Search results

1

Keeping Abreast of the Multiple Biological, Cultural, and Psycho-Social Barriers to Breastfeeding in Modern Society

100%

Ping E.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

41-53

EN

Breastfeeding provides good-quality nutrition for babies and can be very beneficial for both mom and baby. However, modern women face many challenges in breastfeeding their babies that can be attributed to today’s ever-evolving cultural and psycho-social underpinnings. These multiple barriers to breastfeeding in today’s society hinder women from developing a good breastfeeding relationship with their babies. The various factors that prohibit initiation and prolonged breastfeeding however can be counteracted by examining the barriers to breastfeeding and finding reasonable methods for resolving the challenges. Twenty-first century women who desire to breastfeed can be successful at achieving their breastfeeding goals with greater support by society and by having more confidence in themselves.

2

Zmeny v prístupe k dojčeniu a starostlivosti o novorodenca na príklade dvoch generácií matiek

100%

Jágerová M.

Národopisný věstník

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2012

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vol. 29_(71)

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issue 2

16-32

EN

The changed socio-political conditions and transformation processes after 1989 had a significant impact on many spheres of life of our society. The text discusses these circumstances in connection with the issue of breastfeeding and its reflection from the perspective of mothers of two generations. The rise in popularity of breastfeeding and its preferences as the most appropriate method of nutrition in young children has been apparent for longer than adecade not only in Slovakia. This has been confirmed by works in the medical field as well as research on a specific sample of informants, on which the study is based. It attempts to reach an ethnological interpretation of the perception of breastfeeding by current mothers and women of an older generation. It confronts the attitudes of older women and current mothers towards breastfeeding and phenomena related thereto. It concludes that in recent years breastfeeding has been on the rise in comparison with the previous generation of mothers. The author considers the increased promotion of breastfeeding and the irreplaceability of breast milk in child nutrition to be the main factors contributing to this situation.

3

Prevalence and predictive factors for exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months among mothers attending Primary Health Care Centers in Cairo, Egypt

88%

Emara Z. A., Essam Eldin Amin G., Hamid D. M. A., Allam M. F.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2021

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issue 2

145-152

EN

Introduction. Although most organizations recommend breastfeeding for at least one year due to its well-known beneficial effects, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in many developing countries was quite low. Aim. To identify prevalence and predictive factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding in Primary Healthcare (PHC) Centers in Cairo, Egypt. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study, among mothers attended first six months immunization sessions in three PHC Centers were selected via a convenient sample, A total sample of 180 mothers, 60 from each PHC Center, were subjected to an interview questionnaire. The questionnaire used was previously validated and pre-tested. Data collection took the period from April to August 2019. Comparison between exclusive and nonexclusive breastfeeding according to possible risk factors was done. Results. The frequency of breastfeeding among the participants was 90.6%; however the total exclusive breastfeeding frequency was only 39.4%. Our logistic regression model showed that exclusive breastfeeding decreased with progressive increase in infant’s age (OR 0.74), and mothers with good knowledge about proper practice of breastfeeding adhered more to exclusive breastfeeding (OR 2.51). Also, it showed that, during working hours, mothers who fed their infants other than breast milk adhered less to exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.19). Conclusion. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is quite low. The predictive factors for exclusive breastfeeding are, younger infant’s age, good knowledge of the mothers about proper practice of breastfeeding, and mothers insisting on breastfeeding during working hours.

4

The effects of mother’s voice and white noise on APGAR scores of newborns and attachment processes – a randomized controlled trial

