Search results

1

Исторические предпосылки взяточничества

100%

Бубнов Ю.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2013

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issue 1(5)

21-27

EN

What we today call bribery, long enough in human history represents one of the main ways people interact. In pre-statist era exchange of gifts in any combination: the gift the gift or a gift for the service , for the gift of obedience or protection, for the desired action or inaction was beneficial relationship between people are compensated . Even the gods of our ancestors, for that matter, and our faithful contemporaries have done and continue to make offerings, anticipating them their request for forgiveness or beneficence. Such compensatory exchange of gifts between individuals and entire nations was a way to organize and was the pillar of the model of non-market economy and the social interaction of primitive society. Gifts fastened kinship relations, brotherhood, vassalage and domination. And vassal, bringing gifts to his master as a sign of devotion, could count on responses gifts, sometimes in excess of material value to their offerings, as was the case, for example, in ancient China. Often the gift largely characterized not so much by the person to whom he raised as generosity and nobility of the donor.

2

Исторические предпосылки взяточничества

100%

Бубнов Ю.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2013

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issue 1(11)

45-65

EN

What we today call bribery, long enough in human history represents one of the main ways people interact. In pre-statist era exchange of gifts in any combination: the gift the gift or a gift for the service, for the gift of obedience or protection, for the desired action or inaction was beneficial relationship between people are compensated. Even the gods of our ancestors, for that matter, and our faithful contemporaries have done and continue to make offerings, anticipating them their request for forgiveness or beneficence. Such compensatory exchange of gifts between individuals and entire nations was a way to organize and was the pillar of the model of non-market economy and the social interaction of primitive society. Gifts fastened kinship rela- tions, brotherhood, vassalage and domination. And vassal, bringing gifts to his master as a sign of devotion, could count on responses gifts, sometimes in excess of material value to their offerings, as was the case, for example, in ancient China. Often the gift largely characterized not so much by the person to whom he raised as generosity and nobility of the donor.

3

Atypowe przypadki korupcji w oceNach sądów i prokuratur na przykładzie przestępstw z art. 228 i 229 k.k.

87%

Bachmat P.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2013

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issue XXXV

247-282

EN

The article presents results of file research invovling an analysis of the manner in which court and prosecution applied law in resolving atypical cases of bribery. The subject of the said research were atypical cases of bribery involving crimes under Article 228 and Article 229 of the Penal Code perpetrated by persons performing public functions. The cases discussed followed a number of varied scenarios which, in general, consisted in accepting or granting material or personal benefit or a promise of such in connection with the perpetrator's official capicity. Hence the conduct of the perpetrator did formally fulfil the definition of the crime defined in Articles 228 and 229 Penal Code. However, since some specific circumstances took place, such as a statutory body's decision or penal jurisprudence, the perpetrated act should not render the perpetrator liable to prosecution. It was found that, when classifying atypical acts of corruption, judicial authorities made some effort to employ lenient penal-legal assessment of the perpetrator's conduct, but they often did so with insufficient diligence and by implementing inappropriate provisions of the penal law. The atypical bribery cases included circumstances in which physicians misled their patients by suggesting they should purchase a highend endoprothesis or medicine produced abroad, on an allegedly free market outside the National Health Fund (NFZ) refunding system. The patients they did so, in spite of the fact that such recommendations have no substantiation in the public functions of a medical doctor. Physicians would then claim that they assumed the role of an intermediary between a patient and a foreign dealer or manufacturer. In practice, they used prothesis or medicines refunded by the National Health Fund (NFZ). Unaware of that fact, patients acted in error as to the circumstances, fulfilling the definition of an unlawful act (error facti), and in particular, the patients were not aware that the money they handed over was in fact a bribe granted in connection with official capacity of the physician. In consequence, the criminal procedure in such cases should either be closed by means of discontinuation or refusal to instigate under Article 17 § 1.2 Criminal Procedure Code subject to Article 28 § 1 Penal Code. Prosecution bodies, however, avoided such classification and in cases like that opted for exempting the informer - briber from the penalty (Article 229 § 6 Penal Code), which did not fully reflect the actual legal and formal circumstances of a misinformed patient's conduct. Especially disagreeable was the fact that the solution adopted by prosecution assumed such patients were guilty. It was established that the notion of customary gifts, widely accepted in penal law publications as lawful excuse, is in practice defunct. This does not mean that similar facts were never subject to criminal procedure.

