się liczba badanych w roku szkolnym 2012/2013 - 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców). Sprawność motoryczną badanych oceniono w oparciu o próby Indeksu Sprawności Fizycznej Zuchory stosując się do zaleceń zawartych w instrukcji. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej wyliczając średnie arytmetyczne i miary rozsiewu. W celu określenia kierunków i rozmiarów przemian w sprawności motorycznej wyniki badań z roku 2012 unormowano na rezultaty uzyskane w 1999 roku. Oceny istotności różnic dokonano przy pomocy testu t- Studenta. W latach 1999-2012 u dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku 7-9 lat pochodzących ze środowiska wiejskiego nie odnotowano jednoznacznych istotnych zmian w poziomie sprawności motorycznej w poszczególnych grupach wieku. Zaobserwowane zmiany struktury motoryczności w przypadku dziewcząt dotyczą progresu rezultatów w próbach gibkości i siły mięśni brzucha oraz regresu w szybkości. Pozostałe wyniki były na zbliżonym poziomie. W przypadku chłopców, odnotowano obniżenie się poziomu wyników uzyskanych w próbach : szybkości i siły mięśni ramion, zbliżone wyniki uzyskano natomiast w próbach wytrzymałości, siły mięśni brzucha, skoczności. Odnotowano również poprawę zdolności gibkościowych.

8

Trendy sekularne w rozwoju fizycznym i sprawności motorycznej chłopców w wieku szkolnym ze środkowo-wschodniego regionu Polski w latach 1986-2016

63%

Wilczewski R., Wilczewski A.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2018

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vol. 44

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issue 2a

174-192

EN

The article aims to assess changes in the physical development and fitness in boys from central-eastern Poland. The studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 and involved 4995 boys aged 7-18. The obtained data were compared with the results of the studies con-ducted in 1985 and 1986 and with national averages. On the basis of the comparison, the authors revealed the secular trend in body height by 5.26 cm (1.88 cm per decade) and in body mass by 6.36 kg (2.12 kg per decade), and a significant decrease in the level of motor skills (the International Physical Fitness Test). The authors worry about the observable decrease in physical fitness, especially in the youngest age groups (ages 7-13), and its deterioration compared to other peers in various regions of Poland.

PL

Celem prezentowanej pracy jest ocena zmian w rozwoju fizycznym i sprawności chłopców ze środkowo-wschodniego regionu kraju. Badaniami zrealizowanymi w 2015 i 2016 roku objęto 4995 chłopców w wieku 7-18 lat. Otrzymane wyniki zestawiono z rezultatami badań wykonanych w latach 1985 i 1986 oraz normami ogólnopolskimi. Na tej podstawie stwierdzono wysoki trend sekularny wysokości ciała 5,26 cm (1,88 cm na dekadę) i masy ciała 6,36 (2,12 na dekadę) oraz wyraźne obniżanie poziomu zdolności motorycznych (Międzynarodowy Test Sprawności Fizycznej). Z niepokojem obserwujemy obniżanie się poziomu sprawności fizycznej zwłaszcza w młodszych grupach wieku (7-13 lat) i pogarszanie się relacji w odniesieniu do rówieśników z innych regionów kraju.

9

Zdrowotność stylu życia uczniów szkoły zawodowej we Wrocławiu

63%

Łazorczyk M., Domaradzki J.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2015

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vol. 48

127-136

EN

Background. Lifestyle has the biggest impact on human health. It is a set of everyday human behaviors, the standard responses and certain personality traits. Material and methods. The material includes survey data of 54 male students (aged 16) attending a vocational school in Wroclaw. The survey was conducted in April 2012. The self-made questionnaire adopted in the study was self-contained and consisted of questions relating to the boys’ lifestyle, participation in physical education lessons and extra-curricular activities, regular workouts, nutrition and ways of spending free time. Statistical analysis included calculation of: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Spearman’s correlation and percentages, taking into account the analysis of selected sports. Results and conclusions. The vast majority of 16-year-old boys associated a healthy lifestyle with physical activity and healthy food. The majority of respondents see the need for physical activity. It is manifested by their regular participation in physical education lessons, and quite often, in extra-curricular activities.

10

Chłopcy – nowi opresjonowani? Zwrot w genderowych badaniach edukacyjnych

63%

Kopciewicz L.

Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja

|

2015

|

vol. 18

|

issue 2(70)

37-53

EN

In this paper the author provides an overview of the debates “about the boys” in United Kingdom, United States and Australia. The ways in which these debates have emerged are discussed to highlight the type of polemic which continues to inform about the moral panic surrounding the issues of boys who have acquired the status of the “new disadvantaged”. The author explores how the issue has been portrayed as an educational crisis of the nineties and how this problem has been attributed to the impact of feminism. The most important part of the paper focuses on an anti-feminist backlash rhetoric and its impact on debates about boys’ education.