88%

Aközlü Z., Şahin Ö. Ö.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2022

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issue 2

176-184

EN

Introduction and aim. The present study aims to determine the effects of mother’s voice and white noise on newborns’ APGAR scores and attachment processes. Material and methods. The current study was a randomized controlled trial and concluded with 87 newborns and their mothers who had given elective cesarean section (mother voice=29; white noise=28; and control group=30). The mother voice and white noise groups were exposed to recordings, and the broadcast continued for five minutes. The APGAR scores and attachment indicators of newborns (eye contact, rooting, and latch-on) of all groups were examined by the Newborn Attachment Indicators Observation Form. Results. The 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores in control group were lower than mother voice (1st p=0.05; 5th p=0.001) and white noise (1st p=0.015; 5th p=0.002) groups. The rooting ratio was higher in mother voice and white noise than in the control group (p=0.004). The newborns in the control group had lower latching on rates than mother voice and white noise (p=0.002) groups. Both mother voice and white noise positively affected APGAR scores, rooting, and latching. However, only mother voice had a positive effect on all attachment indicators. Conclusion. Mother voice and white noise listened to by the newborns born with a cesarean section right after birth in their early-period care positively affect APGAR scores; furthermore, mother voice positively affects attachment indicators as first successful sucking time and eye-to-eye contact.

5

Mamki – najemne karmicielki w świetle literatury poradnikowej z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku

87%

Nawrot-Borowska M.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2014

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issue 31

85-111

EN

Wet nurses, i.e. hired breast-feeders of babies, were the subject matter of this research. It aims to systematize the advice that was formulated on the pages of “how-to” books regarding the search for, recruitment, and treatment of wet nurses in the homes of one’s charges. The specific duties of wet nurses that were especially expected of them are determined, as well as the errors most frequently committed in their performance, which the authors of how-to books described at length, in order to warn mothers against the incompetence of paid breast-feeders. A comparison of the views of authors of “how-to” books over nearly 70 years will allow us to determine a possible evolution of views regarding wet nursing. The “how-to” books on health, hygiene, and education from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century (the period approximately from 1850-1918), published in Polish areas and addressed mainly at families, especially mothers, form the source material for the research. The use of this type of literature will allow us to reconstruct the promulgated image of wet nursing without broader reference to providing help for them, which is worth confronting with the “how-to” recommendations, attempting to determine whether, and to what extent, they were reflected in everyday life (e.g. using epistolary or archival sources, and memoirs). Nevertheless, the authors of “how-to” books also referred to the practice of tending infants and young children, criticizing inappropriate behaviour of wet nurses, while the recommendations formulated by them were to remedy inappropriate behaviour occurring in reality. The issue of wet nursing has not hitherto been analysed in detail in Polish historiography. In recent years, though, a few texts or papers in which one can find more or less extensive information (the less extensive ones predominate) related to breastfeeding by wet nurses in the Polish areas in the Middle Ages, the period of Old Poland, or the partition period, have been published. Thus, it seems even more reasonable to explore this issue, which will help to fill a gap in the development of the history of breastfeeding, nursing, and tending infants and small children.

PL

Wet nurses, i.e. hired breast-feeders of babies, were the subject matter of this research. It aims to systematize the advice that was formulated on the pages of “how-to” books regarding the search for, recruitment, and treatment of wet nurses in the homes of one’s charges. The specific duties of wet nurses that were especially expected of them are determined, as well as the errors most frequently committed in their performance, which the authors of how-to books described at length, in order to warn mothers against the incompetence of paid breast-feeders. A comparison of the views of authors of “how-to” books over nearly 70 years will allow us to determine a possible evolution of views regarding wet nursing. The “how-to” books on health, hygiene, and education from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century (the period approximately from 1850-1918), published in Polish areas and addressed mainly at families, especially mothers, form the source material for the research. The use of this type of literature will allow us to reconstruct the promulgated image of wet nursing without broader reference to providing help for them, which is worth confronting with the “how-to” recommendations, attempting to determine whether, and to what extent, they were reflected in everyday life (e.g. using epistolary or archival sources, and memoirs). Nevertheless, the authors of “how-to” books also referred to the practice of tending infants and young children, criticizing inappropriate behaviour of wet nurses, while the recommendations formulated by them were to remedy inappropriate behaviour occurring in reality. The issue of wet nursing has not hitherto been analysed in detail in Polish historiography. In recent years, though, a few texts or papers in which one can find more or less extensive information (the less extensive ones predominate) related to breastfeeding by wet nurses in the Polish areas in the Middle Ages, the period of Old Poland, or the partition period, have been published. Thus, it seems even more reasonable to explore this issue, which will help to fill a gap in the development of the history of breastfeeding, nursing, and tending infants and small children.

