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EN
Cancer is a major problem that affects today's society. Besides patients suffering from this disease, cancer has also a huge impact on the quality of life of the family. This study aimed to investigate the latest bibliography on the effect of the burden of patient care with cancer on family caregivers. Family caregivers face physical health problems such as physical pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances. Moreover, several psychological effects are shown, in which various disorders such as depression are included. Psychological disorders, also, include adjustment disorder, panic disorder, anxiety, and emotional reactions such as anger, frustration, and fear. In the financial sector, caregivers face several problems due to the coverage of medical needs which are reinforced by reducing or stopping their work because of the care burden. At the same time, they are confronted with social impacts in which loneliness and isolation are attributable to the limitation of their social activities. As far as the age group of the patient is concerned, the effects of caring for young patients are more psychological than physical in opposite to the older people. The burden experienced by the family of the cancer patient exhausts family and it becomes necessary to identify problems and assess their needs. Health professionals should strength caregivers with actions such as psychological support, training, and participation in social and supportive programs in order to improve their personal health and quality of life.
EN
Objectives. The combination of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and other psychiatric comorbidities disorders represents an extreme burden on their families and lay caregivers. The study aimed to investigate previously missing data on the burden and level of stress lay caregivers of patients with epilepsy and mental/intellectual disability and possible changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The unicentric pilot study in lay caregivers of dispensed patients with epilepsy and concurrent mental/intellectual disability in an Epilepsy Center focused on lay caregivers burden. Caregiver burden was subjectively assessed for a period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Caregiver Burden Scale. The Chi-Square Test was used for statistical evaluation at a significance level of 0.05. Results. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, 526 patients were dispensed with the principal diagnosis of G40.* in the selected center; 46 lay caregivers were included in the study (9 males, and 37 females; the patient’s average age was 52.1 years). Due to the limitation of respite services, 25 (54.3%) caregivers reported worsening economic situations, and 31 (67.4%) reported increased stress levels. Increased caregiver burden during the COVID-19 pandemic was verified for walking (15 cases, p = 0.001), dressing, and bathing (12 cases, p = 0.010) activities. Conclusion. The obtained results confirmed the high dependency rate of patients and identified several factors (impaired mobility, falls, aggression, fear of COVID-19 disease) that increase the level of burden and stress in their caregivers due to the inability to use respite care and common tools for external assistance in care. Worsening socioeconomic situation and increased use of antidepressants by caregivers have been identified. The analysis also confirmed differences in the availability of respite care by place of residence at the national level.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę egzegetyczną Ga 6,2: „Jeden drugiego brzemiona noście”. W czterech punkach zostały omówione zagadnienia tłumaczenia, krytyki, analizy literackiej i egzegetycznej tekstu. Pareneza Ga 6,2 występuje w kontekście wolności i miłości, które są owocem ducha i którymi powinien kierować się w postępowaniu prawdziwy chrześcijanin. Wypowiedź Pawła z Ga 6,2 jest zachętą skierowaną do wszystkich, aby wzajemnie nosili brzemiona innych oraz wraz z grzesznikiem pochylali się nad jego grzechem i pomagali mu go przezwyciężać, aby dokonywało się jego nawrócenie. Termin brzemię wskazuje na ciężar w sensie moralnym. Brzemieniem są więc grzechy, w które każdy człowiek popada. Wzajemna pomoc jest ochroną przed upadkiem moralnym i troską o zbawienie bliźniego. Jest definicją solidarności międzyludzkiej oraz naśladowaniem Chrystusa i wypełnieniem prawa Chrystusowego, którego treścią jest miłość bliźniego.