PL

W niniejszym artykule autorka skupia się na przeglądzie debat „o chłopcach” z Wielkiej Brytanii, ze Stanów Zjednoczonych i z Australii. Omawia przyczyny pojawienia się tych debat oraz podkreśla ten rodzaj polemiki, która nieprzerwanie informuje o moralnej panice dotyczącej kwestii chłopców, którzy nabyli status „nowych opresjonowanych”. Autorka bada przyczynę przedstawiania tego zagadnienia jako kryzysu edukacyjnego lat 90. XX wieku oraz to, jaki wpływ ma na niego feminizm. Najważniejsza część tego artykułu koncentruje się na retoryce ostrego sprzeciwu antyfeministycznego i jego wpływu na dyskusje na temat chłopięcej edukacji.

11

Młodzież nie przystosowana społecznie (badania katamnestyczne)

55%

Ostrihanska Z., Wójcik D.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

1989

|

issue XVI

141-188

EN

The paper presents further fates of socially maladjusted children from Warsaw elementary schools in the period from 1976-1978 (when they were examined for the first time) till 1985 (when they were interviewed again and their criminal records were checked). The children to be included in the study had been indicated by their teachers due to intense and cumulated symptoms of social maladjustment (though nor necessarily offences). The following acts were found to be symptoms of maladjustment: regular truancy, loitering, running away from home; contacts with demoralized peers; thefts; drinking of alcohol; sexual depravation; vandalism; aggressive behaviour. Further fates of those examined persons were compared with the fates of their non-maladjusted classmates whose fathers, socio-professional status was the same as in the basic group. Four to six years passed from the initial interview till the catamnesis. Criminal records were checked for a period of about seven years. During the first study, boys from both groups were aged 10-16; accordingly, they were aged 16-24 during the follow-up period. The second study included 243 maladjusted boys, with the control group of 139, while 262 and 151 boys respectively had been examined during the first study. Longitudinal studies of social maladjustment are very important, as they render it possible to appraise the initial symptoms of social maladjustment and to define their prognostic value. Such studies also make a discrimination possible between transitory difficulties which are frequently related to a definite stage of the child’s development, and behavior that requires specialistic treatment . Moreover, basing of such studies, the quality and results of interventions taken towards the socially maladjusted youth can be appraised. The follow-up study was aimed at answering the following questions: a) What - if any were the changes of family situation of boys from both groups ? b)What were the further fates of the socially maladjusted boys as compared with member of the control group? In particular, did they finish elementary school, did they continue their education, what secondary school did they choose and did they finish that school? c) Do those out of school work? What profession are they in? Are they satisfied with that profession and the work they perform? d) What are the leisure habits of the examined boys? e) What are the drinking habits, delinquency, and criminal records of the socially maladjusted boys as compared with their peers from the control group ? In both groups, the examined persons family situation underwent various changes during the catamnesis, and so did the relations between them and their parents. The changes consisted mainly in 42.8 per cent of the maladjusted boys staying temporarily away from which frequently resulted from the court's or educational authorities decisions to send them to educational or correctional institutions. Boys from the control group usually spent the entire follow-up period at home. The two groups differed as regards their family environments, those of the socially maladjusted boys being much less favourable. These differences grew during the follow-up period as regards many factors (broken home, the fathers irregular employment or lack of permanent job, excessive drinking). Also the school situations clearly differentiated the two-groups both in the first study and during the follow-up period. At the moment of the second examination, only one boy from the control group was still going to elementary school, while there were as many as 40 (16.5 per cent) of such boys among those socially maladjusted. This proportion seems very large the fact considered we deal here with young persons whose intellectual development is normal, and with the educational level necessary for the individual’s future professional activities and participation in the country’s social and cultural life . (The fact should also be stressed here that in the first study, nearly half of the socially maladjusted boys were in standard VII at the very least, and thus not far from finishing school). As shown by our study, the chances for learning and finishing elementary school later in life are extremely poor. All members of the control group and two-thirds of the socially maladjusted boys learned on after finishing elementary school. It appeared that those from the basic group not only continued education less frequently (this fact being related to their educational backwardness), but also changed and left schools (35.1 per cent) much more frequently than boys from the control group (21.1 per cent). It seems, however, that changing and leaving school takes place very often in the control group, too. This testifies to learning difficulties of elementary school graduates and to their frequent mistakes in choosing the line and type of education. It is worth mentioning here that, in the light of the examined persons statements, the institutions assigned to render professional guidance to young persons influenced their decisions to a minimal degree only. At the moment of follow-up interviews, as many as 162 socially maladjusted boys and only 35 members of the control group were already out of school. Less than a half (46.9 per cent) of the former finished elementary school, while nearly all (97.6 per cent) of those from the control group who were not learning anymore managed to reach that educational level. The secondary schools which the socially maladjusted boys who were not learning anymore finished were frequently (in 35.5 per cent of case) shortened courses. The examined persons often left elementary school defeated and hostile towards it; they had no professional aspirations and acceptable leisure habits. Our findings seem to demonstrate that elementary school and the associated institutions frequently fail confronted with difficult children from negative families. An appraisal of the examined persons, employment is difficult due to their