6

Analiza czynników wpływających na powodzenie karmienia piersią.

75%

Żelazko K., Pałczyńska M., Ambrozik P., Przestrzelska M.

Współczesne Pielęgniarstwo i Ochrona Zdrowia

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2013

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issue 4

75-78

PL

Wstęp. Mleko matki jest wyjątkowym, niezastąpionym pokarmem, którego korzystny wpływ można obserwować w kolejnych latach życia dziecka. Karmienie piersią wpisuje się w obecny trend powrotu do ekologicznej, naturalnej żywności. Znaczenie ma też aspekt psychologiczny, jakim jest nawiązanie więzi między matką a dzieckiem i spełnienie się kobiety w roli matki.

EN

Background. Breast milk is a unique and irreplaceable food, which a significant and positive impact on infant health can be observed thorough the next years of child’s life. Breastfeeding meets with current trends of returning to natural and ecological feeding. The psychological impact of breastfeeding with the strong emotional bond that develops between mother and their baby is also important, as well as mother’s personal fulfillment.

7

Influence of socio-demographic factors on the breastfeeding period of women in Bangladesh: a polytomous logistic regression model

75%

Islam M., Afroja S., Biswas A., Khan M. S., Khandker S.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2019

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issue 3

223-229

XX

Background. In Bangladesh, terrible degradation in the breastfeeding period has occurred with rapid urbanization in recent years that is causing a shortage of child nourishment. Identifying the risk factors of breastfeeding duration is important for planning nutritional programs and strategies. Objectives. This study tries to identify influential demographic and socio-economic factors that affect the breastfeeding period for reducing child nutrition deficiency. Material and methods. The study attempts to proceed with data collected from an observational study entitled the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. The breastfeeding period (Ordinal exogenous variable) is classified into three groups: 0–5-months, 6–23 months and at least 24 months. Gamma, chi-square and linear-by-linear statistics are used to identify the associated factors that have an impact on the breastfeeding period. A test of parallelism is conducted to evaluate the proportional odds. The polytomous logistic regression (PLR) model and the proportional odds (PO) model are used to find the marginal effect of demographic and socio-economic predictors that affect the breastfeeding period. Results. Parental educational attainment, wealth index, division, religion, mother’s BMI, drinking water source, household members, amenorrhea and abstaining, respectively, are the most significant factors that influence the breastfeeding period. The PLR model is also more precise than the PO model for indicating the marginal effect among those vital factors for the breastfeeding period. Conclusions. PLR is an appropriate model to recognize the effect of predictors of breastfeeding duration instead of the PO model and other measures.

8

Women’s body image and breastfeeding/ Obraz ciała kobiet a karmienie piersią

75%

Broers B., Wawrzyniak J., Kubiec W.

Medical Science Pulse

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2017

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vol. 11(2)