EN
The present article contains the exegetical analysis of the text from the letter of St. Paul to the Galatians: “Bear one another’s burdens” (Gal 6:2). In four points there are discussed the general issues of the translation, criticism, as well as the literary and exegetical analysis of the text. The paraneasis of Galatians 6:2 appears in the context of freedom and love which are the fruit of the Spirit and which the true Christian should follow in one’s behaviour. St. Paul’s statement from Galatians 6:2 is an incentive directed to all to bear one another’s burdens and, together with the sinner, to lean over his sin and to help him to overcome it, so that his conversion may take place. The term ‘burden’ indicates a weight in a moral sense. Burdens, therefore, are the sins in which every man falls. Reciprocal help is a protection from the moral downfall and a concern for one’s neighbour’s salvation. It is a definition of an interpersonal solidarity as well as the imitation of Christ and the fulfilment of Christ’s law whose essence is the love of the neighbour.
EN
Introduction: Thousands of people around the world are take care of relatives with Huntington’s disease, which can be very difficult, exhausting and stressful. Huntington’s disease patients have to cope with physical, emotional and cognitive problems. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the Krakow Academy of Neurology. The study included 68 patients with symptoms of Huntington’s disease and their caregivers. The research was conducted in 2007 to 2011. The Hamilton scale was used to measure depression and the severity of the disease was determined by the scale of functional capacity (TFC – Total Functional Capacity). Caregiver burden assessment was done using a caregiver-companion questionnaire. Results and conclusions: The statistical analysis study showed that the functional disability of the patient correlates with the caregiver burden. There is also a relationship between the severity of depression and caregiver burden. Detailed analysis of the Hamilton scale results showed that the factors having the greatest impact on caregiver burden are: slow down and inhibition, agitation and restlessness, obsessions and phobias, diurnal mood variation, and the general mood of depressed patients.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Na całym świecie tysiące ludzi opiekuje się bliskimi z chorobą Huntingtona próbując sobie radzić z opieką nad chorym, która może być bardzo trudna, wyczerpująca i stresująca. Pacjenci bowiem mają problemy natury fizycznej, emocjonalnej i poznawczej. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono w Krakowskiej Akademii Neurologii. Grupę badaną stanowiło 68 pacjentów z objawami choroby Huntingtona wraz z opiekunem. Badania były przeprowadzane w latach 2007−2011. Do pomiaru depresji zastosowano skalę Hamiltona, zaawansowanie choroby określono za pomocą skali zdolności funkcjonowania (TFC – Total Functional Capacity). Oceny obciążenia opiekuna dokonano za pomocą kwestionariusza opiekuna–osoby towarzyszącej. Wyniki i wnioski: Stwierdzono, że niepełnosprawność funkcjonalna pacjenta koreluje z obciążeniem opiekuna. Istnieje również zależność pomiędzy nasileniem depresji a obciążeniem opiekuna. Największy wpływ na obciążenie opiekuna mają: spowolnienie i zahamowanie, niepokój i podniecenie ruchowe, natręctwa i fobie, wahania dobowe samopoczucia oraz nastrój depresyjny pacjenta.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę słowa „ciężar” (gr. baros) w tekstach biblijnych Nowego Testamentu. Termin ten występuje w różnych kontekstach i formach gramatycznych. W czterech punkach zostały omówione teksty biblijne, które ukazują ciężar w znaczeniu dosłownym i moralnym. Teksty obrazują ciężar jako trud związany z pracą człowieka i jego kondycją psychofizyczną. Ciężar występuje również w sensie eschatologicznym oraz wszelkich zadań chrześcijanina związanych z wiarą w Boga, zachowaniem przepisów Prawa, obrony wiary i misji apostolskiej św. Pawła. W podsumowaniu ujęto także zastosowanie tego słowa przez Jana Pawła II w jego homilii w Gdańsku w roku 1988 w czasie trzeciej pielgrzymki do Polski.
EN
This article contains the analysis of the word “burden” (gr. baros) in the biblical texts of the New Testament. The phrase is used in different contexts and grammatical forms. Four points of the biblical texts were discussed to show the meaning of “burden” in the literal and moral sense. The texts reflect on the burden connected with the human work and his psychophysical condition. The burden has also an eschatological meaning and is present in all works connected to the Christian faith in God, observance of the Law, defense of the faith and the apostolic mission of St. Paul. The summary also reflects on the use of this word by John Paul II in his homily in Gdansk in 1988 during the third pilgrimage to Poland.
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