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1

Ekonomiczne aspekty działalności templariuszy

100%
Żurek Ł.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2011
|
issue 870
105-117
EN
The Templar Knights, an order that existed from the 11th to the beginning of the 14th centuries left behind a rich legacy of business activities. The activities were of various types, and their agriculture, financial and banking achievements are all deserving of attention. Thanks to its funds, the Order of the Temple contributed to the development of financial and banking services that had never existed. Of paramount importance were travellers’ cheques and loans granted both private individuals and countries. The influence of their wide-ranging activities was evident throughout Western Europe (because of the highly developed network of monastic castles) and the Holy Land, and contributed to the prevalence of banking services in medieval Europe.
2
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Religious marketing and its impact on the development of business activities in tourism

100%
Hvizdová E.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
|
2013
|
issue 2(12)
107-117
EN
In the past, people were travelling mainly for religious purposes. The first travelers were pilgrims who traveled to places of spiritual enjoyment. In these trips, tourism services were used only partly. Today the situation is reversed. The business of tourism is not easy, but Slovakia has all the prereq- uisites for its development, particularly in terms of primary supply. Second- ary offer is in the business sphere of competence. It is possible to succeed in domestic and international competition in tourism industry by defining op- portunities of a country, drawing potential for financial contributions from the European funds as well as from the Ministry of Culture, with the proper use of tools of religious marketing mix and quality management of human resources. The aim of this article was to highlight the growing concerns of the mod- ern phenomenon of entrepreneurial activities in the field of marketing in relation to religion.
3
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Bouřlivá léta: Baťovské podnikatelské aktivity v širší střední Evropě za druhé světové války

100%
Marek Martin M.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
|
2014
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vol. 100
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issue 3
629-687
EN
This study focuses on the dealings of concerns during the Second World War. Based on the example of Baťa, the author describes the development and transformation of the concern’s business activities on the eve of the war and during the war itself within the wider territory of Central Europe, which is for the purposes of this study limited to the lands of Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Romania. In the treatment of this subject there was a deliberate preference for a problem-based orientation, because it also enables the revelation of some more general questions connected with the phenomenon of Baťa’s business activities. There is space dedicated to the practical steps taken as well as to the preservation of the concern’s property in markets where they had already operated in the past, and also to evaluation of the methods that were to have provided for expansion into territories that had not yet been occupied. In this context, a reconstruction is provided for institutional and personal ties in particular between the controlling company in Zlín, the affiliated financial centers with headquarters in Switzerland and the United States, and finally with the individual subsidiary companies in the countries that were analyzed.
4
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Religious marketing and its impact on the development of business activities in tourism

100%
Hvizdová E.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
|
2013
|
issue 1(11)
149-159
EN
In the past, people were travelling mainly for religious purposes. The first travelers were pilgrims who traveled to places of spiritual enjoyment. In these trips, tourism services were used only partly. Today the situation is reversed. The business of tourism is not easy, but Slovakia has all the prerequisites for its development, particularly in terms of primary supply. Secondary offer is in the business sphere of competence. It is possible to succeed in domestic and international competition in tourism industry by defining opportunities of a country, drawing potential for financial contributions from the European funds as well as from the Ministry of Culture, with the proper use of tools of religious marketing mix and quality management of human resources. The aim of this article was to highlight the growing concerns of the modern phenomenon of entrepreneurial activities in the field of marketing in relation to religion.
5
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PRAWNE UWARUNKOWANIA TWORZENIA I ROZWIJANIA PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW PRZEZ CUDZOZIEMCÓW W POLSCE

63%
Andrejuk K.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2016
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vol. 43
|
issue 3(504)
18-24
EN
The article examines national provisions concerning possibility of business activities of migrants. These regulations constitute an important part of host country’s policy of admitting migrants to the labour market. Focusing on the Act on Freedom of Business Activity and the Foreigners Act, I analyse migrants’ access to two types of business activities: as natural persons (individual business activities) and as legal persons or organisational entities (partnerships and companies). Analysis of evolution of Polish migration policy in this respect indicates that in the last ten years there has been a significant liberalisation of foreigner’s access to individual business activities – such possibility was obtained by several new categories of migrants. At the same time, changes of law concerning possibility of obtaining residence in Poland by foreigners who set up their own partnerships/companies have a character of consolidation rather than liberalisation.
PL
Artykuł analizuje regulacje ustawowe dotyczące możliwości prowadzenia przez cudzoziemców działalności gospodarczej. Unormowania te stanowią ważny element polityki migracyjnej Polski w zakresie dostępu migrantów do rynku pracy. Skupiając się na ustawie o swobodzie działalności gospodarczej oraz ustawie o cudzoziemcach, w artykule analizowany jest dostęp imigrantów do dwóch typów prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej: jako osoby fizyczne (jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza) oraz jako osoby prawne lub jednostki organizacyjne (spółki osobowe lub kapitałowe). Analiza ewolucji polskiej polityki migracyjnej w omawianym zakresie pokazuje, że w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu nastąpiła znacząca liberalizacja dostępu cudzoziemców do jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej – możliwość taką otrzymywało coraz więcej kategorii imigrantów. Zmiany prawa w dostępie do zezwolenia na pobyt cudzoziemca w Polsce w związku z pracą w utworzonej przez niego spółce mają charakter raczej konsolidacji dotychczasowych rozwiązań niż liberalizacji.
6
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Bloger jako przedsiębiorca w rozumieniu ustawy o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji

45%
Ingram A.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
|
2019
|
issue 2 (25)
139-154
EN
The purpose of the article is to discuss the issues related to the possibility and legitimacy of qualifying the creators of online journals called bloggers as entrepreneurs as defined in Unfair Competition Act, as well as the effects of such qualification. These considerations were preceded by showing the possibility of bloggers’ participation in business activities. Premises for classifying a blogger as an entrepreneur as defined in this Act, including premises based on the regulation of the entrepreneurs’ law were presented by analyzing the current literature and jurisprudence. The study also considers the possibility of granting the blogger with passive and active mandate under said Act. The whole study has been summarized with a forecast regarding importance of blogs in context of Unfair Competition Act.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie problematyki związanej z możliwością oraz zasadnością zakwalifikowania blogerów (twórców dzienników internetowych) jako przedsiębiorców w rozumieniu ustawy o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji, jak i skutków płynących z takiej kwalifikacji. Rozważania poprzedzono analizą udziału blogerów w obrocie gospodarczym. Wykorzystując oraz analizując aktualną literaturę oraz judykaturę, omówiono ustawowe przesłanki pozwalające na klasyfikację blogera jako przedsiębiorcę w rozumieniu tejże ustawy; w ramach opracowania wskazano również przesłanki bazujące na regulacji ustawy o prawie przedsiębiorców. Opracowanie obejmuje także możliwości przyznania legitymacji biernej oraz czynnej blogerowi w ramach przedmiotowej ustawy. Całość opracowania została podsumowana prognozą co do znaczenia tematyki blogów w kontekście ustawy o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji.
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