4

Odpowiedzialność karna osób pełniących funkcje publiczne – uwzględnienie statusu pracownika Najwyzszej Izby Kontroli

70%

Dziwisz S.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2016

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vol. 61

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issue 3 (368)

119-135

EN

The state administration and self-government administration are the areas which are regarded the most threatened with corruption. This especially refers to processes in which a decision is made by one person or a small group of people. Persons who perform public functions are then most exposed to various kinds of attempts to impact on their impartiality in the decision-making process. That is why the state needs to take measures to reduce such situations. In his article, the author analyses the following constructs: abuse of power, bribery, false declaration and third degree. The crimes discussed in the article infringe the principle of impartiality and equal treatment of citizens, as well as negatively affect the proper functioning of state institutions.

5

Korupcja polityczna – przegląd definicji zjawiska w myśli zachodnich i wschodnich badaczy i politologów

70%

Iashchenko M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2014

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issue 2(8)

71-79

EN

Presence of corruption in the structures of political authority is very disadvantageous for the state. Despite this political corruption is still very common. It is difficult to define the concept of corruption accurately, especially in the political field. The problem of political corruption is studied all over the world. Researchers do not agree on the definition of corruption, each of them describes this phenomenon in a different perspective. This article focuses on the phenomenon of political corruption. Here are presented different approaches to the definition of political corruption in western and eastern researchers and scholars.

6

Methodological concept of the research of criminal and legal support against corruption bribery in Ukraine

70%

Mykhailov M.

Reality of Politics

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2020

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issue 14

123-133

EN

The article presents the methodological concept of the study of criminal law support for combating corruption bribery in Ukraine. At the same time, the study of criminal liability for corruption bribery should be based on an appropriate methodological basis. Successful choice of methods of scientific knowledge has a direct impact not only on the research process but also on its results. To obtain reliable conclusions, it is unconditional to use the widest possible methodological tools, taking into account the peculiarities and specifics of the field of research. The protection of human rights in Ukraine today is inextricably connected with combating such a negative phenomenon as corruption. This thesis is declared by a number of international legal agreements, laws and regulations of Ukraine. The European standards of combating corruption in the paradigm of the rule of law exactly allow to increase the effectiveness of the efforts of the Ukrainian society in this direction. The above allows us to formulate a methodological concept for the study of criminal law support for combating corruption bribery in Ukraine. Research of criminal liability for corruption bribery should be carried out from the standpoint of a binary approach: To find out the cause and conditions of occurrence, as well as certain characteristics of the phenomenon itself – deviant behavior in the form of corrupt bribery. To develop the concept of criminal law counteraction to corruption bribery and development of substantiated scientific recommendations on the construction and content of relevant criminal law norms-prohibitions. At the same time, the theory of social naturalism should be chosen as the primary source of worldviews for the study of criminal liability for corruption bribery. This will allow developing new concepts for the formation of law-abiding behavior in the anti-corruption sphere by reassessing the means of legal regulation, partial rejection of positivist principles and the introduction of natural – naturalistic approaches to the formation of criminal law.

7

Problematyka korupcji w polskim kodeksie karnym na tle klarownych regulacji japońskich

61%

Błotnicki M.

Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 29

EN

The article is devoted to the analysis of the selected aspects of bribery, especially office’s bribery and commercial bribery as a typical White-Collar Crime in the comparative law approach. The author presents the description of the mentioned type of crimes in Polish CC in relation to the regulations in the Empire of Japan’s legislation pointing out similarities and differences.

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie poszczególnych aspektów korupcji, w szczególności korupcji urzędniczej i gospodarczej, jako typowych przykładów przestępczości White-Collar w ujęciu prawnoporównawczym. Autor prezentuje opis wspomnianych ustawowych typów czynów zabronionych w polskim kodeksie karnym w stosunku do regulacji ujętych w kodeksie karnym Cesarstwa Japonii, wskazując ich podobieństwa i różnice.

8

How Media Constructs Political Corruption: Case of the Internet Media Reaction to the Political Corruption Scandal during Election Campaign to the Parliament of Lithuania in 2016

61%

Matkevičienė R.