31-34

EN

Only a small number of studies draw attention to the relationship between body image after pregnancy and during lactation with the decision to undertake and continue breastfeeding. Body image is a complex mental construct, which consists of: cognitive, emotional and behavioural components, and which is subject to change during the life of the woman. Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation affect the physicality of women, which is also reflected in the way of defining their body image. Dissatisfaction with own body can affect the decision to breastfeed or cause discomfort during breastfeeding. At the same time, undertaking breastfeeding can, through the hormones secreted at the time, positively influence the assessment of the woman’s body before and during pregnancy. The discovery of this relationship, and in the future indicating the precise correlation phenomena, could have a practical use in working with patients whether to breastfeed. By noticing and identifying an early onset of irregularities in the forming body image of a pregnant women, healthcare professionals can support those in need to build a real body image and positive attitude towards occurring changes and thus increase their comfort. Recognising and understanding the obstacles women experience on the road to breastfeeding, educators and professionals can create programs which consider a more complex, psycho-physical dimension of breastfeeding. Nieliczne z dotychczas przeprowadzonych badań naukowych zwracają uwagę na związek obrazu ciała kobiet po przebytej ciąży oraz w okresie laktacji, z ich decyzją o rozpoczęciu i utrzymaniu karmienia naturalnego. Obraz ciała jest złożonym konstruktem psychicznym, na który składają się komponenty: poznawczy, emocjonalny i behawioralny. Podlega on zmianom i przeformułowaniom w trakcie życia kobiety. Ciąża, poród i okres laktacji mają wpływ na fizyczność kobiety, co znajduje również swoje odzwierciedlenie w sposobie definiowania jej obrazu ciała . Dostępne w literaturze wyniki badań wskazują, że niezadowolenie z własnego ciała może mieć wpływ na decyzję kobiety o karmieniu piersią lub też być przyczyną jej dyskomfortu w trakcie tego doświadczenia. Jednocześnie, podejmowanie aktu karmienia piersią, za pośrednictwem wydzielanych w tym czasie hormonów, może pozytywnie wpływać na ocenę ciała kobiety sprzed i w trakcie ciąży . Odkrycie tej zależności, a w przyszłości wskazanie precyzyjnych zjawisk korelacyjnych, może mieć praktyczne zastosowanie w pracy z pacjentkami wahającymi się czy podjąć karmienie swojego dziecka piersią. Pracownicy służby zdrowia, zauważając i identyfikując jak najwcześniej nieprawidłowości w kształtującym się obrazie ciała ciężarnej kobiety, mogą wspierać ją w budowaniu realnego obrazu ciała i kształtowaniu pozytywnej postawy wobec zachodzących w nim zmian, a tym samym zwiększać jej komfort . Rozpoznając bariery kobiet na drodze do karmienia piersią, edukatorzy i specjaliści mogą tworzyć programy uwzględniające bardziej złożony psychofizyczny wymiar doświadczenia, jakim jest karmienie naturalne.

9

Karmienie piersią dziecka w miejscach publicznych a postawy kobiet i mężczyzn – komunikat z badań

75%

Hamerlińska A., Kotlęga E., Kamyk-Wawryszuk A.

Kultura i Wychowanie

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2018

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vol. 14

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issue 2

177-191

EN

This article concerns the attitudes of women and men towards natural feeding in public places. At the beginning, breastfeeding in the psychological and social aspects will be described. Then the phenomenon of attitudes will be explained. The article will present the results of research conducted in a group of one hundred people aimed at presenting the above-mentioned attitudes.

PL

Przewodnim tematem niniejszego artykułu jest karmienie naturalne w miejscach publicznych. Na początku zostanie opisane karmienie piersią w aspekcie psychologicznym i społecznym. Następnie wyjaśnione będzie zjawisko postaw. Artykuł stanowi komunikat z badań nad postawami kobiet i mężczyzn wobec karmienia piersią w miejscach publicznych.

10

Ocena poziomu wiedzy wśród kobiet rodzących pierwsze dziecko o zaletach karmienia naturalnego i deklarowanej długości karmienia piersią

63%

Marczyńska-Kołacz B., Szepieniec W. K., Szymanowski P.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2019

