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Use-wear analysis of copper-alloy artifacts. A window of opportunity or a dead end?

100%
Kasprowicz M.
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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2022
|
vol. 27
73-85
EN
A world seen through the lenses of a microscope can lead to exceptional discoveries. Regarding archaeology, it can grant us knowledge about the possible usage of certain artifacts in the past. Previously unrecognized and unclassified fragments of flint and bone can be reinterpreted as a completely different item. Throughout the years there were a small few astounding scientist who laid foundations and improved on this part of archaeology. In this already tight-knit group of researchers there is an even smaller group of people who are interested in applying use-wear analysis to copper-alloy artifacts. It is quite a different approach. You still look for signs of usage or any other traces but the difference in material and overall structure of an artifact makes for quite a difficult task. The multiple issues and setbacks such as corrosion, acidity of the soil, the composition of alloys, conservation or simple mismanagement of an artifact can lead to a lot of misleading conclusions. Despite all those problem you can still gather data from use-wear analysis on metal. But can it be used in forming any sort of narrative or is just a “collection of pretty pictures”?
2
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Metal garment elements from the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age cemetery at Beshtasheni (eastern Georgia)

100%
Hamburg J., Pawłowska K.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
601-618
EN
The paper presents metal elements of garments and jewellery dating to the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age period (13th–6th century BC) coming from the excavation of the Beshtasheni cemetery in eastern Georgia carried out from the mid-1930s until 2014. A brief historical and cultural background, including a short description and chronology of the Beshtasheni cemetery, is given before presenting the assemblage of metal garment elements found in the graves: pins, belts and buckles, finger rings, bracelets, parts of buckles and beads, including a preliminary typology of some of these artifacts. The typology takes into account the decoration and shape, as well as ornamental elements and motifs. The paper goes on to describe the observed relation between metal garment elements and the gender and age of the deceased.
3
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Hermès Dionysophore. Le bronze Lormier

84%
Bonnefoy A., Feugère M.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2017
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vol. 21
143-172
EN
The ‘Lormier bronze’, named after its earliest known owner, is an exceptional statuette made of copper alloy. It is remarkable, both by its subject and its style, of very fine quality; but also by its state of conservation, namely its gilding, which allows us to contemplate, for once, such a statuette close to its original aspect. The iconography, rather rare in the field of small bronze figurines, clearly derives from the large statuary and illustrates a little-known episode of the Graeco-Roman mythology. Through the diverse possible models and their repercussion in the ‘minor arts’, the article allows to place this work in the Graeco-Roman production by following, in its main lines, the long way going from the original work to the series crafts, sometimes, as here, of high quality.
4
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Hera and the Sea. Decoding Dedications at the Samian Heraion

84%
Ringheim H. L.
Studia Hercynia
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2019
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vol. 23
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issue 1
11-25
EN
The paper examines the Near Eastern and Greek dedications at the Sanctuary of Hera in Samos during the 8th to 6th centuries BC. Contextualising the types of dedications and their origins indicate the identity of the dedicators, and whether they were Samians, other Greeks or from the Near East. Much scholarship has been devoted to the Samian Heraion and this paper contributes to these discussions by tracing the socio -economic and political objectives of the dedicators and bringing different theories into a single narrative. The paper presents a selection of votive dedications that embody broader exchanges: firstly as a political act between states; as a display of social power; the growing trade routes and role of sanctuary markets; and finally, the other modes of contact that emerged, such as mercenaries and pirates. Overall, the Samian Heraion played an essential role as a timely crossroads between the East and West, where the dedication practices shed light on the various groups of dedicators.
5

Skarb z Jodłowna, gm. Przywidz, pow. gdański, woj. pomorskie. Kontekst osadniczy oraz zagadnienia typologiczno-chronologiczne

67%
Nowak K., Gan P., Fudziński P., Palej A., Kwiatkowska M.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2023
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vol. Tom XXXII
91–114
EN
The discovery of the hoard using a metal detector was made at the end of August 2021 in Jodłowno, Przywidz commune, Gdańsk district (Fig. 1). This area is located in the south-western part of the village. The hoard was found at a forest path, about 10 metres from the meander of the former riverbed. Excavations were carried out on September 3, 2021. In the central part of the trench there was a place indicated and dug up by Mr Piotr Spisak. The diagonals of the trench were located along the lines N-S, W-E (Fig. 2a). The exploration of the site began with the mechinery removal of the topsoil layer. Surface prospecting was carried out on an ongoing basis using a metal detector. After removing the topsoil layer, a round outline of the dig made by the finder was found. At a depth of about 70 cm, a flat stone was found, left there by the discoverer of the objects (Figs. 2a; 3b). The finder claims that the stone was above metal artefacts. Below the stone, intact metal objects with an intense green patina began to appear (Figs. 2b; 3c, d). The artefacts were in the ground in an organized order (Fig. 3d-f). Rods/bars along with several tied items were put together in two groups. In the central part there were necklaces stacked on top of each other and an ankle ring which was partially surrounded by necklaces (Fig. 3f). The individual elements of the deposit were tied with a string made of organic material, the remains of which have been preserved on some items. Some ingots or groups of objects were bound with it (Fig. 4). Four cast hollow ankle rings were found in the deposit (Inv. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 17; Fig. 5), six bow-shaped necklaces (Inv. Nos. 23-28; Fig. 6.7), a cast bracelet, hollow with thickened ends (Fig. 8), two fragments of hoop ornaments with a small rod diameter (Fig. 9a, b). Production waste included two separated casting jets of inlet reservoirs with two supply channels (Fig. 10). The deposit also includes blades and their fragments (Fig. 11a-d). The largest group of metal artefacts in the deposit are rods/bars (fifty specimens). This large collection is highly diversified both metrically and formally (Fig. 12). Based on the presence of dating artefacts, such as ankle rings and bow-shaped necklaces, the chronology of the deposit should be determined to the early Iron Age. Based on the findings of M. Hoffman (2000, p. 125), the presence of bow-shaped necklaces seems to date the deposit to the late early Bronze Age (HaD). The discovery from Jodłowno is part of the whole network of discoveries of hoards from the early Iron Age. The micro region of Jodłowno, a small village located in the eastern part of the Kashubian Lake District, is an area with many discoveries from the early Iron Age. There are as many as fourteen archaeological sites in the village itself. The discovery of the hoard in Jodłowno is one of the few examples of assemblage of artefacts that have been fully recovered. It is also one of the few so-called compact assemblages, whose homogeneity is certain. For the first time in the case of the early Iron Age in Pomerania, we are dealing with a well-documented context of the deposition of metal objects constituting a single assemblage. Depositing the ingots should not determine only the ‘raw material’ interpretation of the nature of the hoard and the question of belonging only to a person engaged in metallurgy, so eagerly undertaken by researchers. Further research of individual components of the hoard will bring us closer to an attempt to reconstruct their ‘biography’ and interpret the deposition act.
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