Political Preferences

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2017

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issue 14

35-46

EN

Corruption is not just a problem of developing countries, corruption scandals arise and develop also in Western democracies, what differ are the perception and assessment of corruption. As scientists state, corruption is a phenomenon that is determined by the country's democratic (state) traditions and culture, dominant values and behaviour standards, etc. Most of the time corruption is analysed in the context of political, business, health care and media systems that are interrelated. By far, talking about the understanding and reaction to corruption in politics, are based on public perception of corruption. Corruption in political arena is related not only to actions of politicians, or public officers, but depends on the understanding and its tolerance in society. The cases of political corruption are rare, but they still happen, and it does not matter whether it is a developing county, a newly established democracy, or a so called western democracy. The phenomenon of political corruption is based on political culture, or even more broadly speaking, on national culture, traditions. And because of that cases of political corruption and their evaluation and reaction to them of the participants of political system (political actors, media and citizens) in general demonstrates the level of tolerance of such actions. Results of political election campaign can be considered as the mirror of perception of political corruption in political system, because they demonstrate the activities of all participants of political system and their attitude toward the case. This article aims to analyze the concept of political corruption in order to identify its main determinants and to investigate the potential influence of the case of corruption of political actor on the outcome of the political elections. In this paper the quantitative media content analysis is presented to show the coverage of the political party in relation to political election campaign during the political election period and political corruption event. It is done in search for the factors that determine the presentation and possible impact of political corruption event on the results of political elections. In the research the media content of the political actor, that was accused of corruptive activities (bribery) was analysed. The article also discusses whether the political corruption of political party leader and its presentation in the media may affect the political election results.

9

Ukrainian journalists’ perceptions of unethical practices: Codes and everyday ethics

61%

Grynko A.

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2012

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vol. 5

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issue 2(9)

259-274

EN

The goal of this study was to explore the nature and variations of media bribery practices, as Ukrainian media practitioners perceive them. Three focus group discussions were conducted with Ukrainian editors and leading journalists. The qualitative data provided evidence of the existence of both direct and indirect infl uences at three levels: interpersonal, intra-organizational, and interorganizational. Although Ukrainian journalists consider media non-transparency to be unethical, they tend to justify direct and indirect infl uences. Bribery on an interpersonal level is often related to the personal decision of each media professional and is connected with personal professionalism, responsibility and reputation. Nevertheless, journalists feel less responsible for the practices of indirect influences on both intra- and inter-organizational levels. Th ey perceive them happening beyond their personal decisions and that is why they rarely counteract them.

