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Józefa M. Bocheńskiego elementarz etyki wojskowej

100%
Niepsuj J., Andrzejuk A.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2020
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vol. 1
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issue 9
393-404
EN
Military ethics as one of a „special ethics” is built, according to Bocheński, on morally obvious right to self-defense and obligation to defend the closest people. It is related to patriotism understood as love of the country, love is a prominent value in defense of which man is willing to sacrifice his life. With regard to characteristics of a soldier Bocheński suggests the following shape of skills and virtues proper for a military job: of prime importance is bravery, connected rather with heroism and honour than with patience and persistence. Also, virtues demanded for the process of taking decision are, as Bocheński claims, key for all militaries regardless their rank, because even the lowest, a private soldier has to decide. When it comes to taking decision, the most essential is a set of skills and values which enable its accurate conduct. Apart from suitable knowledge and skills there are wisdom and prudence as the most important virtues in taking decision. The most significant virtues of superiors, according to Bocheński, are integrity and justice, generosity and humility. Integrity means respect for law. Justice regulates all human relations. Generosity is related to a task of being a superior, and always to some socially important good, furthermore, it is a task of a superior to guide toward that important good. Humility, hence, is a condition to judge themselves and the others properly, what is indispensable for managing people. Taking decisions and superiority are related to a question of military obedience. Ethical fundament of that obedience is common good, to which army is subordinated. That common good is a principle which joins efforts of both, superiors and subordinates. The first condition of obedience is conviction that all members of community serve the same common goal. Order received from a su-perior can be a decision held at one of its stage. There are situations when an order speaks only about the task of planned activity, or it can indicate a set of means available or it may just order so-me action. The virtue of obedience means that we do not question and ponder on particular stages of a process of decision performed by superior but proceed as effectively as possible until the task is fulfilled. In his military ethics Józef Bocheński promotes the ethos of Polish soldier as a knight, hence the spiritual culture is a matter of prime importance in the army. It is crucial to develop this culture within a proper, which is humanist, frame. Advanced development of military technology must be accompanied by a care for advanced moral development.
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Education to bravery – contemporary understanding and comparing bravery among adepts of selected martial arts

100%
Kozdraś G.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2022
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vol. 22
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issue 5
10-15
EN
Background. the contemporary perspective of martial arts as a process of education to values necessitates, in a way, a revision of the category of bravery, which is often confined by adepts of the martial arts solely to the concept of courage. The Polish social pedagogue Aleksander Kaminski, in his publication “The Birth of Bravery”, points out that the category of bravery should be seen as a fundamental energy in the service of moral values. In view of this, the question arises as to how to shape attitudes towards bravery among young people so that they meet the challenges of the modern world? Problem and Aim. the main objective of the research will be to describe how contemporary adepts of selected martial arts interpret and give meaning to the category of bravery. As the main problem of the research, I assumed the question: What significance does the value of bravery have for adepts of selected martial arts? Methods. the strategy used in addressing the research questions will be quantitative research. The main test method was a diagnostic survey. Within this method, I use a questionnaire survey addressed to practitioners of selected martial arts (judo, aikido, karate). I will present the results of the research in the form of descriptive statistics, (comparison of averages and percentages). Conclusion. the obtained research results show that each of the studied groups interprets courage slightly differently. However, the greatest importance of bravery among the martial arts studied is shown by the adepts of Aikido.
PL
Wprowadzenie. współczesne spojrzenie przez sztuki walki na proces wychowania do wartości, wymusza niejako rewizję kategorii dzielności, którą adepci sztuk walki często ograniczają wyłącznie do pojęcia odwagi. Polski pedagog społeczny Aleksander Kamiński w swojej publikacji „Narodziny dzielności” wskazuje, że kategorię dzielności należy postrzegać jako fundamentalną energię w służbie wartościom moralnym. W związku z tym pojawia się pytanie, jak kształtować postawy dzielności wśród młodych ludzi, aby sprostali oni wyzwaniom współczesnego świata? By móc odpowiedzieć na tak postawione pytanie w pierwszej kolejności istotne staje się opisanie tego, jak współcześni adepci wybranych sztuk walki interpretują i jakie nadają znaczenie kategorii dzielności. Problem i cel badań. głównym celem badań było zbadanie i porównanie tego w jaki sposób interpretowana jest kategoria dzielności przez adeptów takich sztuk walki jak: aikido, karate, judo. Jako problem główny badań przyjąłem pytanie: Jakie znaczenie dla adeptów wybranych sztuk walki ma wartość dzielności? Metodologia. strategią odpowiedzi na przyjęte problemy badawcze, były badania o charakterze ilościowym. Główną metodą badawczą jaką się posłużyłem był sondaż diagnostyczny. W ramach tej metody wykorzystałem kwestionariusz ankiety, skierowany do adeptów wybranych sztuk walki (judo, aikido, karate). Wyniki badań przedstawiam w postaci statystyki opisowej (porównanie średnich i procenty). Wyniki. z uzyskanych wyników badań wynika, że każda z badanych grup nieco inaczej interpretuje dzielność, jednak największe znaczenie tej kategorii w procesie wychowania przez sztuki walki, nadają adepci Aikido.
3
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O cnocie w Ikones książąt i królów polskich Jana Głuchowskiego

80%
Słomka vel Słomiński K.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2019
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vol. 2 (11)
35-52
EN
“Vitae Regum Polonorum” by Klemens Janicki (Clemens Ianicius) (1516–1543) based on the Polish tradition of describing Polish rulers. This genre flourishes at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The numerous translations and paraphrases of the Ianicius’ cycle were created then, including published in 1605, “Icones of Polish princes and kings” (“Ikones książąt i królów polskich”) by Jan Głuchowski (?–1604), who, based on the various rhetorical measures, repeatedly emphasized the role of virtue in the system of ruler’s values, and also formulated its definitions. It appears in the enumeration alongside other monarch attributes, but in different configurations. It also functions in the description of the ruler’s qualities as the culmination of other values. The definitions of virtue were built by Głuchowski using comparisons where he made tendecious associations, such as identification with a jewel. The highest value also appears in apophthegm formulations. Głuchowski most often drew on the proverbs that were popular in the literature at that time, modifying them to emphasize the content.
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