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issue 1

43-64

EN

Introduction: Proper nutrition is one of the most important feature of human health status. Concerning neonates and infants it is even more crucial. There are many organizations worldwide which aim on promotion of breastfeeding as an optimal method of feeding infants. The aim of the work was to assess the level of knowledge concerning the advantages of breastfeeding and declared duration of breastfeeding amongst primiparas. Materials and method: In the study participated 152 women after birth of their ﬁrst child. The research instrument was a questionnaire designed by the author. The obtained results were subjected to statistical and descriptive analysis using software STATISTICA (StatSoft 13.0). Results: Women who took part in the study have very diversified knowledge about natural feeding. 44.7% of mothers declared to continue breastfeeding for twelve months. 5.3% of women had to stop breastfeeding due to lactational issues. The study showed that women with secondary and higher education have greater knowledge and are willing to breastfeed for a longer period of time compared to the others. Conclusions: The level of knowledge concerning breastfeeding and declared duration of natural feeding correlate with educational background of interviewed women. Some women discontinue breastfeeding or choose mixed feeding when problems with lactation occurs. There is a great need for further promotion and education on breastfeeding especially amongst primiparas.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Prawidłowe odżywianie stanowi jeden z najważniejszych aspektów życia i zdrowia człowieka. Pod tym względem szczególne miejsce zajmuje żywienie niemowląt. Propagowaniem zdrowego żywienia małych dzieci na całym świecie zajmuje się wiele organizacji o zasięgu międzynarodowym oraz lokalnym, które jednomyślnie potwierdzają, że karmienie piersią jest optymalnym sposobem odżywiania najmłodszych. Celem pracy była ocena poziomu wiedzy wśród kobiet rodzących pierwsze dziecko o zaletach karmienia naturalnego i jego deklarowanej długości. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięły udział 152 kobiety po urodzeniu pierwszego dziecka. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki zostały poddane analizie statystycznej i opisowej z zastosowaniem programu STATISTICA (StatSoft 13.0). Wyniki: Kobiety biorące udział w badaniu posiadały zróżnicowaną wiedzę na temat karmienia naturalnego. Najwięcej matek – 44,7% – deklarowało chęć karmienia piersią do 1 roku, natomiast 5,3%, na skutek problemów laktacyjnych, zrezygnowało z karmienia piersią. Kobiety posiadające średnie i wyższe wykształcenie wykazywały większy poziom wiedzy i deklarowały chęć dłuższego karmienia piersią. Wnioski: Ankietowane kobiety posiadały zróżnicowany poziom wiedzy, który uzależniony był od wykształcenia i miał wpływ na długość deklarowanego karmienia piersią. Po pojawieniu się problemów laktacyjnych, część matek zrezygnowała z karmienia piersią lub wybrała karmienie mieszane. Istnieje konieczność prowadzenia dalszej edukacji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet rodzących po raz pierwszy, nie mających doświadczenia w karmieniu naturalnym.

11

Zahájení kojení z hlediska psychosociálních faktorů perinatální péče

63%

Takács L., Kodyšová E., Kejřová K., Bartošová M.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2011

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vol. 5

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issue 1

16-32

EN

This study identifies major psychosocial determinants of perinatal care that can foster or inhibit successful breastfeeding initiation. Using statistical data analysis of a questionnaire survey with 199 primiparae and content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 18 primiparae and multiparae, it was found that the quality of breastfeeding is determined mainly by the postnatal ward atmosphere as perceived by the woman, the hospital staff attitude (ability to empathize, psychological support, and communication quality) and active offering of help by the staff. The breastfeeding support provided to women in perinatal healthcare should therefore focus both on compliance with the 10 steps for successful breastfeeding (on the basis of which the hospitals are certified as Baby Friendly Hospitals) as well as on meeting the psychological needs of women in the postnatal period.

CS

Tato studie identifikuje hlavní psychosociální proměnné v rámci perinatální péče, které mohou představovat podpůrné či rizikové faktory pro úspěšné zahájení kojení. Na základě statistického vyhodnocení dat z dotazníkového šetření, jehoţ se zúčastnilo 199 respondentek, a obsahové analýzy polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s 18 rodičkami se ukázalo, ţe do kvality kojení se promítá především rodičkou vnímaná atmosféra porodnice a přístup zdravotníků v období po porodu (schopnost empatie, poskytování psychické podpory a kvalita komunikace) a rovněţ aktivní nabízení pomoci s kojením. Podpora kojení poskytovaná rodičkám v rámci perinatální péče by se proto měla zaměřit nejen na dodrţování deseti kroků k úspěšnému kojení, které je podmínkou pro udělení statutu Baby Friendly Hospital, nýbrţ i na psychologické potřeby rodičky v době po porodu.

12

Tandemové kojení jako specifický prostředek kontaktního rodičovství - zkušenosti matek

63%

Hanáčková V., Masopustová Z.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2021

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vol. 15

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issue 4

14-39

EN

The phenomenon of tandem nursing has not been much captured by psychological research. Tandem nursing is practiced by some mothers who follow the trend of attachment parenting. In tandem nursing, the mother breastfeeds both the younger and the older child at the same time. In-depth interviews were conducted with four women who claimed to practice attachment parenting and breastfed their toddler child together with their older sibling at preschool age. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data, and four main themes were identified: 1) Efforts to maintain breastfeeding at all costs - from the decline of breastfeeding in pregnancy to the sharp increase after childbirth to the ideal of selfreinstatement; 2) Mother in the middle - "I feel like I'm still...always in the middle...physically and mentally...between the children"; 3) Tandem nursing as a safeguard for the older child in the new family structure and the mother's efforts to support sibling relationships; 4) Support and criticism of tandem nursing leading to reinforcement of beliefs.