10

Cudzoziemcy – sprawcy przestępstwa przekupstwa na terenie Polski

53%

Rzeplińska I.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2016

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issue XXXVIII

175-189

EN

By the end of 2013, some 60,0000 citizens of EU Member States, and 121,000 third- -country nationals, holders of Polish residence permits, were registered in Poland. The aggregate number of foreign nationals who currently reside in Poland amounts to 0.5% of the country’s own population. Among the EU citizens, the most numerous are German, Italian, French, British, Bulgarian, and Spanish nationals. Among the non-EU nationals, the largest proportion of residents comes from Ukraine, Vietnam, Russian Federation, Belarus, China, Armenia, Turkey, India, USA, and South Korea; the Ukrainians making up by far the most populous group among them (i.e. 31% of all third-country nationals residing in Poland). Crime rate among foreign residents in Poland as gleaned from the police statistics on foreign offenders spanning 2004–2012 makes it clear that foreign suspects constitute ca. 1% to 0.43% in 2012 of the total number of suspects investigated. In the course of nine years, these crime dynamics (i.e. officially disclosed crime rate among foreign nationals in Poland) appeared to decline. In total, foreign nationals suspected of committing crimes in Poland come from of 61 countries, with EU citizens accounting for 1/3 of them, the remaining 2/3 originating from the third countries. The overall picture of offences perpetrated by foreign nationals in Poland in the period spanning 2004–2012 reveals some telltale characteristics of their prevalent structure. Firstly, a negligible proportion of human crime offences, secondly, a high proportion of specific crimes, e.g. driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whereupon, in the absence of a human victim, the only ‘aggravated’ party is the public order, and thirdly, a growing rate of foreigners suspected of having committed an offence against the credibility of documents. In the police statistics, foreign nationals suspected of committing offences under Articles 228, 229 and 230 of the Polish Penal Code make up 3.4% of all foreign suspects. Foreign nationals suspected of committing the offence of bribery under Article 229 of the Polish Penal Code, the actual subject matter of the study addressed in the paper, are foreign nationals convicted by Polish courts of law. Ninety-six criminal cases of bribery, originating in 2008–2013, which ended in convictions for foreign perpetrators, were randomly selected for the study. The issues of interest were as follows: the profiles of convicted foreigners, accompanying circumstances, general aetiology of the bribery offences committed by foreigners, the bribe recipients, convictions actually secured in a court of law against the perpetrators, and the types of punitive measures applied. Foreign nationals – perpetrators of bribery offences across Poland, originated from 17 countries. 81.3% of the studied population was made up of Ukrainians (41.7%), Belarussians (22.9%), Lithuanians (9.4%), and Russians (7.3%). Single cases were perpetrated by the citizens of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Sweden, Bulgaria, Romania, Latvia, China, Slovakia, Vietnam, Armenia, India, Czech Republic, and Germany. Men prevailed – ca. 10% of those convicted of bribery were women. The most numerous were perpetrators aged 32–40, while the remaining number of offenders was almost equally split amongst the following age brackets 41–50, 22–30, and 51–63 years; the oldest offenders being the least numerous. Two occupational groups clearly predominated: drivers and construction workers. Nonetheless, the perpetrators also included police officers, doctors, nurses, an office worker, and a teacher. The recipients of financial gains, i.e. those to whom the bribes were either handed out or offered, were police officers (48.9% of cases), border guards (31.3%), and customs service officers (15.6%). Individual cases comprise handing out a bribe to an official at the Registry Office (in connection with arranging for a fictitious marriage), public transport ticket inspector, and state railway security service officers. In the cases under study, two places for handing out bribes have been identified, i.e. border crossings (40.6% of cases) and public highways (51% of cases), where traffic police officers are offered material gain. In the vast majority of cases, it was money (amounts ranged from PLN 50.00 to over PLN 1,000.00). Every third perpetrator, a foreign national, was under the influence of alcohol when offering the bribe. The study of foreigners convicted of bribery in the years spanning 2008–2013 identifies two situations in which acts of corruption take place. The first one, driving under the influence of alcohol. Handing out material benefits to a traffic police officer, usually money, is intended to dissuade him from imposing a substantial fine, or from instigating criminal proceedings (prosecution), and consequently from an imposition of a ban on driving motor vehicles by a court of law. The other one, handing out financial benefits to Border Guard or Customs Service officers. When analysing the explanations provided by the perpetrators of bribery, how they tried to rationalise their attempts to corrupt public officials (the police, border guards, customs service officers), the investigators found that it all seemed to stem from a different legal culture in the societies they come from, i.e. a culture of open disregard for the law, public morality in which everything can be ‘sorted out,’ even if it means that the perpetrator effectively evades criminal liability. A public morality in which both parties, a public official and a citizen, conspire to circumvent the law. I am therefore inclined to brand the social background of origin of the 80% of foreign nationals convicted of bribery in Poland as ‘corruption-spawning communities,’ where in the relationship between a citizen and a government agency official it is perfectly natural to offer/accept a consideration for ‘sorting things out.’ Foreign nationals charged with bribery, except for a single case of conditional discontinuance of the proceedings in progress, were sentenced to fines and other punitive measures. A conditionally suspended term of imprisonment prevailed, followed closely by a fine. Apart from the actual penalties, the courts also applied selected punitive measures, such as driving bans, cash considerations, forfeiture of items originating directly from the offence, forfeiture of items actually used, or intended for use in the perpetration of an offence. Immediate custodial sentence was imposed in three cases, i.e. in convictions for several offences, such as bribery, driving under the influence of alcohol, and assaulting a public official.

11

Przestępczość wyborcza w Republice Federalnej Niemiec – model ochrony prawnokarnej wyborów, charakter zjawiska i skala zagrożenia

51%

Wąsik D.