different life situations and ages. Among those employed from the control group there was a greater number of apprentices as compared with the socially maladjusted group (where apprentices constituted 5-per cent only of those employed). Nearly half of those from the basic group (46.4 per cent) were skilled workers, and 44.3 per cent performed manual work that required no professional qualifications. Thus in nearly half of the cases, when starting on their professional careers, socially maladjusted boys had no chance to train in a profession. The two groups also differ greatly as regards professional aspirations and their fulfillment. The socially maladjusted boys had no particular professional plans in a greater proportion of cases (27 per cent) than members of the control group (7 per cent). Asked whether the professional plans they hand on finishing elementary school ever came true , nearly half (48 per cent) of the socially maladjusted answered in the negative, and just 20 per cent-in the affirmative. The respective proportions were reversed In the control group: 53 per cent of affirmative and 30.7 per cent of negative answers. Generally speaking, those employed are not pleased with their earnings. Asked about the wages which which satisfy them, they frequently mentioned sums several times higher than what they were paid. The fact is worthy of notice that those who finished a secondary school are not at all those who earn most. As shown by the analysis of the examined persons, leisure habits, the socially maladjusted are more passive in this respect, their leisure activities being less diversified and restricted to having fun and social contacts only. The leisure habits they follow create frequent opportunities to drink alcohol, and some of their activities (like a game of billiards or cards) make it necessary for them always to have money which they would spend on such games. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the examined persons drinking habits: during catamnesis, 43.1 per cent of the socially maladjusted and 25.1 per cent of members of the control group drank alcohol (vodka or wine) at least once a week and or drank larger amounts on one occasion (i. e. more than 200 cl. Vodka or 600 cl. wine). the respective proportions of teetotalers (according to their own and their mothers statements) were 15.7 and 19.6 per cent. The boys who had drunk repeatedly in the first study were also found to drink regularly during the follow-up period, while a considerable proportion of those who had abstained from alcohol before drank only seldom and small amounts later on, too. An opinion is thus justified that repeated drinking by children and young persons, if it stars at a young age (and particularly if it accompanied by other symptoms of social maladjustment), is not a transistory phenomenon but develops into a relatively persistent lifestyle and leisure habit with time, those affected following that habit in the company of similarly oriented peers. In the first study, repeated drinking coexisted with other symptoms of social maladjustment, such as truancy, running away from home, stealing etc. As shown by the analysis of such persons further life situation, their attitude towards and extent of drinking does not change with time as a rule, instead, their drinking habits grow more excessive and are related, like before, to disturbed socialization. Moreover, regular drinking is related to other negative factors as well. Excessive drinkers among those socially maladjusted frequently failed to finish school; is they succeeded after all, it was usually a year or more later than their peers. This fact negatively influenced their chances to learn on and to train in a profession. Among such boys there was also a greater proportion of those who neither learned nor worked during the catamnesis (p<0.05). Stealing was also more frequent among them (p<0.001), and so were contacts with peers who committed thefts (p<0.01) and who drank regularly (p<0.02), as well as drug abuse (p<0.05) and self-mutilations (p<0.02), committed more frequently as compared with the remaining socially maladjusted boys. Also in the control group, boys who drank during the fallow-up period stole (p<0.01), belonged to regularly drinking peer groups (p<0.001), and stayed out of school and work (p<0.01) more frequently than others from that group. Therefore, regular drinking renders difficult such examined persons proper start into adult life. As regards criminal records, the group of socially maladjusted proved to be differentiated. This concerns both the initial stage of our study when one-third of those boys had already had cases at family courts, and the follow-up period when the percentage of those with criminal records went up to 55.8. As many as 30 per cent of the examined persons had cases at criminal courts after the age of 17, and every fourth of those who had cases at courts (both family and common courts) had been convicted at least four times. Despite the differentiation, the data concerning criminal records are rather alarming, the extent of delinquency gradually becoming higher during the seven years of catamnesis. If we compare socially maladjusted boys who never had any cases at court with those previously convicted, the number of convictions taken into account, these two groups prove to differ not only as regards their respective careers in this regards. It appears that various negative factors found both in the examined persons themselves and in their families and peer groups are more frequent in those previously convicted and repeatedly convicted as compared with those. who have no criminal record. Fathers of the former have their own criminal records more frequently, and the boys themselves more often have stealing and drinking friends. They also reveal a greater number of various symptoms of social maladjustment; during the follow-up period, more of them neither learned nor worked, and more failed to finish elementary school or only finished it behind time. As follows from our study social maladjustment when going to elementary school does not necessarily determine such young persons' further demoralization. The group of socially maladjusted boys is highly diversified in many respects. At the same time, it also differs greatly from the control group, being much worse: those socially maladjusted reach a lower educational level and wages, are more displeased with their own lives, and more excessive in their drinking habits, and also commit offences and have cases at court more frequently. The extent of maladjustment found in that group seems rather large which manifests among others the small range and poor effectiveness of preventive actions taken towards the examined persons by the competent educational institutions.