CS

Fenomén tandemového kojení nebyl v psychologickém výzkumu zatím příliš zachycen. Tandemové kojení bývá praktikováno některými matkami, které následují trend tzv. kontaktního rodičovství. Při tandemovém kojení matka kojí mladší i starší dítě zároveň. Se čtyřmi ženami, které se hlásí ke kontaktnímu rodičovství a tandemově kojí dítě v batolecím věku spolu s jeho starším sourozencem v předškolním věku, byly provedeny hloubkové rozhovory. Pro analýzu dat byla použita interpretativní fenomenologická analýza (IPA), s jejíž pomocí byla identifikována čtyři hlavní témata: 1) Snaha udržet kojení za každou cenu – od útlumu kojení v těhotenství, po prudký nárůst po porodu až k ideálu samoodstavu; 2) Matka uprostřed – „Připadám si, že jsem pořád … pořád mezi dětma…fyzicky a psychicky… uprostřed“; 3) Tandemové kojení jako jistota pro starší dítě v novém uspořádání rodiny a snaha matky o podporu sourozeneckých vztahů; 4) Podpora i kritika tandemového kojení vedoucí k upevnění přesvědčení.

13

Influence of the type of birth and nutrition during lactation on the duration of the breastfeeding period in Poland

63%

Bakalarz R., Lisowska S., Gaczoł M., Rogóż M., Bik-Multanowsk M.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2022

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issue 1

103-112

PL

Wprowadzenie: Według Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO) karmienie mlekiem matki jest najlepszym sposobem odżywiania niemowląt. Szczególnie istotne dla niemowląt jest wyłączne karmienie piersią w pierwszych sześciu miesiącach życia. Duże znaczenie dla rozpoczęcia i kontynuacji karmienia piersią ma rodzaj odbytego porodu. Równie ważne jest, by kobiety w okresie laktacji przestrzegały zasad efektywnego żywienia. Celem pracy była próba oceny wiedzy na temat karmienia piersią i czynników demograficznych wpływających na długość karmienia piersią w Polsce. Metody i materiały: W badaniu wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Analizie poddano 520 ankiet. Kobiety wypełniły ankietę on-line za pomocą bezpośredniego linku. Wyniki: 286 kobiet (55%) urodziło siłami natury, a u 234 kobiet (45%) ciąże rozwiązano cięciem cesarskim. Najliczniejsza grupa badanych, 36,7%, reprezentowała średni poziom wiedzy na temat żywienia w okresie laktacji. Poziom wiedzy badanych kobiet na temat odżywiania w okresie laktacji zależał od wykształcenia, miejsca zamieszkania, ale nie od wieku. Długość karmienia piersią nie zależała od wykształcenia, miejsca zamieszkania oraz od wieku kobiet. Nie zaobserwowano różnic w czasie trwania karmienia piersią w zależności od liczby porodów jakie miała kobieta. Nie wykazano również istotnej korelacji pomiędzy długością karmienia piersią a poziomem wiedzy kobiet na temat odżywiania w okresie laktacji. Wnioski: Rozważając problematykę oceny czynników wpływających na długość karmienia piersią bardzo ważne wydaje się, aby w warunkach szpitalnych nie zabrakło miejsca na wsparcie informacyjne.

EN

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the best way to nourish a newborn is breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is especially important for infants during the first six months of their lives. The type of labor undoubtedly has an important influence on the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. It is equally important that women follow the principles of efficient nutrition during lactation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of demographic factors and knowledge of breastfeeding on the duration of the breastfeeding period in the Polish population. Material and methods: We used a diagnostic survey. 520 questionnaires were analyzed. Women completed an online survey via a direct link. Results: 286 women (55%) experienced a spontaneous delivery and 234 women (45%) delivered via caesarean section. The largest group of respondents, 36.7%, demonstrated an average level of knowledge of nutrition during lactation. The knowledge of participants regarding nutrition during lactation depended on their level of education and place of residence, but it did not depend on their age. The duration of the breastfeeding period did not depend on their education, place of residence or age. No significant differences concerning the number of births were detected in the duration of the breastfeeding period. There was also no significant correlation between the duration of the breastfeeding period and the level of women’s knowledge of nutrition during lactation. Conclusions: It seems very important that in the hospital environment there should be a place where women can obtain information about factors affecting the duration of the breastfeeding period.