Studia Wyborcze

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2015

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vol. XIX

107-125

PL

W publikacji dokonano charakterystyki przestępczości wyborczej w Republice Federalnej Niemiec – rodzajów przestępstw przeciwko wyborom i ich podziału, polityki karnej stosowanej względem sprawców przestępstw i postaci występujących nadużyć wyborczych. Autor analizuje model ochrony prawnokarnej wyborów w niemieckiej ustawie karnej – Strafgesetzbuch, statystykę kryminalną dotyczącą przestępstw przeciwko wyborom (§107-§108a StGB) sporządzoną przez Federalny Urząd Statystyczny (Statistisches Bundesamt) za lata 2010-2013, sprawozdania Organizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie z lat 2009r. i 2013r., dotyczące wyborów do Bundestagu, a także wybrane orzecznictwo trybunałów i sądów niemieckich w sprawach administracyjnych, konstytucyjnych i karnych, odnoszące się do nadużyć wyborczych.

EN

The aim of the publication is to characterize electoral crimes in the Federal Republic of Germany – the types of crimes against the elections and their classification, relations of the criminal policy against offenders and characters in electoral fraud. The author analyzes the protection model of elections in the German Penal Code – Strafgesetzbuch, criminal statistics on crimes against the elections (§107-§108a StGB), prepared by the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt) for the period 2010-2013, the report of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe from 2009 and 2013 about elections to the Bundestag, as well as selected rulings given by the German administrative, constitutional and criminal courts in matters relating to electoral fraud..

12

Odpowiedzialność urzędnika za przestępstwa popełnione z chęci zysku w okresie międzywojennym

51%

Machura A.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

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2016

|

vol. 19

273-295

EN

Between the two world wars a new model of public administration, with a new type of civil servants, was created. Officials from the parts of Poland that had belonged to different partitions had different qualifications and represented different moral and ethical standards. Clerical matters required solutions going beyond administrative structures and staff training, and also included fraud prevention. Despite the euphoria of independence, poverty, hunger, unemployment, and uncertainty of the future led to an increase in crime, also among civil servants. The situation was also hampered by the lack of uniform legislation. To prevent crimes committed by civil servants, an array of disciplinary rules were introduced including the penalty of death by firing squad. It was the most rigorous legislation punishing dishonest civil servants in Polish history. Historical sources based on the press releases from the period demonstrate that most such judgments concerned the military. Later, the law relaxed, and crimes such as passive and active bribery received model regulation in the Criminal Code of 1932, on which current criminal legislation is partially based.

PL

W okresie międzywojennym tworzono na nowo model administracji publicznej, kształtował się wzorzec urzędnika państwowego. Pochodzący z różnych zaborów urzędnicy mieli odmienne kwalifikacje i reprezentowali inne wzorce moralne i etyczne. Sprawy urzędnicze wymagały rozwiązań nie tylko w zakresie struktur administracji i kształcenia kadr, ale także przeciwdziałania nadużyciom w związku z wykonywaną pracą. Mimo euforii z powodu odzyskania niepodległości bieda, głód, brak pracy i niepewność przyszłości nękały ówczesne społeczeństwo, co prowadziło do wzrostu przestępczości, także urzędniczej. Sytuację utrudniał również brak jednolitego ustawodawstwa, które należało jak najszybciej zunifikować. W celu przeciwdziałania przestępstwom popełnionym z chęci zysku przez urzędników oprócz przepisów dyscyplinarnych i porządkowych wprowadzono najsurowszą karę za tego typu przestępstwa: karę śmierci przez rozstrzelanie. Uchwalona doraźnie, miała ona głównie charakter odstraszający. Było to najbardziej rygorystyczne ustawodawstwo dotyczące nieuczciwości urzędników w historii Polski. Źródła historyczne opierające się na wiadomościach prasowych z tego okresu podawały, że wykonane wyroki dotyczyły w przeważającej części wojskowych. W późniejszym okresie kary złagodzono, a przestępstwa takie jak łapownictwo bierne lub czynne zostały w modelowy sposób uregulowane w Kodeksie karnym z 1932 r., na którym opiera się częściowo współczesne ustawodawstwo karne.

13

Nieetyczny wymiar korupcji

51%

Pięta K.

