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W poszukiwaniu „brakującego ogniwa”

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Tomczyk J.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

2003

vol. 1

issue 1

231-246

Eighty years ago Raymond A. Dart wrote the papers about Australopithecus africanus and decided to classify it as a “missing link". The creature from Taung represented an ultra-simian and pre-human stock. Therefore, he proposed a new family Homo - simiadae. Nowadays, scientists on the occasion of this anniversary publish, many papers about this event. They want to remind discussion about Taung's child and in homage to Raymond A. Dart. Surprisingly, the discussion which took place in the thirties and forties was an exact repetition of the earlier debate about Trinil's fossil! In 1890/91 Dubois had found already ancient fossils in Java which classified as Pithecanthropidae - this new family was an evolutionary "bridge" between apes and man. However, despite the fact that anthropologists wanted to find a “missing link” they rejected those interpretations! Some of them thought that fossil form Taung and Trinil belonged to a true ape. Whereas the others believed that remains should have been classified as a hominid family. Those two debates indicate one scheme of thinking: 1. theoretical view of “missing link”; 2. empirical researching; 3. taxonomic debate about fossil; and 4. rejecting the idea of “missing link”.

Metanaukowy kontekst problemu „brakującego ogniwa”

75%

Wagner M.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

2016

vol. 52

issue 2

131-153

The main theme of this work is the issue of transitional forms of biological evolution in its most well-known version, i.e., the problem of “missing link.” This problem frequently appeared in the deliberations of early Darwinists, but has been completely abandoned by modern evolutionists. The disappearance of the missing link issue from modern biology is often explained by the fact that the long-sought transitional forms have been found. Also this problem is considered to be unimportant, because it emerged as a consequence of the influence of various non-scientific factors. The aim of this study is to identify the causes that led to the change in the perception of the missing link problem. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between taxonomy and the way in which the problem in question was perceived. The philosophical theory of Paul Feyerabend serve to show how this relationship affected the missing link problem.

W pracy tej podejmowane jest zagadnienie form przejściowych ewolucji biologicznej w jej najbardziej znanej formie, czyli problemu „brakującego ogniwa”. Problem ten często pojawiający się w rozważaniach wczesnych darwinistów, został całkowicie zarzucony przez współczesnych ewolucjonistów. Zniknięcie kwestii brakującego ogniwa z zainteresowań współczesnej biologii tłumaczy się tym, iż poszukiwane formy przejściowe zostały już odnalezione. Sam zaś problem uważa się za nieistotny, gdyż spowodowany niekorzystnym wpływem różnych czynników pozanaukowych. Celem pracy jest wskazanie przyczyn, które doprowadziły do zmiany sposobu postrzegania owej problematyki. Szczególna uwaga zostanie poświęcona relacji taksonomii do sposobu, w jaki postrzegano poszukiwane brakujące ogniwa. Cały zaś problem brakującego ogniwa, jego przyczyny i zniknięcia, jest interpretowany jako wynik przemian metanaukowych, jakie zaszły w trakcie rozwoju taksonomii.

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Metanaukowy kontekst problemu „brakującego ogniwa”