14

Уход за младенцами: практики, тексты и культурные конфликты

51%

Pletneva A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

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vol. 1

249-269

EN

To create the social history of Russia and the history of everyday life, one needs a description of local everyday practices. This article focuses on the everyday practices associated with the birth of a baby and care for it. The author proceeds from the fact that the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia saw the coexistence of two cultures and two household traditions – the culture of the educated classes and the peasant culture. At the level of everyday practices, they made a certain influence on each other. On the one hand, ethnographic materials were used as sources, and on the other hand – popular medical literature of the 19th century. The article analyzes the practices themselves and the mechanisms of their influence on each other, while it appears that the effect of the practices of educated social groups on people’s life was a conscious Kulturtraeger activity. The influence of peasant household traditions on the lifestyle of educated classes was carried out primarily through direct impact. The ubiquity of nurses who belonged to a different social group than the child’s parents, led to the fact that, despite the parents’ resistance, peasant childcare practices (baby-rocking, pacifier, sleeping together, etc.) were used quite actively.

15

Wybrane passusy dotyczące laktacji w Dionysiaka Nonnosa z Panopolis w świetle współczesnej wiedzy medycznej

51%

Lasek A. M.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

|

2018

|

vol. 66

|

issue 3: Filologia klasyczna

169-188

EN

The Dionysiaca by Nonnos of Panopolis is the most ample extant epos of ancient Greek literature (consisting of 48 books). Besides very frequent allusions and references to ancient Greek and even Latin literature, in Nonnos’ epos there can be found hints of medical knowledge such as: methods of medical treatment (especially of warriors’ injuries), and the symptoms of pathological conditions, diseases and disorders. The epos also mentions many human physiological phenomena and processes such as: descriptions relating to the physiological characteristics of old age, birth, and breastfeeding. The aim of this article is to present a wide range of issues connected with human lactation as depicted in the Dionysiaca of Nonnos in the light of modern medical knowledge. The presentation of passages concerning lactation includes the most common form of breastfeeding post-partum, and wet-nursing, as well as the rare, but possible, non-puerperal lactation. The description of male lactation is the last of these phenomena. These scenes of breastfeeding seem to serve both to prove the broad medical knowledge of the author as well as to fulfil the literary principle of variety (varietas).

PL

Nonnos z Panopolis, ostatni wielki epik grecki, stworzył najobszerniejszy zachowany epos grecki Dionysiaka. Poza nawiązaniami do literatury pięknej, w eposie znaleźć można wiele bardzo ciekawych spostrzeżeń natury medycznej. I tak o znajomości sztuki leczniczej autora dzieła świadczą zawarte w Dionysiaka opisy urazów, jakie odnoszą wojownicy podczas bitwy, oraz przedstawione sposoby ich leczenia. W mare magnum Dionysiaka nie zabrakło również wzmianek o procesach fizjologicznych, takich jak: zmiany charakterystyczne dla wieku starczego, narodzin czy karmienia piersią. Artykuł przedstawia szeroko problematykę laktacji w dziele Nonnosa, starając się wyjaśnić zjawiska opisane przez starożytnego autora z perspektywy współczesnej wiedzy medycznej. Przedstawione zostają kolejno: najczęstsza, fizjologiczna laktacja po porodzie, karmienie niemowlęcia przez mamkę, następnie nieczęsta, ale możliwa przecież laktacja u kobiet, które nie rodziły. Jako ostatnie przeanalizowane zostają sceny karmienia dziecka przez mężczyzn.

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Wybrane passusy dotyczące laktacji w Dionysiaka Nonnosa z Panopolis w świetle współczesnej wiedzy medycznej