Rozprawy Społeczne

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2019

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vol. 13

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issue 4

25-36

EN

Abstract In the article on the problem of corruption, which have become a global phenomenon over the years. Attention was paid to its unethical dimension, arguments and threats as well as corruption according to John Paul II and KNS Material and methods Browse literature and various articles on corruption. Results The development of corruption and the constant use of the state budget to realize its own benefits. The use of corruption from nepotism, clientelism to bribery. The impact of corruption on the destruction of social fabric and the destruction of the individual. Conclusions Corruption from a sociological point of view belongs to mechanisms degrading the moral fabric of society. It violates social trust and reduces the resources of social capital, which negatively affects the functioning of society, development and the quality of social life of individuals. Corruption, due to its unethical dimension, also affects the devastation of moral principles.

PL

Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono problem zjawiska korupcji, które z biegiem lat stało się zjawiskiem globalnym. Zwrócono uwagę na jego nieetyczny wymiar, skótki i zagrożenia oraz korupcję w ujęciu Jana Pawła II i KNS Materiał i metody Przeglądanie literatury oraz różnych artykułów w na temat korupcji. Wyniki Rozwój korupcji i nieustanne wykorzystywanie budżetu państwa na rzecz realizacji własnych korzyści. Stosowanie wszelakich zachować korupcyjnych od nepotyzmu, klientelizmu po łapownictwo. Wpływ korupcji na niszczenie tkanki społecznej oraz destrukcję jednostki. Wnioski Korupcja z socjologicznego punktu widzenia należy do mechanizmów degradujących moralną tkankę społeczeństwa. Narusza społeczne zaufanie i obniżają zasoby kapitału społecznego wpływa negatywnie na funkcjonowanie społeczeństwa, rozwój oraz jakość życia społecznego jednostek. Korupcja ze względu na swój nieetyczny wymiar wpływa również na dewastowanie zasad moralnych.

14

Причини порушень і зловживань у бюрократичному середовищі Російської імперії кінця XVIII - nepшoї половини XIX cт. тa їхнe відображення серед українських чиновників

51%

Дегтярьов С.

Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe

|

2015

|

issue 1

69-80

RU

Статья посвящена поиску причин служебных нарушений и преступлений в среде чиновников Российской империи, в том числе и украинских, конца XVIII-первой половины ХІХ вв. В это время украинские служащие уже полностью были интегрироеаны в имперскую бюрократическую систему. Выявлены исторические. со- циально-экономические, социокультурные и политические причины служебных нару- шений. Особое внимание уделено причинам такого явления, как взяточничество, кото- рое было очень распространено среди чиновников.

EN

Article is devoted to finding the cause of service violations and crimes among the officials of the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian territories in late 18th - early 19th centuries. At this time, Ukrainian officials have been fully integrated into the imperial bureaucracv. Historical, socio-economic, socio-cultural and political causes of the service violations were identified. Particular attention was paid to the reasons of this phenomenon, i.e. bribery, which was very common among the officials.

15

Disclosure of non-financial information in the field of counteracting corruption and bribery in economic practice

51%

Skoczylas-Tworek A.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

|

2020

|

issue vol. 64, nr 4

187-198

EN

Listed companies are entities of particular interest from the point of view of building a positive image free from the phenomena of fraud. Directive 2014/895/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 imposed an obligation on certain large entities and groups to report non-financial information on corruption and bribery. The aim of this paper is to measure the degree of such data disclosure by market operators in their published statements and reports on non-financial information. The analysis of non-financial data was performed based on the example of the 30 companies listed in the WIG30 Index. The basic research method was quantitative and qualitative analysis which referred to the verification of the degree of detail of published data on corruption and bribery, the standards and guidelines used in this area, and information on whether or not fraud was detected. The conducted research showed that economic operators show considerable restraint in disclosing such data.

PL

Spółki giełdowe stanowią podmioty szczególnego zainteresowania z punktu widzenia budowania pozytywnego wizerunku wolnego od zjawisk oszustw i nadużyć gospodarczych. Dyrektywą Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/895/UE z dnia 22 października 2014 r. zmieniającą dyrektywę 2013/34/UE na niektóre duże jednostki oraz grupy został nałożony obowiązek raportowania informacji niefinansowych w zakresie korupcji i łapownictwa. Celem publikacji jest pomiar stopnia ujawniania tego rodzaju danych przez podmioty rynkowe w publikowanych przez nie oświadczeniach i sprawozdaniach na temat informacji niefinansowych. Analizy danych dokonano na przykładzie 30 spółek wchodzących w skład indeksu WIG30. Podstawową metodą badawczą była analiza ilościowo-jakościowa. Odnosiła się ona do weryfikacji rodzaju publikowanych danych z zakresu korupcji i łapownictwa, a także wykorzystywanych w tym zakresie standardów i wytycznych oraz informowania o wykrytych bądź nie zjawiskach nadużyć. Przeprowadzane badanie wykazało, że podmioty gospodarcze wykazują znaczną wstrzemięźliwość w ujawnianiu tego rodzaju danych.