12

Specyfika przystosowania społecznego uczniów zdolnych

51%

Anisimova O.

Student niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy

|

2016

|

issue 16(9)

109-115

EN

The article discusses the theoretical views and empirical evidence about the features of social adaptation of gifted students. Describes the indicators of mental development of gifted students and their level of social adaptation. The article also discusses the features of smart indicators for gifted children with reference to gender peculiarities.

PL

W artykule omówiono aspekty teoretyczne i dowody empiryczne dotyczące adaptacji społecznej uzdolnionych uczniów. Autorka opisuje wskaźniki rozwoju psychicznego uczniów zdolnych oraz ich poziom adaptacji społecznej, także w zależności od płci.

13

Effects of judo participation in children: a systematic review

45%

Gutierrez-Garcia C., Astrain I., Izquierdo I., Gomez-Alonso M. T., Yague J. M.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

|

2018

|

vol. 18

|

issue 4

63-73

EN

Background and aim. Judo is a popular sport worldwide. It was created as a means for holistic education and it is regularly practiced by hundreds of thousands of youngsters. This systematic review is aimed at summarizing the evidence on the physical, physiological/ motor and social/psychological effects of judo participation in children. Methodology. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P protocol. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SportDiscus, Web of Science, DOAJ, LILACS and SCIELO databases were consulted for document retrieval by using the terms “judo” and “child” and other related terms, and the snowballing technique was also used. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The studied variables were study type and aims, sample, interventions and procedures, measurements and outcomes. Results. Nine studies, all cohort studies, were selected for inclusion. Judo participation improved participants’ arms bone mineral and fitness in variables such as flexibility, muscular endurance or agility, and also avoided the increase of their subcutaneous fat levels, but did not prove to be superior to participation in other sports. On the contrary, judo participants showed higher levels of anger that their peers. Conclusion. Research in this field is sorely lacking. Judo participation can be of help in achieving the World Health Organization’s suggested standards on physical activity for health, but special attention should be paid at the psychological outcomes of this participation as negative effects on anger have been reported.

PL

Tło i cel. Judo to sport popularny na całym świecie. Został stworzony, jako sposób holistycznej edukacji i jest regularnie praktykowany przez setki tysięcy młodych ludzi. Niniejszy przegląd systematyczny ma na celu podsumowanie dowodów na fizyczne, fizjologiczno-motoryczne i społeczno-psychologiczne skutki uczestnictwa w zajęciach judo dzieci. Metody. Przegląd przeprowadzono zgodnie z protokołem PRISMA-P. Skorzystano także z zasobów Biblioteki Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SportDiscus, Web of Science, DOAJ, LILACS i SCIeLO posługując się wyszukiwaniem słów “judo” i “dziecko” oraz innych pokrewnych terminów, a także zastosowano technikę nielosowego doboru próby tzw. metody kuli śnieżnej. Do oceny jakości wybranych badań wykorzystano Skalę Newcastle-Ottawa. Badane zmienne obejmowały rodzaj i cele badania, dobór próby, interwencje i procedury, pomiary i wyniki. Wyniki. W analizie uwzględniono dziewięć badań, były to wszystko badania kohortowe. Uczestnictwo w treningach judo poprawiło kondycję kości ramiennej uczestników i sprawiło, że zmienne, takie jak elastyczność, wytrzymałość mięśni czy zręczność, również pozwoliły uniknąć wzrostu poziomu podskórnej tkanki tłuszczowej. Udział w zajęciach judo nie okazał się lepszy we wszystkich aspektach od udziału w innych sportach. Przeciwnie, adepci judo wykazywali wyższy poziom gniewu niż ich rówieśnicy. Wniosek. Ilość badań w omawianej dziedzinie jest niewystarczająca. Uczestnictwo w zajęciach judo może być pomocne w osiąganiu zalecanych przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia standardów w zakresie aktywności fizycznej dla zdrowia, ale należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na wyniki psychologiczne, gdyż odnotowano negatywny wpływ na stan emocjonalny ćwiczących (gniew).

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Chłopcy – nowi opresjonowani? Zwrot w genderowych badaniach edukacyjnych

Młodzież nie przystosowana społecznie (badania katamnestyczne)

Specyfika przystosowania społecznego uczniów zdolnych

Effects of judo participation in children: a systematic review