16

Morals in the United States of America: Are they in their death throes?

51%

Cook J. A.

|

2018

|

vol. 21

|

issue 4

11-20

EN

This article explores the ethics of large complex systems in the United States of America in three major case studies: the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the political/governmental institutions. Using the simple Aristotelian heuristic of good sense, good character and good will, the conclusion is that ethics is not a high priority due in large part to the relentless pursuit of large sums of money at any cost.

17

Podmioty przestępstw korupcyjnych w świetle dokumentów międzynarodowych i aktów prawa polskiego

41%

Dąbrowski Ł. D.

Studia Prawnicze KUL

|

2017

|

issue 1

53-87

EN

Determination of persons capable of carrying criminal liability for acts of corruption is essential for understanding corruption in both sectors: public and private. The paper analyzed international anti-corruption documents adopted by global and regional international governmental organizations as well as polish law. The main object of the paper is to identify the definitions and scope of understanding of subjects of the corruption offences in the national public sector such us: „public officer” and „person who perform public function”, as well as „foreign entities” operating in the international level and subject of the private sector.

PL

Określenie kręgu podmiotów zdolnych do ponoszenia odpowiedzialności karnej za czyny korupcyjne ma kluczowe znaczenie dla zrozumienia korupcji w obu sektorach: publicznym i prywatnym. W opracowaniu poddano analizie dokumenty odnoszące się do zjawiska korupcji przyjmowane pod auspicjami międzynarodowych organizacji rządowych o charakterze powszechnym i regionalnym oraz przepisy prawa krajowego. Głównym zamierzeniem było określenie zakresu znaczeniowego poszczególnych kategorii podmiotów krajowych w sektorze publicznym, tj.: „funkcjonariusza publicznego” oraz „osoby pełniącej funkcję publiczną”, jak również „podmiotów zagranicznych” funkcjonujących w wymiarze międzynarodowym, całość dopełnia określenie podmiotów sektora prywatnego.

18

PROBLEMS OF UNDERSTANDING SUBJECT MATTER OF THE OFFENCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)

36%

Achilov I.

International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)

|

2018

|

issue 4(2)

169-176

EN

This article is devoted to analyze understanding subject matter of offence in modern jurispru-dence rather than classic criminal law Republic of Uzbekistan. Particularly, the article anal-yses controversial point of views on the material objects and non-material objects and person within the definition of subject matter of the offence and proposed corresponding conclusions. Author analyzed opinions of various scientists from the Republic of Uzbekistan and other foreign states. On the basis of the specified opinions the author drew the corresponding logical conclusions. Author proposed to define subject matter of crime as a material and some non-material benefits that are subject to crime or criminal offenses for person who is guilty of committing an offense. Author notes that the crime must be differentiated from the weapon of crime and means of the crime.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie zrozumienia przedmiotu przestępstwa we współczesnym orzecznictwie, w odejściu od klasycznego prawa karnego Republiki Uzbekistanu. Artykuł skupia się na analizie kontrowersyjnego sposobu rozpatrywania przedmiotów materialnych i niematerialnych oraz osoby w zakresie definicji przedmiotu przestępstwa. W artykule zostały przeanalizowane opinie naukowców z Uzbekistanu jak i innych państw. Na podstawie okre-ślonych opinii autor wyciągnął odpowiednie logiczne wnioski. Autor zaproponował określenie przedmiotu przestępstwa jako materialnych i niektórych niematerialnych korzyści dla osoby która jest winna popełnienia przestępstwa. Autor zauważa, że w przestępstwie należy wy-szczególnić broń przestępczą i środki przestępstwa.

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PROBLEMS OF UNDERSTANDING SUBJECT MATTER OF THE OFFENCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)